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Dupont J, Leal BC, Lozano P, Monteiro AL, Migowski P, Scholten JD. Ionic Liquids in Metal, Photo-, Electro-, and (Bio) Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5227-5420. [PMID: 38661578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have unique physicochemical properties that make them advantageous for catalysis, such as low vapor pressure, non-flammability, high thermal and chemical stabilities, and the ability to enhance the activity and stability of (bio)catalysts. ILs can improve the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of bio(transformations) by acting as activators of enzymes, selectively dissolving substrates and products, and reducing toxicity. They can also be recycled and reused multiple times without losing their effectiveness. ILs based on imidazolium cation are preferred for structural organization aspects, with a semiorganized layer surrounding the catalyst. ILs act as a container, providing a confined space that allows modulation of electronic and geometric effects, miscibility of reactants and products, and residence time of species. ILs can stabilize ionic and radical species and control the catalytic activity of dynamic processes. Supported IL phase (SILP) derivatives and polymeric ILs (PILs) are good options for molecular engineering of greener catalytic processes. The major factors governing metal, photo-, electro-, and biocatalysts in ILs are discussed in detail based on the vast literature available over the past two and a half decades. Catalytic reactions, ranging from hydrogenation and cross-coupling to oxidations, promoted by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in both single and multiphase conditions, are extensively reviewed and discussed considering the knowledge accumulated until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairton Dupont
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Bárbara C Leal
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Adriano L Monteiro
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Migowski
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Jackson D Scholten
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
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Lyu J, Gao R, Guo Z. Galactosyldiacylglycerols: From a Photosynthesis-Associated Apparatus to Structure-Defined In Vitro Assembling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8910-8928. [PMID: 33793221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Being ubiquitously present in plants, microalgae, and cyanobacteria and as the major constituents of thylakoid membranes, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) make up approximately 52 and 26%, respectively, of chloroplast lipids. Thylakoid membranes harbor the photosynthetic complexes and numerous essential biochemical pathways where MGDG and DGDG play a central role in facilitating photosynthesis light reaction, maintaining chloroplast morphology, and responding to abiotic stresses. Furthermore, these galactolipids are also bioactive compounds with antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory activities and important nutritional value. These characteristics are strictly dependent upon their fatty acyl chain length, olefinic nature, and stereoconfiguration. However, their application potentials are practically untapped, largely as a result of the fact that their availability in large quantity and high purity (structured galactolipids) is challenging. In addition to laborious extraction from natural sources, in vitro assembling of these molecules could be a promising alternative. Thus, this review updates the latest advances in elucidating biosynthesis paths of MGDG and DGDG and related enzyme systems, which present invaluable inspiration to design approaches for a retrosynthesis of galactolipids. More critically, this work summarizes recent developments in the biological and enzymatic syntheses of galactolipids, especially the strategic scenarios for the construction of in vitro enzymatic and/or chemoenzymatic synthesis routes. Protein engineering of enzymes involved in the synthesis of MGDG and DGDG to improve their properties is highlighted, and the applications of galactolipids in foods and medicine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Lyu
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Technical Science, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjun Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Technical Science, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Zhao H. What do we learn from enzyme behaviors in organic solvents? - Structural functionalization of ionic liquids for enzyme activation and stabilization. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107638. [PMID: 33002582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme activity in nonaqueous media (e.g. conventional organic solvents) is typically lower than in water by several orders of magnitude. There is a rising interest of developing new nonaqueous solvent systems that are more "water-like" and more biocompatible. Therefore, we need to learn from the current state of nonaqueous biocatalysis to overcome its bottleneck and provide guidance for new solvent design. This review firstly focuses on the discussion of how organic solvent properties (such as polarity and hydrophobicity) influence the enzyme activity and stability, and how these properties impact the enzyme's conformation and dynamics. While hydrophobic organic solvents usually lead to the maintenance of enzyme activity, solvents carrying functional groups like hydroxys and ethers (including crown ethers and cyclodextrins) can lead to enzyme activation. Ionic liquids (ILs) are designable solvents that can conveniently incorporate these functional groups. Therefore, we systematically survey these ether- and/or hydroxy-functionalized ILs, and find most of them are highly compatible with enzymes leading to high activity and stability. In particular, ILs carrying both ether and tert-alcohol groups are among the most enzyme-activating solvents. Future direction is to learn from enzyme behaviors in both water and nonaqueous media to design biocompatible "water-like" solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, United States.
