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Li B, Pan L, Liu C, Zhang X. Molecular dynamics investigation of structure evolution and thermodynamics of Ni-Fe nanoparticles during inert gas condensation. J Mol Model 2021; 27:288. [PMID: 34536146 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles is relevant to many applications in the fields of catalysis, energy storage, and biomedicine. Understanding the growth mechanisms and morphology of nanoparticles during inert gas condensation is crucial to rationally improve the performance of the final nanoparticles. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to study the structural and thermodynamic behavior of Ni-Fe nanoparticles from homogenous vapor phase in Ar atmosphere. It is revealed that the final morphology of the resulting nanoparticles presents a spherical shape by cluster coalescence at high temperatures where the small clusters are liquid droplets prior to their collisions. However, probabilistic nucleation and cluster growth indicate that the occurrence of spherical shape is more controlled by the probability limits for different Fe concentrations. Meanwhile, a larger inert gas density induces a more efficient cooling effect leading to a larger probability control of the cluster formation with non-spherical shape by agglomeration. Furthermore, the solidification of the as-formed Ni-Fe clusters is examined by evaluating the evolution of crystalline and amorphous structure. The linear scaling-down dependence of the solidification temperature on the reciprocal of the nanoparticle size clearly signifies a linear size-depression effect for the liquid-to-solid phase change of Ni-Fe nanoparticles. Our findings thus extend the current understanding of inert gas condensation behavior and mechanisms of Ni-Fe nanoparticles from an atomic/molecular perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Lei Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Changan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Ba TL, Bohus M, Lukács IE, Wongwises S, Gróf G, Hernadi K, Szilágyi IM. Comparative Study of Carbon Nanosphere and Carbon Nanopowder on Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:608. [PMID: 33671055 PMCID: PMC8000812 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A comparative research on stability, viscosity (µ), and thermal conductivity (k) of carbon nanosphere (CNS) and carbon nanopowder (CNP) nanofluids was performed. CNS was synthesized by the hydrothermal method, while CNP was provided by the manufacturer. Stable nanofluids at high concentrations 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 vol% were prepared successfully. The properties of CNS and CNP nanoparticles were analyzed with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), specific surface area (SBET), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The CNP nanofluids have the highest k enhancement of 10.61% for 1.5 vol% concentration compared to the base fluid, while the CNS does not make the thermal conductivity of nanofluids (knf) significantly higher. The studied nanofluids were Newtonian. The relative µ of CNS and CNP nanofluids was 1.04 and 1.07 at 0.5 vol% concentration and 30 °C. These results can be explained by the different sizes and crystallinity of the used nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thong Le Ba
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem Rakpart 3., 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (M.B.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Marcell Bohus
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem Rakpart 3., 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (M.B.); (I.M.S.)
| | - István Endre Lukács
- Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege M. út 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Somchai Wongwises
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod, Bangkok 10140, Thailand;
- National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Gyula Gróf
- Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Klara Hernadi
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Institute of Physical Metallurgy, Metal Forming and Nanotechnology, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
| | - Imre Miklós Szilágyi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem Rakpart 3., 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (M.B.); (I.M.S.)
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Wang G, Zhang Z, Wang R, Zhu Z. A Review on Heat Transfer of Nanofluids by Applied Electric Field or Magnetic Field. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2386. [PMID: 33260487 PMCID: PMC7760193 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanofluids are considered to be a next-generation heat transfer medium due to their excellent thermal performance. To investigate the effect of electric fields and magnetic fields on heat transfer of nanofluids, this paper analyzes the mechanism of thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids, the chaotic convection and the heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids in the presence of an applied electric field or magnetic field through the method of literature review. The studies we searched showed that applied electric field and magnetic field can significantly affect the heat transfer performance of nanofluids, although there are still many different opinions about the effect and mechanism of heat transfer. In a word, this review is supposed to be useful for the researchers who want to understand the research state of heat transfer of nanofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruijin Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzou 310000, China; (G.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zefei Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzou 310000, China; (G.W.); (Z.Z.)
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Influence of Single- and Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes on Magnetohydrodynamic Stagnation Point Nanofluid Flow over Variable Thicker Surface with Concave and Convex Effects. MATHEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/math8010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a theoretical study on the magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat exchange of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based nanoliquid over a variable thicker surface. Two types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are accounted for saturation in base fluid. Particularly, the single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, best known as SWCNTs and MWCNTs, are used. Kerosene oil is taken as the base fluid for the suspension of nanoparticles. The model involves the impact of the thermal radiation and induced magnetic field. However, a tiny Reynolds number is assumed to ignore the magnetic induction. The system of nonlinear equations is obtained by reasonably adjusted transformations. The analytic solution is obtained by utilizing a notable procedure called optimal homotopy analysis technique (O-HAM). The impact of prominent parameters, such as the magnetic field parameter, Brownian diffusion, Thermophoresis, and others, on the dimensionless velocity field and thermal distribution is reported graphically. A comprehensive discussion is given after each graph that summarizes the influence of the respective parameters on the flow profiles. The behavior of the friction coefficient and the rate of heat transfer (Nusselt number) at the surface (y = 0) are given at the end of the text in tabular form. Some existing solutions of the specific cases have been checked as the special case of the solution acquired here. The results indicate that MWCNTs cause enhancement in the velocity field compared with SWCNTs when there is an increment in nanoparticle volume fraction. Furthermore, the temperature profile rises with an increment in radiation estimator for both SWCNT and MWCNT and, finally, the heat transfer rate lessens for increments in the magnetic parameter for both types of nanotubes.
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