Amino acid-based ionic liquid immobilized on α-Fe2O3-MCM-41: An efficient magnetic nanocatalyst and recyclable reaction media for the synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives

Urea-rich porous organic polymer as a hydrogen bond catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation reaction and synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones

In this research, a new urea-rich porous organic polymer (urea-rich POP) as a hydrogen bond catalyst was synthesized via a solvothermal method. The physiochemical properties of the synthesized urea-rich POP were investigated by using different analyses like Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), elemental mapping analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. The preparation of urea-rich POP provides an efficacious platform for designing unique hydrogen bond catalytic systems. Accordingly, urea-rich POP, due to the existence of several urea moieties as hydrogen bond sites, has excellent performance as a catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation reaction and multi-component synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones.

Green synthesis of heterocyclic alkenes using MCM 41 supported perchloric acid catalytic system: characterization and DFT studies

CONTEXT

In this work, a series of heterocyclic alkenes were prepared by the reaction of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with various heterocyclic active methylene compounds via Knoevenagel condensation reaction using mesoporous silica, MCM 41, supported perchloric acid as an efficient green catalytic system under solvent-free conditions. A comparative study of the conventional method vs the green method was also reported with the same raw materials. ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR, and mass spectroscopic techniques were used for the characterization of synthesized compounds.

METHODS

Computational study was performed for these compounds by applying density functional theory (DFT) at M06 functional and 6-311G (d,p) basis set to interpret the electronic structures and counter check the experimental findings. The frequency analysis with aforementioned levels of DFT was performed to confirm the stability associated with optimized geometries. The true minimum for the optimized geometries for 1, 2, and 3 was achieved as indicated by the absence of negative eigenvalues in all the calculated frequencies. Additionally, natural bond orbitals (NBOs) and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were explored utilizing the aforementioned level and basis set combination via DFT, whereas the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) evaluation was done at time-dependent density functional theory TDDFT at M06/6-311G(d,p). The global reactivity parameters were also calculated using the FMO data. These computation-based outcomes were found in good agreement with the experimental findings.

An overview and bibliometric analysis on the colorectal cancer therapy by magnetic functionalized nanoparticles for the responsive and targeted drug delivery

With the growing demands for personalized medicine and medical devices, nanomedicine is a modern scientific field, and research continues to apply nanomaterials for therapeutic and damaged tissue diagnosis. In this regard, substantial progress has been made in synthesizing magnetic nanoparticles with desired sizes, chemical composition, morphologies, and surface chemistry. Among these materials, nanomagnetic iron oxides have demonstrated promise as unique drug delivery carriers due to cancer treatment. This carrier could lead to responsive properties to a specific trigger, including heat, pH, alternative magnetic field, or even enzymes, through functionalization and coating of magnetic nanoparticles, along with biocompatibility, good chemical stability, easy functionalization, simple processing, and ability to localize to the tumor site with the assistance of external magnetic field. Current studies have focused on magnetic nanoparticles' utilities in cancer therapy, especially for colorectal cancer. Additionally, a bibliometric investigation was performed on the public trends in the field of the magnetic nanoparticle to drug delivery and anticancer, which represented progressing applications of these carriers in the multidisciplinary zones with a general view on future research and identified potential opportunities and challenges. Furthermore, we outline the current challenges and forthcoming research perspective for high performance and fostering advanced MNPs in colorectal cancer treatment.

Synthesis of Novel bis-spirooxindoles Catalyzed by Magnetic Cobalt Ferrite Encapsulated MCM-41@MgO as a Solid Base

AIMS AND OBJECTIVE

Synthesis of novel bis-spirooxindoles was carried out from isatins, two equivalents of malononitrile, and various derivatives of cyclohexanones.