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Pedersen JN, Liu S, Zhou Y, Balle T, Xu X, Guo Z. Synergistic effects of binary ionic liquid-solvent systems on enzymatic esterification of esculin. Food Chem 2020; 310:125858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ren B, Zhang L, Zhang M. Progress on Selective Acylation of Carbohydrate Hydroxyl Groups. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringXinyang Normal University Nanhu Road 237 Xinyang, Henan 464000 P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringXinyang Normal University Nanhu Road 237 Xinyang, Henan 464000 P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringXinyang Normal University Nanhu Road 237 Xinyang, Henan 464000 P. R. China
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Enhanced synthesis of feruloylated acylglycerols by the lipase-catalyzed transesterification of glyceryl monoferulate with different acyl donors using ionic liquids as reaction solvents. J Biotechnol 2018; 280:31-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Itoh
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering and ‡Center for Research
on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
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Gholivand S, Lasekan O, Tan CP, Abas F, Wei LS. Optimization of enzymatic esterification of dihydrocaffeic acid with hexanol in ionic liquid using response surface methodology. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:44. [PMID: 29086827 PMCID: PMC5446354 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Developing an efficient lipophilization reaction system for phenolic derivatives could enhance their applications in food processing. Low solubility of phenolic acids reduces the efficiency of phenolic derivatives in most benign enzyme solvents. The conversion of phenolic acids through esterification alters their solubility and enhances their use as food antioxidant additives as well as their application in cosmetics. Results This study has shown that lipase-catalyzed esterification of dihydrocaffeic acid with hexanol in ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumbis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide) was the best approach for esterification reaction. In order to achieve the maximum yield, the process was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) based on a five-level and four independent variables such as: dosage of enzyme; hexanol/dihydrocaffeic acid mole ratio; temperature and reaction time. The optimum esterification condition (Y = 84.4%) was predicted to be obtained at temperature of 39.4 °C, time of 77.5 h dosage of enzyme at 41.6% and hexanol/dihydrocaffeic acid mole ratio of 2.1. Conclusion Finally, this study has produced an efficient enzymatic esterification method for the preparation of hexyl dihydrocaffeate in vitro using a lipase in an ionic liquid system. Concentration of hexanol was the most significant (p < 0.05) independent variable that influenced the yield of hexyl dihydrocaffeate.Synthesis of different Hexyl dihydrocaffeates in ionic liquid ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Gholivand
- Department of Food Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ola Lasekan
- Department of Food Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Department of Food Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Leong Sze Wei
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Qi D, Wei W, Diao M, Lv F, Lu Z, Bie X, Zhao H. Enzymatic synthesis and antitumor evaluation of mono- and diesters of 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2016.1247821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danping Qi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mingming Diao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Fengxia Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Haizhen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
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Iribarren AM, Iglesias LE. An update of biocatalytic selective acylation and deacylation of monosaccharides. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23453k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PAMs synthesis requires highly selective reactions, provided by hydrolases. This review updates research on enzymatic acylation and deacylation of monosaccharides, focusing on synthetic useful PAMs and drug-monosaccharide conjugates involving PAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo M. Iribarren
- Department of Science and Technology
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes
- (1876) Bernal
- Argentina
- INGEBI (CONICET)
| | - Luis E. Iglesias
- Department of Science and Technology
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes
- (1876) Bernal
- Argentina
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Adak S, Datta S, Bhattacharya S, Banerjee R. Role of spacer length in interaction between novel gemini imidazolium surfactants and Rhizopus oryzae lipase. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:560-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li L, Ji F, Wang J, Jiang B, Li Y, Bao Y. Efficient mono-acylation of fructose by lipase-catalyzed esterification in ionic liquid co-solvents. Carbohydr Res 2015; 416:51-8. [PMID: 26343327 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fructose monoesters are eco-friendly nonionic surfactants in various applications. Selective preparation of mono-acylated fructose is challenging due to the multiple hydroxyl sites available for acylation both chemically and enzymatically. Ionic liquids (ILs) have profound impacts not only on the reaction media but also on the catalytic properties of enzymes in the acylation process. In this study, utilizing an IL co-solvent system, selective synthesis of mono-acylated fructose with lauric acid catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) was investigated. The imidazolium-based ILs selected as co-solvents with 2-methyl-2-butanol (2M2B) markedly improved the ratios of monolauroyl fructose in the presence of 60% [BMIM][TfO] (v/v) and 20% [BMIM][BF4] (v/v), in which the mono-acylated fructose was 85% and 78% respectively. Based on a Ping-Pong Bi-Bi model, a kinetic equation was fitted, by which the kinetic parameters revealed that the affinity between fructose and acyl-enzyme intermediate was enhanced. The inhibition effect of fructose on free enzyme was weakened in the presence of IL co-solvents. The conformation of CALB binding substrates also changed in the co-solvent system as demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectra. These results demonstrated that the variation of CALB kinetic characteristics was a crucial factor for the selectivity of mono-acylation in ILs/2M2B co-solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fangling Ji
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yachen Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Yongming Bao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Zeng CX, Qi SJ, Xin RP, Yang B, Wang YH. Enzymatic selective synthesis of 1,3-DAG based on deep eutectic solvent acting as substrate and solvent. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hernández Fernández FJ, Pérez de los Ríos A, Quesada-Medina J, Sánchez-Segado S. Ionic Liquids as Extractor Agents and Reaction Media in Ester Synthesis. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201400019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kumar B, Smita K, Kumar B, Cumbal L, Rosero G. Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Solid-Phase Separation of Quercetin from Solid Onion (Allium cepaL.). SEP SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2014.933982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cai Z, Cai J, Li S, Zhang W, Shi S, Zhu X. Biosynthesis of myristyl serinate by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase in two-phase system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mai NL, Ahn K, Bae SW, Shin DW, Morya VK, Koo YM. Ionic liquids as novel solvents for the synthesis of sugar fatty acid ester. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:1565-72. [PMID: 25124865 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sugar fatty acid esters are bio-surfactants known for their non-toxic, non-ionic, and high biodegradability . With great emulsifying and conditioning effects, sugar fatty acids are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Biosynthesis of sugar fatty acid esters has attracted growing attention in recent decades. In this study, the enzymatic synthesis of sugar fatty acid esters in ionic liquids was developed, optimized, and scaled up. Reaction parameters affecting the conversion yield of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of glucose laurate from glucose and vinyl laurate (i.e. temperature, vinyl laurate/glucose molar ratio, and enzyme loads) were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). In addition, production was scaled up to 2.5 L, and recycling of enzyme and ionic liquids was investigated. The results showed that under optimal reaction conditions (66.86 °C, vinyl laurate/glucose molar ratio of 7.63, enzyme load of 73.33 g/L), an experimental conversion yield of 96.4% was obtained which is close to the optimal value predicted by RSM (97.16%). A similar conversion yield was maintained when the reaction was carried out at 2.5 L. Moreover, the enzymes and ionic liquids could be recycled and reused effectively for up to 10 cycles. The results indicate the feasibility of ionic liquids as novel solvents for the biosynthesis of sugar fatty acid esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Lan Mai
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Seitkalieva MM, Grachev AA, Egorova KS, Ananikov VP. Nanoscale organization of ionic liquids and their interaction with peptides probed by 13C NMR spectroscopy. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Babu BM, Kumar GS, Thakur PB, Bangade VM, Meshram H. A mild and novel synthesis of functionalized fused imidazole analogues under environmentally benign reaction media. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Preparation of a Novel Stationary Phase for Separation of Ethylbenzene Hydroperoxides. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tian M, Bi W, Row KH. Multi-phase extraction of glycoraphanin from broccoli using aminium ionic liquid-based silica. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2013; 24:81-86. [PMID: 22777845 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucosinolates, a class of phytochemicals found in broccoli, have attracted recent interest due to the potential health benefits associated with their dietary intake. Glucoraphanin, the most common glucosinolate in broccoli can be converted to a known cancer chemopreventive agent. Multi-phase extraction in solid-phase extraction cartridges was developed to simultaneously extract and separate this compound. OBJECTIVE Multi-phase extraction with functionalised ionic liquid-based silica as a sorbent was used to simultaneously extract and separate glucoraphanin from broccoli. METHODOLOGY The sorbent and broccoli sample were packed into a single cartridge, and a fixed volume of water was then used to extract and remove the target compound from the sample to the sorbent over 15 repetitions. The sorbent was then washed with n-hexane to remove any interference and the target compound was eluted with water-1% acetic acid (vol.). RESULTS Under the optimised condition, 0.038 mg/g of glucoraphanin was obtained by multi-phase extraction with 0.2 g of sorbent. CONCLUSION The adsorption isotherm allowed investigation of the interactions between the sorbent and target compound and provided