Mineral acid monitored physicochemical studies of oil-in-water nanoemulsions

Spiroheterocyclic Photocatalyst for Reducing QHIn-Persistent Pollutants, Dyes, and Transition-Metal Ions Cocatalyzed with Electrolytes

The 7-nitro-2'-phenyl-5',6',7',7a'-tetrahydrospiro[indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-11,3'-pyrrolizine]-1',1'(2'H)-dicarbonitrile (SIQPI), 2'-(4-cyanophenyl)-7-nitro-5',6',7',7a'-tetrahydrospiro[indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-11,3'-pyrrolizine]-1',1'(2'H) dicarbonitrile (SIQPII), and 2'-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-nitro-5',6',7',7a'-tetrahydrospiro[indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-11,3'-pyrrolizine]-1',1'(2'H)-dicarbonitrile (SIQPIII) were used to photocatalyze quinonoid phenolphthalein (QHIn) in aq-ACN-EtOH (mixed solvent) with NaCl and KCl electrolytes. SIQPI, II, and III spiroindenoquinoxaline pyrrolidines (SIQPs) as spiroheterocyclic photocatalysts alone could not reduce QHIn, but with the addition of electrolytes they are reduced via π cationic interactions (PCI). SIQPI, II, and III with NaCl reduced QHIn in 120, 28, and 50 min, unlike in 138, 58, and 63 min with KCl in mixed solvent. SIQPI, II, and III alone have reduced methylene blue (MB) in 120, 45, and 70 min, unlike in 110, 27, and 55 min with graphene oxide (GO), whereas with NaCl and KCl hey are reduced in 82, 36, and 44 min and 89, 43, and 50 min, respectively. SIQPs with GO had reduced MB in less time than the SIQPs alone, and SIQPs with NaCl had reduced QHIn in a shorter time than KCl. The electrolytes have cocatalyzed a reduction of dyes under sunlight (SL). The electrolytes have reduced a quinonoid structure (QS) and dyes by generating negative and positive (e ^- and h ⁺) holes in a shorter time. SIQPII and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of 58 nm with NaCl photocatalyzed the QHIn in 2880 min. The SIQPs also reduced methyl orange (MO) and brilliant blue R (BBR) at variable temperature (T) and pH range, whereas SIQPs have developed a molecular organic framework (MOF) with transition-metal salts (NiCl₂, CrO₃, KMnO₄, CuSO₄, and MnCl₂) on photocatalysis.

Physico-chemical and spectroscopic investigation of flavonoid dispersed C n TAB micelles

In this study, kaempferol (0.2 m/mmol kg-1) dispersed cationic surfactant micelles were prepared as a function of alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (C n TAB) hydrophobicity (C = 12 to C = 16). The dispersion study of kaempferol in different C n TAB, i.e. dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C = 12), tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C = 14) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C = 16), was conducted with the physico-chemical properties of density, sound velocity, viscosity, surface tension, isentropic compressibility, acoustic impedance, surface excess concentration and area occupied per molecule and thermodynamic parameters Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and activation energy measured at 298.15 K. These properties were measured with varying concentration of C n TAB from 0.0260 to 0.0305 mol kg-1 in a 10% (w/w) aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide solvent system. The variations in these measured properties have been used to infer the kaempferol dispersion stability via hydrophobic-hydrophilic, hydrophilic-hydrophilic, van der Waals, hydrogen bonding and other non-covalent interactions.

Twitter sentiment analysis of app based online food delivery companies

Purpose

There is a strong need for companies to monitor customer-generated content of social media, not only about themselves but also about competitors, to deal with competition and to assess competitive environment of the business. The purpose of this paper is to help companies with social media competitive analysis and transformation of social media data into knowledge creation for decision-makers, specifically for app-based food delivery companies.

Design/methodology/approach

Three online app-based food delivery companies, i.e. Swiggy, Zomato and UberEats, were considered in this study. Twitter was used as the data collection platform where customer’s tweets related to all three companies are fetched using R-Studio and Lexicon-based sentiment analysis method is applied on the tweets fetched for the companies. A descriptive analytical method is used to compute the score of different sentiments. A negative and positive sentiment word list is created to match the word present on the tweets and based on the matching positive, negative and neutral sentiments score are decided. The sentiment analysis is a best method to analyze consumer’s text sentiment. Lexicon-based sentiment classification is always preferable than machine learning or other model because it gives flexibility to make your own sentiment dictionary to classify emotions. To perform tweets sentiment analysis, lexicon-based classification method and text mining were performed on R-Studio platform.

Findings

Results suggest that Zomato (26% positive sentiments) has received more positive sentiments as compared to the other two companies (25% positive sentiments for Swiggy and 24% positive sentiments for UberEats). Negative sentiments for the Zomato was also low (12% negative sentiments) compared to Swiggy and UberEats (13% negative sentiments for both). Further, based on negative sentiments concerning all the three food delivery companies, tweets were analyzed and recommendations for business provided.

Research limitations/implications

The results of this study reveal the value of social media competitive analysis and show the power of text mining and sentiment analysis in extracting business value and competitive advantage. Suggestions, business and research implications are also provided to help companies in developing a social media competitive analysis strategy.

Originality/value

Twitter analysis of food-based companies has been performed.