BACKGROUND

A facile one-pot and four-component reaction was investigated for the synthesis of novel bisspirooxindoles from different derivatives of isatins, two equivalents of malononitrile and various derivatives of cyclohexanone in the presence of magnetic CoFe2O4@MCM-41@MgO NPS catalyst under mild conditions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Firstly, the magnetic CoFe2O4@MCM-41@MgO was prepared in three steps. Afterwards, the CoFe2O4@MCM-41@MgO was used as a base catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of bisspirooxindoles.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The procedure exhibited several benefits, an excellent yield of products, short reaction times, reusability, and recyclability of the nanocatalyst.

CONCLUSION

The structure of nanocatalyst was recognized by FT-IR, XRD, VSM, SEM, BET, and EDX techniques, and the structure of the organic products was determined by melting point, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass spectra, and C.H.N analyses.

ZnO-nanocatalyst Promoted the Production of Imidazole Derivatives via four-component Reaction of Aminoacid: Study of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity

AIM AND OBJECTIVE

In current research, imidazole derivatives are synthesized via a new process of four component reaction of trichloroacetonitrile, amides, alkyl bromides and amino acids catalyzed by zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as a simple and recyclable catalyst in water at room temperature. Among investigated compounds, compounds 5b have good results relative to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and 2-tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) as standard antioxidant. The achieved outcomes of disk diffusion experiment showed that these compounds avoided the growth of bacterial.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this research, all chemicals are purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland) and employed with any purification. For measuring infrared spectroscopy and melting point, a Shimadzu IR-460 spectrometer and Electrothermal 9100 apparatus are utilized respectively. BRUKER DRX-400 AVANCE spectrometer is used for giving the 1H, and 13CNMR spectra at 400.1 and 100 MHz respectively. For recording mass spectra, A FINNIGAN-MAT 8430 spectrometer with an ionization potential of 70 eV was utilized. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) employing a Holland Philips XL30 microscope was used for determination of ZnO nanocomposites morphology. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis at room temperature using a Holland Philips Xpert X-ray powder diffractometer, with CuKα radiation (λ=0.15406 nm), with 2θ ranging from 20 to 80° was employed for characterization of crystalline structure of Fe3O4/CuO nanocomposites. Scherrer's formula; D= 0.9λ/β cosθ was employed for calculating the average crystallite size where D is the diameter of the nanoparticles, λ (CuKα) =1.5406 Å and β is the fullwidth at half-maximum of the diffraction lines. A general way to prepare of compounds 5 The trichloroacetonitrile 1 (2 mmol) and amides 2 (2 mmol) mixed with ZnO-NPs (10 mol%) in water (5 mL). after 45 min amino acids 3 (2 mmol) was added to previous mixture at room temperature. After 30 min α-haloketones 4 (2 mmol) was added to mixture and stirred for 3 h. After 3 h, the reaction is completed and TLC confirms progress of the reaction. At last, the solid residue was collected by filtration and cleaned with EtOAC to removing ZnO-NPs and after evaporating solvent and washing solid with Et2O compounds 5 afforded as pure product.

RESULTS

Without employing catalyst, these reactions have low yield and busy mixture. The synthesis of compound 5a as sample reaction and displayed the ZnO nanoparticles (10 mol%) is the best catalyst for sample reaction and H2O is the very better than other solvent in sample raection. Structures of 5 are confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR mass spectra.

CONCLUSION

In summary, imdazole derivatives were produced in excellent yield from the reaction of trichloroacetonitrile, amides, alkyl bromides and amino acids using ZnO-NPs in water at room temperature. In addition, the power of synthesized imidazole as antioxidant was determined by radical trapping of DPPH and power of reducing ferric analyzes. The tested imidazoles display good radical trapping of DPPH but exhibitted moderate FRAP relative to BHT and TBHQ as synthetic antioxidants.The outcomes of disk diffusion experiment exhibite that synthesized imidazole avoided the bacterial growth. The superiorities of this procedure are environmental, high yield of product and low amounts of catalyst and short time of reaction.

