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Martínez-Rodríguez S, Torres JM, Sánchez P, Ortega E. Overview on Multienzymatic Cascades for the Production of Non-canonical α-Amino Acids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:887. [PMID: 32850740 PMCID: PMC7431475 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 22 genetically encoded amino acids (AAs) present in proteins (the 20 standard AAs together with selenocysteine and pyrrolysine), are commonly referred as proteinogenic AAs in the literature due to their appearance in ribosome-synthetized polypeptides. Beyond the borders of this key set of compounds, the rest of AAs are generally named imprecisely as non-proteinogenic AAs, even when they can also appear in polypeptide chains as a result of post-transductional machinery. Besides their importance as metabolites in life, many of D-α- and L-α-"non-canonical" amino acids (NcAAs) are of interest in the biotechnological and biomedical fields. They have found numerous applications in the discovery of new medicines and antibiotics, drug synthesis, cosmetic, and nutritional compounds, or in the improvement of protein and peptide pharmaceuticals. In addition to the numerous studies dealing with the asymmetric synthesis of NcAAs, many different enzymatic pathways have been reported in the literature allowing for the biosynthesis of NcAAs. Due to the huge heterogeneity of this group of molecules, this review is devoted to provide an overview on different established multienzymatic cascades for the production of non-canonical D-α- and L-α-AAs, supplying neophyte and experienced professionals in this field with different illustrative examples in the literature. Whereas the discovery of new or newly designed enzymes is of great interest, dusting off previous enzymatic methodologies by a "back and to the future" strategy might accelerate the implementation of new or improved multienzymatic cascades.
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Xue YP, Cao CH, Zheng YG. Enzymatic asymmetric synthesis of chiral amino acids. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1516-1561. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00253j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the progress achieved in the enzymatic asymmetric synthesis of chiral amino acids from prochiral substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Cheng-Hao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
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Slabu I, Galman JL, Lloyd RC, Turner NJ. Discovery, Engineering, and Synthetic Application of Transaminase Biocatalysts. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iustina Slabu
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James L. Galman
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C. Lloyd
- Dr.
Reddy’s Laboratories, Chirotech Technology Centre, CB4 0PE Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
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Nestl BM, Hammer SC, Nebel BA, Hauer B. New generation of biocatalysts for organic synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3070-95. [PMID: 24520044 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of enzymes as catalysts for the preparation of novel compounds has received steadily increasing attention over the past few years. High demands are placed on the identification of new biocatalysts for organic synthesis. The catalysis of more ambitious reactions reflects the high expectations of this field of research. Enzymes play an increasingly important role as biocatalysts in the synthesis of key intermediates for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry, and new enzymatic technologies and processes have been established. Enzymes are an important part of the spectrum of catalysts available for synthetic chemistry. The advantages and applications of the most recent and attractive biocatalysts--reductases, transaminases, ammonia lyases, epoxide hydrolases, and dehalogenases--will be discussed herein and exemplified by the syntheses of interesting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina M Nestl
- Technische Biochemie, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart (Germany)
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Nestl BM, Hammer SC, Nebel BA, Hauer B. Biokatalysatoren für die organische Synthese - die neue Generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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6
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Layer by layer assembly of catalase and amine-terminated ionic liquid onto titanium nitride nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode: Study of direct voltammetry and bioelectrocatalytic activity. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 753:32-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mathew S, Yun H. ω-Transaminases for the Production of Optically Pure Amines and Unnatural Amino Acids. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300116n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Mathew
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-749, Korea
| | - Hyungdon Yun
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-749, Korea
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Tan S, Tan X, Jiang J, Xu J, Zhang J, Zhao D, Liu L, Huang Z. Hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on poly (vinyl alcohol)/ZnO nanorods composite films. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Koszelewski D, Tauber K, Faber K, Kroutil W. omega-Transaminases for the synthesis of non-racemic alpha-chiral primary amines. Trends Biotechnol 2010; 28:324-32. [PMID: 20430457 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Optically pure amines are highly valuable products or key intermediates for a vast number of bioactive compounds; however, efficient methods for their preparation are rare. omega-Transaminases (TAs) can be applied either for the kinetic resolution of racemic amines or for the asymmetric synthesis of amines from the corresponding ketones. The latter process is more advantageous because it leads to 100% product, and is therefore a major focus of this review. This review summarizes various methodologies for transamination reactions, and provides an overview of omega-TAs that have the potential to be used for the preparation of a broad spectrum of alpha-chiral amines. Recent methodological developments as well as some recently identified novel omega-TAs warrant an update on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Koszelewski
