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Boota MW, Soomro SEH, Xia H, Qin Y, Kakakhel MA, Yan C, Weiran L, Xu J. Distribution and bioaccumulation of trace elements in two Cyprinidae fish species in the Indus river, Pakistan, including the impact of hydraulic structure on macroinvertebrates' biodiversity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118882. [PMID: 38582426 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The concentration of trace elements (chromium, lead, zinc, copper, manganese, and iron) was determined in water, sediment and tissues of two Cyprinidae fish species - Labeo rohita and Tor putitora - collected from the eight sampling stations of Indus River in 2022 for four successive seasons (autumn, winter, spring, summer), and also study the present condition of macroinvertebrates after the construction of hydraulic structure. The obtained results of trace element concentrations in the Indus River were higher than the acceptable drinking water standards by WHO. The nitrate concentration ranges from 5.2 to 59.6 mg l-1, turbidity ranges from 3.00 to 63.9 NTU, total suspended solids and ammonium ions are below the detection limit (<0.05). In the liver, highest dry wt trace elements (μg/g) such as Cr (4.32), Pb (7.07), Zn (58.26), Cu (8.38), Mn (50.27), and Fe (83.9) for the Labeo rohita; and Tor Putitora has significantly greater accumulated concentration (Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe) in muscle and liver than did Labeo rohita species. Additionally, lower number of macroinvertebrates were recorded during the monsoonal season than pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. Local communities surrounded by polluted environments are more probably to consume more fish and expose them to higher concentrations of toxic trace elements (lead and copper). The findings also provide a basis for broader ecological management of the Indus River, which significantly influenced human beings and socioeconomic disasters, particularly in the local community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem Boota
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development and Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization Jointly Built by Henan Province and Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Shan-E-Hyder Soomro
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Haoming Xia
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development and Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization Jointly Built by Henan Province and Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Yaochen Qin
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Mian Adnan Kakakhel
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Chaode Yan
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Luo Weiran
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Jikun Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Shaukat A, Zaidi A, Anwar H, Kizilbash N. Mechanism of the antidiabetic action of Nigella sativa and Thymoquinone: a review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1126272. [PMID: 37818339 PMCID: PMC10561288 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1126272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Long used in traditional medicine, Nigella sativa (NS; Ranunculaceae) has shown significant efficacy as an adjuvant therapy for diabetes mellitus (DM) management by improving glucose tolerance, decreasing hepatic gluconeogenesis, normalizing blood sugar and lipid imbalance, and stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic cells. In this review, the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of NS as a herbal diabetes medication are examined in depth, demonstrating how it counteracts oxidative stress and the onset and progression of DM. Methods This literature review drew on databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed and various gray literature sources using search terms like the etiology of diabetes, conventional versus herbal therapy, subclinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, physiology, behavior, and clinical outcomes. Results The efficiency and safety of NS in diabetes, notably its thymoquinone (TQ) rich volatile oil, have drawn great attention from researchers in recent years; the specific therapeutic dose has eluded determination so far. TQ has anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties but has not proved druggable. DM's intimate link with oxidative stress, makes NS therapy relevant since it is a potent antioxidant that energizes the cell's endogenous arsenal of antioxidant enzymes. NS attenuates insulin resistance, enhances insulin signaling, suppresses cyclooxygenase-2, upregulates insulin-like growth factor-1, and prevents endothelial dysfunction in DM. Conclusion The interaction of NS with mainstream drugs, gut microbiota, and probiotics opens new possibilities for innovative therapies. Despite its strong potential to treat DM, NS and TQ must be examined in more inclusive clinical studies targeting underrepresented patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Shaukat
- Department of Physiology, Government College University - GCU, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Zaidi
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College - NIBGE-C, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences - PIEAS, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University - GCU, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Kizilbash
- Department Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
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Kwan K, Han AY, Mukdad L, Barragan F, Selim O, Alhiyari Y, St. John M. Anticancer effects of thymoquinone in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A scoping review. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2023; 8:876-885. [PMID: 37731860 PMCID: PMC10508265 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Thymoquinone (TQ), the active constituent of Nigella sativa, has been shown to have anticancer effects in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This review aims to outline the properties of TQ, the known drivers in HNSCC formation, and summarize the anticancer effects of TQ in SCC. Data Sources Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar) were queried for the key words "thymoquinone squamous cell carcinoma." Review Methods Publications that were not original research and publications that did not have full-text available for review were excluded. Results Sixteen research articles met the inclusion criteria. Our review demonstrates that TQ-induced cytotoxicity is associated with increased expression and activity of the tumor suppressor p53, proapoptotic proteins Bax and caspases, as well as decreased expression and activity of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Mdm2. Additionally, TQ modulates cell-survival pathways such as the PI3k/Akt pathway. TQ synergizes with therapeutics including cisplatin and radiation. Early TQ administration may prevent carcinogenesis via upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, and TQ administration in the presence of cancer can result in disease mitigation via induction of oxidative stress. Conclusion TQ acts as an upregulator of proapoptotic pathways and downregulator of antiapoptotic pathways, modulates the oxidative stress balance in tumor development, and works synergistically alongside other chemotherapeutics to increase cytotoxicity. TQ has the potential to prevent carcinogenesis in patients who are at high-risk for SCC and adjuvant treatment for SCC patients undergoing conventional treatments. Future studies should aim to identify specific populations in which TQ's effects would be the most beneficial. Level of Evidence Not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kera Kwan
- UCLA Department of SurgeryUniversity of California Los AngelesCaliforniaLos AngelesUSA
| | - Albert Y. Han
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Laith Mukdad
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer SurgeryUniversity of California Los AngelesCaliforniaLos AngelesUSA
| | - Frida Barragan
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer SurgeryUniversity of California Los AngelesCaliforniaLos AngelesUSA
| | - Omar Selim
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer SurgeryUniversity of California Los AngelesCaliforniaLos AngelesUSA
| | - Yazeed Alhiyari
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer SurgeryUniversity of California Los AngelesCaliforniaLos AngelesUSA
| | - Maie St. John
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer SurgeryUniversity of California Los AngelesCaliforniaLos AngelesUSA
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Eid EEM, Almaiman AA, Alshehade SA, Alsalemi W, Kamran S, Suliman FO, Alshawsh MA. Characterization of Thymoquinone-Sulfobutylether-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex for Anticancer Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104096. [PMID: 37241838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is a quinone derived from the black seed Nigella sativa and has been extensively studied in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical research due to its therapeutic potential and pharmacological properties. Although the chemopreventive and potential anticancer effects of TQ have been reported, its limited solubility and poor delivery remain the major limitations. In this study, we aimed to characterize the inclusion complexes of TQ with Sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) at four different temperatures (293-318 K). Additionally, we compared the antiproliferative activity of TQ alone to TQ complexed with SBE-β-CD on six different cancer cell lines, including colon, breast, and liver cancer cells (HCT-116, HT-29, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, SK-BR-3, and HepG2), using an MTT assay. We calculated the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG) using the van't Holf equation. The inclusion complexes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR), and molecular dynamics using the PM6 model. Our findings revealed that the solubility of TQ was improved by ≥60 folds, allowing TQ to penetrate completely into the cavity of SBE-β-CD. The IC50 values of TQ/SBE-β-CD ranged from 0.1 ± 0.01 µg/mL against SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cells to 1.2 ± 0.16 µg/mL against HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells, depending on the cell line. In comparison, the IC50 values of TQ alone ranged from 0.2 ± 0.01 µg/mL to 4.7 ± 0.21 µg/mL. Overall, our results suggest that SBE-β-CD can enhance the anticancer effect of TQ by increasing its solubility and bioavailability and cellular uptake. However, further studies are necessary to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and potential side effects of using SBE-β-CD as a drug delivery system for TQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eltayeb E M Eid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer A Almaiman
- Unit of Scientific Research, Applied College, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wardah Alsalemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sareh Kamran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - FakhrEldin O Suliman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman
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Guan Y, Yang Z, Wu K, Ji H. Crystallization Thermodynamics of α-Lactose Monohydrate in Different Solvents. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091774. [PMID: 36145520 PMCID: PMC9506588 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is common to find that some of the lactose in dairy powders and pharmaceutical tablets is present in the unstable amorphous state. Therefore, their crystallization thermodynamics in different solvents are particularly important. In this paper, the solubility of α-lactose monohydrate (α-LM) in 15 mono-solvents such as ethanol, isopropanol, methanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, 1-pentanol, isoamylol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, propanoic acid, acetonitrile, and cyclohexanone was evaluated by using the gravimetric method in the temperature ranges from 274.05 K to 323.05 K at constant pressure (1 atm). In the given temperature range, the solubility of α-LM in these solvents increased with the rising of temperature, the highest solubility of α-LM was found in methanol (2.37 × 104), and the lowest was found in 1-hexanol (0.80 × 105). In addition, the increase of α-LM solubility in isopropanol was the largest. The sequence at 298.15 K was: methanol > 1-butanol > isopropanol > ethanol > 1-propanol > 1-heptanol > isobutanol > propionic acid > 1-pentanol > 1-octanol > acetonitrile > isoamylol > 2-butanol > cyclohexanone > 1-hexanol. Solvent effect analysis shows that the properties of α-LM are more important than those of solvents. The Apelblat equation, λh equation, Wilson model, and NRTL model were used to correlate the experimental values. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and relative average deviation (RAD) of all models were less than 2.68 × 10−2 and 1.41 × 10−6, respectively, implying that the fitted values of four thermodynamic models all agreed well with the experimental values. Moreover, the thermodynamic properties of the dissolution process (i.e., dissolution Gibbs free energy (ΔdisG), molar enthalpy (ΔdisH), and molar entropy (ΔdisS)) for α-LM in selected solvents were determined. The results indicate that ΔdisH/(J/mol) (from 0.2551 to 6.0575) and ΔdisS/(J/mol/K) (from 0.0010 to 0.0207) of α-LM in these solvents are all positive, and the values of ΔdisH and ΔdisS. ΔdisG/(J/mol) (from −0.0184 to −0.6380) are all negative. The values were observed to decrease with rising temperatures, implying that α-LM dissolution is an endothermic, entropy-driven, and spontaneous process. The solid−liquid equilibrium data and dissolution thermodynamics of α-LM were obtained, which provide a basis for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youliang Guan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zujin Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (H.J.)