evidence for the accuracy of this method. The low deviation error, small amount of solvents required, highly selective separation and stability of the method justify further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-Dong, Nam-Ku, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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Tang S, Baker GA, Zhao H. Ether- and alcohol-functionalized task-specific ionic liquids: attractive properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:4030-66. [PMID: 22456483 PMCID: PMC3341508 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the designer nature of ionic liquids (ILs) has driven their exploration and exploitation in countless fields among the physical and chemical sciences. A fair measure of the tremendous attention placed on these fluids has been attributed to their inherent designer nature. And yet, there are relatively few examples of reviews that emphasize this vital aspect in an exhaustive or meaningful way. In this critical review, we systematically survey the physicochemical properties of the collective library of ether- and alcohol-functionalized ILs, highlighting the impact of ionic structure on features such as viscosity, phase behavior/transitions, density, thermostability, electrochemical properties, and polarity (e.g. hydrophilicity, hydrogen bonding capability). In the latter portions of this review, we emphasize the attractive applications of these functionalized ILs across a range of disciplines, including their use as electrolytes or functional fluids for electrochemistry, extractions, biphasic systems, gas separations, carbon capture, carbohydrate dissolution (particularly, the (ligno)celluloses), polymer chemistry, antimicrobial and antielectrostatic agents, organic synthesis, biomolecular stabilization and activation, and nanoscience. Finally, this review discusses anion-functionalized ILs, including sulfur- and oxygen-functionalized analogs, as well as choline-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs), an emerging class of fluids which can be sensibly categorized as semi-molecular cousins to the IL. Finally, the toxicity and biodegradability of ether- and alcohol-functionalized ILs are discussed and cautiously evaluated in light of recent reports. By carefully summarizing literature examples on the properties and applications of oxy-functional designer ILs up till now, it is our intent that this review offers a barometer for gauging future advances in the field as well as a trigger to spur further contemplation of these seemingly inexhaustible and--relative to their potential--virtually untouched fluids. It is abundantly clear that these remarkable fluidic materials are here to stay, just as certain design rules are slowly beginning to emerge. However, in fairness, serendipity also still plays an undeniable role, highlighting the need for both expanded in silico studies and a beacon to attract bright, young researchers to the field (406 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokun Tang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Gary A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Hua Zhao
- Chemistry Program, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
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Bi W, Zhou J, Row KH. SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION OF THREE PHENOLIC ACIDS FROM SALICONIA HERBACEA L. BY DIFFERENT IONIC LIQUID-BASED SILICAS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.608230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Bi
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon , Korea
| | - Jun Zhou
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon , Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Row
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon , Korea
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Thermodynamically based solvent design for enzymatic saccharide acylation with hydroxycinnamic acids in non-conventional media. N Biotechnol 2012; 29:255-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Yang Z, Huang ZL. Enzymatic synthesis of sugar fatty acid esters in ionic liquids. Catal Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cy20109g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ha SH, Anh TV, Lee SH, Koo YM. Effect of ionic liquids on enzymatic synthesis of caffeic acid phenethyl ester. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2011; 35:235-40. [PMID: 21909673 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active flavonoid, plays an important role in the antioxidant activity of honeybee propolis, the isolation of CAPE from honeybee propolis is time-consuming due to wide variety of impurities present. Therefore, biochemical method to synthesize CAPE was investigated in this study. Since ionic liquids (ILs) possess some unique characteristics as appreciated alternatives to conventional solvents for certain biotransformation, the effect of ILs as reaction media for enzymatic synthesis of CAPE was assessed. Several factors including substrate molar ratio, and reaction temperature affecting the conversion yield of lipase-catalyzed CAPE synthesis were also investigated. Reaction yields were significantly higher in hydrophobic ILs than in hydrophilic ILs (almost zero). Among nine hydrophobic ILs tested, the highest conversion of synthetic reaction was obtained in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([Emim][Tf(2)N]). A reaction temperature of 70 °C was found to give high conversion. In addition, optimal substrate molar ratio between phenethyl alcohol and caffeic acid (CA) was decreased significantly from 92:1 to 30:1 when ILs were used instead of isooctane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Ha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Nano-Bio Technology, Hannam University, Daejeon, 305-811, Korea.