Green Synthesis of Thiazole Derivatives using Multi-component Reaction of Aldehydes, Isothiocyanate and Alkyl Bromides: Investigation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity

Aims & Objective: In this work, the multicomponent reaction of aldehydes, benzoylisothiocyanate and alkyl bromides in the presence of ammonium acetate, sodium cyanide and a catalytic amount of KF/Clinoptilolite nanoparticles (KF/CP NPs) in the water at 100oC was investigated.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In these reactions, thiazole derivatives were produced in good to excellent yields and short time. Also, the antioxidant activity was studied for some newly synthesized compounds using the DPPH radical trapping and reducing of ferric ion experiments and comparing results with the synthetic antioxidants (TBHQ and BHT).

RESULTS

As a result, the compounds 4b showed excellent DPPH radical trapping and reducing the strength of ferric ion. These compounds have biological potential because of the thiazole core. For this reason, the antimicrobial activity of some synthesized compounds was studied by employing the disk diffusion test on Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria.

CONCLUSION

The results of the disk diffusion test showed that these compounds prevented bacterial growth.

Green Synthesis of 4H-pyran Derivatives Using Fe3O4-MNPs as Efficient Nanocatalyst: Study of Antioxidant Activity

Aims & Objective:

In this work, pyran derivatives were synthesized via a multicomponent reaction of ninhydrin, α-haloketones, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and triphenylphosphine in the presence of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4-MNPs) as efficient nanocatalyst in ethanol at room temperature.

Materials & Methods:

The biosynthesis of Fe3O4-MNPs was performed by Clover Leaf water extract. In addition, antioxidant activity was examined for the prepared compounds employing DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reduction activity potential (FRAP) experiment and comparing results with synthetic antioxidants (TBHQ and BHT).

Results:

Compound 5b showed excellent radical trapping activity and good reducing activity relative to standards (BHT and TBHQ).

Conclusion:

Some advantages of this procedure are: the workup of reaction is easy and the products can be separated easily by filtration. Fe3O4-MNPs display a good improvement in the yield of the product and showed significant reusable activity.

ZnO-nanorods Promoted Synthesis of α-amino Nitrile Benzofuran Derivatives using One-pot Multicomponent Reaction of Isocyanides

AIMS AND OBJECTIVE

In this work ZnO-nanorod (ZnO-NR) as reusable catalyst promoted Strecker-type reaction of 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone, isopropenylacetylene, trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN), primary amines and isocyanides at ambient temperature under solvent-free conditions and produced α-amino nitriles benzofuran derivatives in high yields. These synthesized compounds may have antioxidant ability.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

ZnO-NRs in these reactions were prepared according to reported article. 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone 1 (2 mmol) and isopropenylacetylene 2 (2 mmol) were mixed and stirred for 30 min in the presence of ZnO-NR (10 mol%) under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. After 30 min, primary amine 3 (2 mmol) was added to the mixture gently and the mixture was stirred for 15 min. After this time TMSCN 4 (2 mmol) was added to the mixture and stirred for 15 min. After completion of the reaction, as indicated by TLC, isocyanides 5 was added to mixture in the presence of catalyst.

RESULTS

In the first step of this research, the reaction of 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone 1, isopropenylacetylene 2, methyl amine 3a, trimethylsilyle cyanide 4 and tert-butyl isocyanides 5a was used as a sample reaction to attain the best reaction conditions. The results showed this reaction performed with catalyst and did not have any product without catalyst after 12 h.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, we investigate multicomponent reaction of 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone 1, isopropenylacetylene 2, primary amines 3, trimethylsilyl cyanide 4 and isocyanides along with ZnO-NRs as reusable catalyst at room temperature under solvent-free conditions which generates α-amino nitrile benzofuran derivatives in high yields. The advantages of our method are high atom economy, green reaction conditions, higher yield, shorter reaction times, and easy work-up, which are in good agreement with some principles of green chemistry. The compounds 8c exhibit excellent DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP compared to synthetic antioxidants BHT and TBHQ.

