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Sharma K, Bhattacharyya D. Immunoglobulin isotype isolated from human placental extract does not interfere in complement-mediated bacterial opsonization within the wound milieu. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:369-77. [PMID: 25984442 PMCID: PMC4431336 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human placental extract has many applications as a wound healer. Immunoglobulin G is a key glycoprotein present in human placental extract. Placental IgG (25.2 ± 3.97 μg/ml) did not exert anti-complementary effects.
The wound healing potency of an aqueous extract of placenta can be evaluated through the presence of numerous regulatory components. The presence of glycans was detected by thin layer chromatography and fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed the existence of multiple fragments of immunoglobulin G (IgG). IgG was present in the extract at a concentration of 25.2 ± 3.97 μg/ml. IgG possesses anti-complementary activity by diverting the complement activation from target surface. Thus, effect of placental IgG on complement–bacteria interaction was investigated through classical and alternative pathway and the preparation was ascertained to be safe with respect to their interference in the process of bacterial opsonization.
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Key Words
- ANTS, 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonate
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BCIP, 5-Bromo 4-Chloro 3′ indolylphosphate
- BHI, Brain–Heart Infusion
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CNBr, cyanogens bromide
- Complement
- EDTA, ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid
- EGTA, ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid
- G6PDH, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Human placental extract
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- Immunoglobulin
- NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NBT, nitro-blue tetrazolium chloride
- PNGase F, peptide N-glycosidase F
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Sharma
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C.Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 7000032, India
| | - Debasish Bhattacharyya
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C.Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 7000032, India
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Zheng Z, Lee KS, Zhang X, Nguyen C, Hsu C, Wang JZ, Rackohn TM, Enjamuri DR, Murphy M, Ting K, Soo C. Fibromodulin-deficiency alters temporospatial expression patterns of transforming growth factor-β ligands and receptors during adult mouse skin wound healing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90817. [PMID: 24603701 PMCID: PMC3948369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromodulin (FMOD) is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan required for scarless fetal cutaneous wound repair. Interestingly, increased FMOD levels have been correlated with decreased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression in multiple fetal and adult rodent models. Our previous studies demonstrated that FMOD-deficiency in adult animals results in delayed wound closure and increased scar size accompanied by loose package collagen fiber networks with increased fibril diameter. In addition, we found that FMOD modulates in vitro expression and activities of TGF-β ligands in an isoform-specific manner. In this study, temporospatial expression profiles of TGF-β ligands and receptors in FMOD-null and wild-type (WT) mice were compared by immunohistochemical staining and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using a full-thickness, primary intention wound closure model. During the inflammatory stage, elevated inflammatory infiltration accompanied by increased type I TGF-β receptor levels in individual inflammatory cells was observed in FMOD-null wounds. This increased inflammation was correlated with accelerated epithelial migration during the proliferative stage. On the other hand, significantly more robust expression of TGF-β3 and TGF-β receptors in FMOD-null wounds during the proliferative stage was associated with delayed dermal cell migration and proliferation, which led to postponed granulation tissue formation and wound closure and increased scar size. Compared with WT controls, expression of TGF-β ligands and receptors by FMOD-null dermal cells was markedly reduced during the remodeling stage, which may have contributed to the declined collagen synthesis capability and unordinary collagen architecture. Taken together, this study demonstrates that a single missing gene, FMOD, leads to conspicuous alternations in TGF-β ligand and receptor expression at all stages of wound repair in various cell types. Therefore, FMOD critically coordinates temporospatial distribution of TGF-β ligands and receptors in vivo, suggesting that FMOD modulates TGF-β bioactivity in a complex way beyond simple physical binding to promote proper wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin S. Lee
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xinli Zhang
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Calvin Nguyen
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chingyun Hsu
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joyce Z. Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, State University of New York Downstate/Kings Country Hospital Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Todd Matthew Rackohn
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Dwarak Reddy Enjamuri
- Department of Psychobiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Maxwell Murphy
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kang Ting
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chia Soo
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Ghebrehiwet B, Peerschke EIB. Purification of C1q receptors and functional analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1100:319-27. [PMID: 24218271 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-724-2_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recognition subunit of C1, C1q, has emerged as an important player in various pathophysiologic conditions largely in part due to its ability to interact with pathogen-associated or cell surface expressed ligands and receptors. Identification and purification of these molecules is therefore of paramount importance if we are to procure valuable information with regards to the structure, function, and cell surface distribution. Since the interaction of C1q is better served when the receptors are purified from homologous species, we discuss here a simple guideline for the purification and characterization of the two C1q receptors, cC1qR (calreticulin) and gC1qR, from human cell lines.