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Biocatalytic asymmetric amination of carbonyl functional groups - a synthetic biology approach to organic chemistry. Biotechnol J 2009; 4:1420-31. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200900110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Koszelewski D, Lavandera I, Clay D, Rozzell D, Kroutil W. Asymmetric Synthesis of Optically Pure Pharmacologically Relevant Amines Employing ω-Transaminases. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Duan G, Li Y, Wen Y, Ma X, Wang Y, Ji J, Wu P, Zhang Z, Yang H. Direct Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis of Hemoglobin/ZnO-Chitosan/nano-Au Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cho BK, Park HY, Seo JH, Kim J, Kang TJ, Lee BS, Kim BG. Redesigning the substrate specificity of omega-aminotransferase for the kinetic resolution of aliphatic chiral amines. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 99:275-84. [PMID: 17680656 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Substrate specificity of the omega-aminotransferase obtained from Vibrio fluvialis (omega-ATVf) was rationally redesigned for the kinetic resolution of aliphatic chiral amines. omega-ATVf showed unique substrate specificity toward aromatic amines with a high enantioselectivity (E > 100) for (S)-enantiomers. However, the substrate specificity of this enzyme was much narrower toward aliphatic amines. To overcome the narrow substrate specificity toward aliphatic amines, we redesigned the substrate specificity of omega-ATVf using homology modeling and the substrate structure- activity relationship. The homology model and the substrate structure-activity relationship showed that the active site of omega-ATVf consists of one large substrate-binding site and another small substrate-binding site. The key determinant in the small substrate-binding site was D25, whose role was expected to mask R415 and to generate the electrostatic repulsion with the substrate's alpha-carboxylate group. In the large substrate-binding site, R256 was predicted to recognize the alpha-carboxylate group of substrate thus obeying the dual substrate recognition mechanism of aminotransferase subgroup II enzymes. Among the several amino acid residues in the large substrate-binding site, W57 and W147, with their bulky side chains, were expected to restrict the recognition of aliphatic amines. Two mutant enzymes, W57G and W147G, showed significant changes in their substrate specificity such that they catalyzed transamination of a broad range of aliphatic amines without losing the original activities toward aromatic amines and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Kwan Cho
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Asymmetric synthesis of unnaturall-amino acids using thermophilic aromaticl-amino acid transaminase. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03026244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lu X, Hu J, Yao X, Wang Z, Li J. Composite System Based on Chitosan and Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid: Direct Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis of Hemoglobin. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:975-80. [PMID: 16529439 DOI: 10.1021/bm050933t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel polymer/room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) composite material based on chitosan (Chi) and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIM.BF(4)) was explored. The composite system can be readily used as an immobilization matrix to entrap proteins and enzymes. Hemoglobin (Hb) was chosen as a model protein to investigate the composite system. A pair of well-defined quasireversible redox peaks of hemoglobin were obtained at the Chi-BMIM.BF(4)-Hb composite-film-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode by direct electron transfer between the protein and the GC electrode. Dramatically enhanced biocatalytic activity was exemplified at the Chi-BMIM.BF(4)-Hb/GC electrode by the reduction of oxygen and trichloroacetic acid. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) suggests that the Chi-BMIM.BF(4)-Hb composite has higher thermal stability than Chi-Hb itself. The Chi-BMIM.BF(4)-Hb film was also characterized by UV-visible spectra, indicating excellent stability in solution and good biocompatibility for protein. The unique composite material based on polymer and ionic liquid can find wide potential applications in direct electrochemistry, biosensors, and biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab. of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Cho BK, Park HY, Seo JH, Kinnera K, Lee BS, Kim BG. Enzymatic resolution for the preparation of enantiomerically enrichedD-?-heterocyclic alanine derivatives usingEscherichia coli aromaticL-amino acid transaminase. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 88:512-9. [PMID: 15459908 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An enzymatic resolution was carried out for the preparation of enriched beta-heterocyclic D-alanine derivatives using Escherichia coli aromatic L-amino acid transaminase. The excess of pyrazole, imidazole, or 1,2,4-triazole reacted with methyl-2-acetamidoacrylate in acetonitrile in the presence of potassium carbonate at 60 degrees C, directly leading to make the potassium salt of the corresponding N-acetyl-beta-heterocyclic alanine derivatives. After the acidic deprotection of the N-acetyl group, 10 mM of racemic pyrazolylalanine, triazolylalanine, and imidazolylalanine were resolved to D-pyrazolylalanine, D-triazolylalanine, and D-imidazolylalanine with 46% (85% ee), 42% (72% ee), and 48% (95% ee) conversion yield in 18 h, respectively, using E. coli aromatic L-amino acid transaminase (EC 2.6.1.5). Although the three beta-heterocyclic L-alanine derivatives have similar molecular structures, they showed different reaction rates and enantioselectivities. The relative reactivities of the transaminase toward the beta-heterocyclic L-alanine derivatives could be explained by the relationship between the substrate binding energy (E, kcal/mol) to the enzyme active site and the distance (delta, A) from the nitrogen of alpha-amino group of the substrates to the C4' carbon of PLP-Lys258 Schiff base. As the ratio of the substrate binding energy (E) to the distance (delta) becomes indicative value of k(cat)/K(M) of the enzyme to the substrate, the relative reactivities of the beta-heterocyclic L-alanine derivatives were successfully correlated with E/delta, and the relationship was confirmed by our experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Kwan Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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