Hydrophobics of C n TAB in an aqueous DMSO-BSA nanoemulsion for the monodispersion of flavonoids

Herein, philicphobic interactions between flavonoids (quercetin, apigenin, and naringenin) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were analyzed using physicochemical properties obtained at T = 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 K and 0.1 MPa, from 0.01 to 0.10 mol kg-1 of alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (C n TAB : DTAB, C n = 12; TDTAB, C n = 14; HDTAB, C n = 16). The flavonoids with cationic surfactants strongly interacted with BSA, as illustrated by the physicochemical parameters (PCPs), refractive index (n D), Walden product, pH, electrostatic potential and molar conductance (Λ m). Viscosity (η), density (ρ), η D, sound velocity (u) and specific conductance (k) data were used to calculate the relative viscosity (η r), viscous relaxation time (τ), Walden product, entropy (ΔS), enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG), heat capacity (Δq) limiting dielectric constant (ε ∞), speed of light (C), acoustic impedance (Z) and molar refraction (R). These PCPs have quantitatively predicted the hydrophilic and hydrophobic (philicphobic) interactions developed are on increasing the alkyl chain (AC) of C n TAB. These interactions assist a monodispersion of the flavonoids, and a similar mechanism could equally be applicable to monodisperse the antioxidants in the aqueous nanoemulsions. Their philicphobic stoichiometry weakened the cohesive forces (CF) when the shear stress was increased, and enhanced surface activities were achieved that facilitated the flavonoids to interact with BSA due to intermolecular forces (IMF) to develop a stable nanoemulsion; Upon increasing the C n TAB concentrations, the n D value increases since the polarizability increases with stronger shear stress due to van der Waal forces and electrostatic interactions to achieve better flavonoid-BSA linkages.

Philic-phobic chemical dynamics of a 1st tier dendrimer dispersed o/w nanoemulsion

Olive, castor and linseed oil (oil-in-water) nanoemulsions were prepared using Tween-20, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (0.12 w/w%) with 0.02 w/w% cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), 0.02 w/w% cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), 6.2 w/w% ethyl acetate, 5.5 w/w% ethanol and 7.8 w/w% glycerol as dispersion agents. To study the dispersion effect of trimesoyl 1,3,5-tridimethyl malonate (TTDMM, 1st tier), nanoemulsions were prepared with olive, castor and linseed oil. Their density, viscosity, surface tension and friccohesity measurements at T = (293.15, 303.15, and 315.15) K, hydrodynamic radii, surface excess concentration, surface area per molecule, and antioxidant activities were studied. Dispersion variations of TTDMM on varying surfactant and specific interactions of the hydration spheres and ester moiety of TTDMM with ethyl acetate, ethanol and glycerol linked oil-water-surfactant networks have been established. The variations in physicochemical properties suggest that the oil-TTDMM interaction abilities of the surfactant and co-surfactant moieties in the nanoemulsions cause a hydrophobic segregation. The physicochemical study of both blank and TTDMM loaded nanoemulsions have illustrated the thermodynamic stabilities in terms of hydrophobic-hydrophilic, hydrophilic-hydrophilic, van der Waals and hydrogen bonding interactions.

Designing of fatty acid-surfactant conjugate based nanomicelles of morin hydrate for simultaneously enhancing anticancer activity and oral bioavailability

Morin hydrate (MH) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic flavonol compound. It has been recently investigated for its many biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antiarthritic, antifertility, antiplasmodic and anticancer. Though these outcomes are very promising, its low aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability restrict its clinical uses. Therefore, in this study we report pluronic F68 and stearic acid conjugated (F68-SA) nanomicelles for increasing oral bioavailability of MH. The MH loaded F68-SA nanomicelles (MHNM) were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. The MHNM were extensively characterized for the size, surface charge, stability, morphology, critical micelle concentration, drug content, and in-vitro drug release. The cell viability assay depicted a significant increase in cytotoxicity of MH against A549 human lung cancer cells after incubating as MHNM. Exposure of A549 cells to MHNM induced cell apoptosis in the cells as observed in apoptosis studies. Pharmacokinetic studies in Sprague-Dawley rats revealed that MHNM significantly increased the oral bioavailability of MH as compared to pure drug. Therefore, the novel, surfactant-lipid based micellar system is an effective solubilizing and delivering system for oral administration of poorly water soluble drugs like MH.

Determination of solubility, stability and degradation kinetics of morin hydrate in physiological solutions

Natural drugs have emerged as potential alternatives to synthetic drugs to avoid their toxic effects. Morin hydrate (MH) is a natural therapeutic agent, obtained from Maclura pomifera, Maclura tinctoria and Psidium guajava. Solubility and degradation kinetics of morin hydrate in different physiological media, namely, 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2), sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0), water (pH 7.0), phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4) and tris base (pH 9.0), were investigated via classical spectroscopic methods. Stability studies of MH were performed to determine the effect of different pH media, temperature (room and freeze) and light on the degradation kinetics. Solubility and stability of MH varied significantly in different biological media and storage conditions. Solubility of MH was pH-dependent and increased with the increase in pH. Degradation kinetics and regression values (r²) values were calculated from the linear fitted models of zero, first and second order kinetics.

The stability of morin hydrate depends on pH, temperature, and light.