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29
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Kobayashi T. Lipase-catalyzed syntheses of sugar esters in non-aqueous media. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:1911-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Molecular imprinting in ionic liquid-modified porous polymer for recognitive separation of three tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:2495-502. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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32
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Tian M, Row KH. SPE of Tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge by using Imprinted Functionalized Ionic Liquid-Modified Silica. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-010-1836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Kowsari MH, Alavi S, Najafi B, Gholizadeh K, Dehghanpisheh E, Ranjbar F. Molecular dynamics simulations of the structure and transport properties of tetra-butylphosphonium amino acid ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:8826-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Hydrogenation of aryl ketones using palladium nanoparticles on single-walled carbon nanotubes in an ionic liquid. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Bi W, Tian M, Row KH. Solid-phase extraction of liquiritin and glycyrrhizin from licorice using porous alkyl-pyridinium polymer sorbent. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2010; 21:496-501. [PMID: 20931626 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liquiritin and glycyrrhizin are valuable components of licorice. An effective separation and determination procedure is needed to separate the liquiritin and glycyrrhizin from the licorice extract. METHODOLOGY A polymer-confined, ionic liquid sorbent was developed using a process involving polymerisation and modification. The obtained porous particles were used as a sorbent in a solid-phase extraction process to isolate liquiritin and glycyrrhizin from licorice with different washing and elution solvents. The porous alkyl-pyridinium polymer sorbent was compared with the C(18) sorbent. RESULTS A simple and convenient method was established to the selectively separate and determinate of liquiritin and glycyrrhizin using a porous ionic liquid-based polymer coupled with HPLC. Additionally, this study evaluated the application of this sorbent for the detection of these two compounds in commercial medicines. CONCLUSION This method was a viable tool that was compatible with the existing HPLC methods and was used to separate and analyse the content of liquiritin and glycyrrhizin in licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Bi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-Dong, Nam-Ku, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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36
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Fernandes P, Cabral JMS. Applied Biocatalysis: An Overview. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527630233.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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37
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Tian M, Bi W, Row KH. Solid-phase extraction of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid from licorice using ionic liquid-based silica sorbent. J Sep Sci 2010; 32:4033-9. [PMID: 19882630 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new ionic liquid-based silica sorbent was developed by a process involving surface chemical modification of commercial silica using a synthesized ionic liquid. The obtained particles were successfully used as a special sorbent in a solid-phase extraction process to isolate liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid from licorice. Different washing and elution solvents, such as water, methanol/water (v/v), and pure methanol were evaluated. Ionic liquid-based silica sorbent was compared with traditional C(18) sorbent and it exhibited higher selectivity. Quantitative analysis was carried out by using a C(18) column. Good linearities of two compounds were obtained from 5x10(-4) to 0.2 mg/mL (r(2)>0.99) with the relative standard deviations <1.0%. The target compounds in commercial herbal medicines containing licorice were determined, and the bound rates between the target compounds and protein were obtained by this sorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
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38
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Tian M, Yan H, Row KH. Solid-Phase Extraction of Caffeine and Theophylline from Green Tea by a New Ionic Liquid-Modified Functional Polymer Sorbent. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903276554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Hernández-Fernández FJ, RÃos APDL, Tomás-Alonso F, Gómez D, VÃllora G. Stability of hydrolase enzymes in ionic liquids. CAN J CHEM ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.20227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Katsoura MH, Polydera AC, Tsironis LD, Petraki MP, Rajačić SK, Tselepis AD, Stamatis H. Efficient enzymatic preparation of hydroxycinnamates in ionic liquids enhances their antioxidant effect on lipoproteins oxidative modification. N Biotechnol 2009; 26:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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42
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Ha SH, Hiep NM, Lee SH, Koo YM. Optimization of lipase-catalyzed glucose ester synthesis in ionic liquids. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2009; 33:63-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-009-0363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Hu Y, Guo Z, Lue BM, Xu X. Enzymatic synthesis of esculin ester in ionic liquids buffered with organic solvents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:3845-3852. [PMID: 19415928 DOI: 10.1021/jf8037488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic esterification of esculin catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) was carried out in ionic liquid (IL)-organic solvent mixed systems in comparison with individual systems. The reaction behaviors in IL-organic solvents were systemically evaluated using acetone as a model solvent. With organic solvents as media, the esterification rates of esculin depended mainly on its solubility in solvents; for the reactions in ILs, the reaction rates were generally low, and the anion part of the IL played a critical role in enzyme activity. Therefore, the esterification of esculin in IL-acetone mixtures made it possible to improve the solubility of esculin while the effects of ILs on lipase activity were minimized. Following the benignity of ILs to lipase activity, the anions of ILs were ranked in the order as [Tf(2)N](-) > [PF(6)](-) > [BF(4)](-) > [CF(3)SO(3)](-) > [C(4)F(9)SO(3)](-) > [TAF](-) > [MDEGSO(4)](-) > [OctSO(4)](-) > [ES](-) = [DMP](-) = [OTs](- )= Cl(-). The reaction behaviors differed in different systems and largely depended on the properties of the ILs and organic solvents. In general, improvements were observed in terms of both solubility and reaction efficiency. The knowledge acquired in this work gives a better understanding of multiple interactions in IL-organic solvent systems, which provide guidance for system design and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Hu
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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44
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Tian M, Yan H, Row KH. Solid-phase extraction of tanshinones from Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge using ionic liquid-modified silica sorbents. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:738-42. [PMID: 19237325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
New ionic liquid-modified silica sorbents were developed by the surface chemical modification of the commercial silica using synthesized ionic liquids. The obtained ionic liquid-modified particles were successfully used as a special sorbent in solid-phase extraction process to isolation of cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA from Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge. Different washing and elution solvents such as water, methanol and methanol-acetic acid (90/10, v/v) were evaluated. A comparison of ionic liquid-modified silica cartridges and traditional silica cartridge show that higher recovery was observed using ionic liquid-modified silica sorbents. A quantitative analysis was conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography using a C(18) column (5 microm, 150 mm x 4.6 mm) with methanol-water (78:22, v/v, and containing 0.5% acetic acid) as a mobile phase. Good linearity was obtained from 0.5 x 10(-4) to 0.5mg/mL (r(2)>0.999) with the relative standard deviations less than 4.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Tian
- Center for Advanced Bio Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
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45
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46
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47
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Husson E, Humeau C, Blanchard F, Framboisier X, Marc I, Chevalot I. Chemo-selectivity of the N,O-enzymatic acylation in organic media and in ionic liquids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Lee SH, Nguyen HM, Koo YM, Ha SH. Ultrasound-enhanced lipase activity in the synthesis of sugar ester using ionic liquids. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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49
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Effect of ionic liquid [BMIM][PF6] on asymmetric reduction of ethyl 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyrate by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:1419-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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de los Ríos AP, Hernández-Fernández FJ, Tomás-Alonso F, Gómez D, Víllora G. Synthesis of esters in ionic liquids. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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