KF/Clinoptilolite Nanoparticles as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Green Synthesis of pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolines using Four-Component Reaction of Alkyl Bromides

OBJECTIVE

KF/Clinoptilolite nanoparticles are employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for the preparation of pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives through a four-component reaction of isoquinoline, two different alkyl bromides and an electron deficient internal alkynes at ambient temperature in water as green solvent.

METHODS

In this research, (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical trapping and reducing potential of ferric ion experiments was used for determining antioxidant activity of some newly synthesized compounds such as 5a, 5c, 5f and 5g and comparing results with synthetic antioxidants (TBHQ and BHT).

RESULTS

Compounds 5a, 5c, 5f and 5g display trace DPPH radical trapping and excellent reducing power of ferric ion. Furthermore, the power of some prepared compounds against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was proved by employing the disk dispersion experiment.

CONCLUSION

The obtained results of disk diffusion test showed that compounds 5a, 5d and 5e prevented the bacterial growth. The reported procedure shows the advantages of clean reaction, high yield and simple purification.

Ionic liquid-modified MCM-41-polymer mixed matrix membrane for butanol pervaporation

Because of the preferential butanol selectivity of some ionic liquids (ILs), an increasing amount of research has appeared regarding their application in butanol separation. In this research, two ionic liquids, namely, 1-ethyl-3-vinylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([EVIM][Tf₂N], IL1) and N-octyl-pyridinium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([OMPY][Tf₂N], IL2), were applied to modify a mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41. The IL-modified MCM-41 samples were characterized by XPS, BET, XRD, SEM and TEM. The ionic liquid-modified MCM-41 was incorporated into the polymer PEBA to prepare mixed matrix membranes to study the influences of the filling of IL-modified MCM-41 and operating conditions on the performance of the mixed matrix membrane for butanol pervaporation. The results indicated that the pervaporation performance of the PEBA membrane was enhanced by the incorporation of IL-modified MCM-41. When the temperature of the feeding liquid was 35°C and the mass fraction of butanol was 2.5 wt%, the 5% MCM-41-IL2-PEBA membrane showed a permeation flux of 421.7 g m^-2 h^-1 and a separation factor of 25.4. The permeation flux and the separation factor of the membrane increased as the temperature of the feeding liquid increased. The results of the long-period experiment suggested that the 5% MCM-41-IL2-PEBA membrane exhibited high stability within 100 h of operation.

Copper iodide and ZnO nanoparticles catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of 1,3-cyclopentadiene: study of antioxidant activity

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, as a simple and recyclable catalyst, were easily synthesized and used for the synthesis of 1,3-cyclopentadiene derivatives by a four-component reaction of terminal alkynes, sulfonyl azides, activated acetylenic compounds, and isocyanides in the presence of copper iodide in acetonitrile at room temperature. In these reactions, 1,3-cyclopentadiene derivatives were obtained in good yield and in a short reaction time. In this research, antioxidant activity was investigated for the some newly synthesized compounds such as 5a–5d using the DPPH radical trapping and reducing potential tests of ferric ion and comparing results with synthetic antioxidants (TBHQ and BHT). In this study, compounds 5a–5d show good DPPH radical trapping and excellent reducing power of ferric ion.

A novel one-pot three-component synthesis of benzofuran derivatives via Strecker reaction: Study of antioxidant activity

A three-component Strecker-type reactions was applied for the synthesis of benzofuran derivatives through the reaction of 1-(6-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-1-benzofuran-yl)-1-ethanone (euparin), primary amines and trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) in the presence of catalytic amount of ZnO-nanorods (ZnO-NR) and piperidine in acetonitrile at room temperature. The method has proved to be synthetically simple, and effective with high atom economy and yield. The catalyst also revealed significant reusability. Moreover, the antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity of the newly synthesized such as 4a, 4c, 6a and 6c was screened using free radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays and compared with hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). These compounds exhibit good DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays.