The use of palladium nanoparticles supported on MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves in Heck reaction: A comparison of basic and neutral supports

Functionalized Ordered Mesoporous Silicas (MCM-41): Synthesis and Applications in Catalysis

Mesoporous silica sieves are among the most studied nano-objects due to their stable pore structure and easy preparation. In particular, MCM-41 have attracted increasing research attention due to their chemical versatility. This review focuses on the synthesis and regioselective functionalization of MCM-41 to prepare catalytic systems. The topics covered are: mono and di-functionalized MCM-41 as basic and acid catalysts, catalysts based on metallic complexes and heteropolyacids supported onto MCM-41, metallic nanoparticles embed onto functionalized MCM-41 and magnetic MCM-41 for catalytic purposes.

Multi-component one-pot reaction of aldehyde, hydroxylamine and sodium azide catalyzed by Cu-MCM-41 nanoparticles: a novel method for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole derivatives

A new method was developed for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles in the presence of copper modified MCM-41, as a heterogeneous and reusable nanostructured catalyst.

A new hierarchically porous Pd@HSQ monolithic catalyst for Mizoroki–Heck cross-coupling reactions

Palladium nanoparticles are embedded in hierarchically porous hydrogen silsesquioxane monoliths by on-site reduction to prepare a reusable catalyst for Mizoroki–Heck reactions.

Copper modified spherical MCM-41 nano particles: an efficient catalyst for the three-component coupling of aldehydes, amines and alkynes in solvent-free conditions

Cu-MCM-41 nano particles have been shown to effectively catalyze the multi-component synthesis of propargylamines by the reaction of aldehydes, amines, and alkynes (A³ coupling) effectively at 100 °C under solvent-free conditions.

Enhancement in the catalytic activity of Pd/USY in the heck reaction induced by H2 bubbling

Pd was loaded on ultra stable Y (USY) zeolites prepared by steaming NH(4)-Y zeolite under different conditions. Heck reactions were carried out over the prepared Pd/USY. We found that H₂ bubbling was effective in improving not only the catalytic activity of Pd/USY, but also that of other supported Pd catalysts and Pd(OAc)₂. Moreover, the catalytic activity of Pd/USY could be optimized by choosing appropriate steaming conditions for the preparation of the USY zeolites; Pd loaded on USY prepared at 873 K with 100% H₂O gave the highest activity (TOF = 61,000 h⁻¹), which was higher than that of Pd loaded on other kinds of supports. The prepared Pd/USY catalysts were applicable to the Heck reactions using various kinds of substrates including bromo- and chloro-substituted aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds. Characterization of the acid properties of the USY zeolites revealed that the strong acid site (OH(strong)) generated as a result of steaming had a profound effect on the catalytic activity of Pd.

Sustainable preparation of supported metal nanoparticles and their applications in catalysis

Metal nanoparticles have attracted much attention over the last decade owing to their unique properties as compared to their bulk metal equivalents, including a large surface-to-volume ratio and tunable shapes. To control the properties of nanoparticles with particular respect to shape, size and dispersity is imperative, as these will determine the activity in the desired application. Supported metal nanoparticles are widely employed in catalysis. Recent advances in controlling the shape and size of nanoparticles have opened the possibility to optimise the particle geometry for enhanced catalytic activity, providing the optimum size and surface properties for specific applications. This Review describes the state of the art with respect to the preparation and use of supported metal nanoparticles in catalysis. The main groups of such nanoparticles (noble and transition metal nanoparticles) are highlighted and future prospects are discussed.

Palladium catalysts supported on mesoporous molecular sieves bearing nitrogen donor groups: preparation and use in Heck and Suzuki C-C bond-forming reactions

A series of supported catalysts is prepared by treatment of SBA-15-type mesoporous molecular sieve bearing [triple chemical bond]SiCH(2)CH(2)CH(2)NHCH(2)CH(2)NEt(2) groups with palladium(II) acetate. These catalysts are studied in Suzuki biaryl couplings and in Heck reactions to establish the influence of metal loading and innocent surface modifications (trimethylsilylation). The Suzuki reaction proceeded efficiently with model and practically relevant substrates; the catalyst performance increasing with an increasing degree of metalation (decreasing N/Pd ratio). Catalyst poisoning tests revealed that the reaction takes place in the liquid phase with the catalyst serving as a reservoir of active metal species and also as a stabilizing support once the reaction is performed. In the Heck reactions, on the other hand, the catalyst performance strongly changed with the reaction temperature and with the N/Pd ratio. The material with the lowest metal loading (0.01 mmol palladium per gram of material, N/Pd ratio ca. 100:1) proved particularly attractive in the Heck coupling, being highly active at elevated temperatures, recyclable, and capable of acting as a bifunctional catalyst (i.e., functioning without any external base.