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Ghebrehiwet B, Ji Y, Valentino A, Pednekar L, Ramadass M, Habiel D, Kew RR, Hosszu KH, Galanakis DK, Kishore U, Peerschke EIB. Soluble gC1qR is an autocrine signal that induces B1R expression on endothelial cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 192:377-84. [PMID: 24319267 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) is one of the most potent vasodilator agonists known and belongs to the kinin family of proinflammatory peptides. BK induces its activity via two G protein-coupled receptors: BK receptor 1 (B1R) and BK receptor 2. Although BK receptor 2 is constitutively expressed on endothelial cells (ECs), B1R is induced by IL-1β. The C1q receptor, receptor for the globular heads of C1q (gC1qR), which plays a role in BK generation, is expressed on activated ECs and is also secreted as soluble gC1qR (sgC1qR). Because sgC1qR can bind to ECs, we hypothesized that it may also serve as an autocrine/paracrine signal for the induction of B1R expression. In this study, we show that gC1qR binds to ECs via a highly conserved domain consisting of residues 174-180, as assessed by solid-phase binding assay and deconvolution fluorescence microscopy. Incubation of ECs (24 h, 37 °C) with sgC1qR resulted in enhancement of B1R expression, whereas incubation with gC1qR lacking aa 174-180 and 154-162 had a diminished effect. Binding of sgC1qR to ECs was through surface-bound fibrinogen and was inhibited by anti-fibrinogen. In summary, our data suggest that, at sites of inflammation, sgC1qR can enhance vascular permeability by upregulation of B1R expression through de novo synthesis, as well as rapid translocation of preformed B1R.
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Dembitzer FR, Kinoshita Y, Burstein D, Phelps RG, Beasley MB, Garcia R, Harpaz N, Jaffer S, Thung SN, Unger PD, Ghebrehiwet B, Peerschke EI. gC1qR expression in normal and pathologic human tissues: differential expression in tissues of epithelial and mesenchymal origin. J Histochem Cytochem 2012; 60:467-74. [PMID: 22638269 DOI: 10.1369/0022155412440882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gC1qR (i.e., gC1q receptor, gC1q binding protein, p32, p33) is a multifunctional cellular protein that interacts with components of the complement, kinin, and coagulation cascades and select microbial pathogens. Enhanced gC1qR expression has been reported in adenocarcinomas arising in a variety of organs. The present study compared gC1qR expression in normal, inflammatory, dysplastic, and malignant tissue of epithelial and mesenchymal origin. gC1qR expression was visualized in tissue sections by immunohistochemistry using the 60.11 monoclonal antibody (i.e., IgG(1) mouse monoclonal antibody directed against gC1qR) and the UltraVision LP Detection System. Sections were counterstained with hematoxylin and examined by light microscopy. Strongest gC1qR expression was noted in epithelial tumors of breast, prostate, liver, lung, and colon, as well as in squamous and basal cell carcinoma of the skin. However, increased gC1qR staining was appreciated also in inflammatory and proliferative lesions of the same cell types, as well as in normal continuously dividing cells. In contrast, tumors of mesenchymal origin generally stained weakly, with the exception of osteoblasts, which stained in both benign and malignant tissues. The data suggest that increased gC1qR expression may be a marker of benign and pathologic cell proliferation, particularly in cells of epithelial origin, with potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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