| | - Kui Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China
| | - Hongbing Ji
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (H.J.)
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Khan FZ, Mostaid MS, Apu MNH. Molecular Signaling Pathway Targeted Therapeutic Potential of Thymoquinone in Alzheimer’s disease. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09874. [PMID: 35832342 PMCID: PMC9272348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with rapid progression. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) is a nutraceutical that has been investigated as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for this disease due to its ability to prevent or retard the progression of neurodegeneration. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main bioactive compound isolated from the seeds of black cumin. Several reports have shown that it has promising potential in the prevention and treatment of AD due to its significant antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties along with several other mechanisms that target the altered signaling pathways due to the disease pathogenesis. In addition, it shows anticholinesterase activity and prevents α-synuclein induced synaptic damage. The aim of this review is to summarize the potential aspects and mechanisms by which TQ imparts its action in AD.
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Foudah AI, Shakeel F, Alqarni MH, Ross SA, Salkini MA, Alam P. Green NP-HPTLC and green RP-HPTLC methods for the determination of thymoquinone: A contrast of validation parameters and greenness assessment. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:184-193. [PMID: 34227167 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thymoquinone (TQ) is a naturally derived bioactive compound with several therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVE The highly sensitive, rapid and green normal-phase (NP)/reversed-phase (RP) high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) densitometry technique was developed for the determination of TQ in various plant extracts of different geographical regions, commercial capsules, creams and essential oils. METHODOLOGY The NP densitometry estimation of TQ was performed using a cyclohexane-ethyl acetate (90:10, v/v) green solvent system, while, the RP-densitometry estimation of TQ was performed using an ethanol-water (80:20, v/v) green solvent system. The estimation of TQ was conducted at 259 nm. RESULTS The NP and RP densitometry techniques were observed linear in the range of 25-1000 and 50-600 ng/band, respectively. All validation parameters such as accuracy, precision, robustness and sensitivity of NP/RP densitometry were observed within the limit of regulatory requirements and hence found to be suitable for the determination of TQ. The TQ contents were found to be highest in the Saudi Arabian extract followed by the Syrian extract, Indian extract, commercial capsules, commercial creams, Jordanian extract, Egyptian extract, Palestinian extract and commercial essential oils using NP densitometry. The TQ contents were found in same order using RP densitometry, but they were much lower than those recorded using NP densitometry. The Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) scores of NP and RP densitometry were found to be 0.82 and 0.84, respectively, suggesting an excellent greenness profile. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, NP/RP densitometry was found to be suitable for the pharmaceutical assay of TQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir A Ross
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Mohammad A Salkini
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prawez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Thermodynamic Solubility Profile of Temozolomide in Different Commonly Used Pharmaceutical Solvents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041437. [PMID: 35209225 PMCID: PMC8879539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The solubility parameters, and solution thermodynamics of temozolomide (TMZ) in 10 frequently used solvents were examined at five different temperatures. The maximum mole fraction solubility of TMZ was ascertained in dimethyl sulfoxide (1.35 × 10−2), followed by that in polyethylene glycol-400 (3.32 × 10−3) > Transcutol® (2.89 × 10−3) > ethylene glycol (1.64 × 10−3) > propylene glycol (1.47 × 10−3) > H2O (7.70 × 10−4) > ethyl acetate (5.44 × 10−4) > ethanol (1.80 × 10−4) > isopropyl alcohol (1.32 × 10−4) > 1-butanol (1.07 × 10−4) at 323.2 K. An analogous pattern was also observed for the other investigated temperatures. The quantitated TMZ solubility values were regressed using Apelblat and Van’t Hoff models and showed overall deviances of 0.96% and 1.33%, respectively. Apparent thermodynamic analysis indicated endothermic, spontaneous, and entropy-driven dissolution of TMZ in all solvents. TMZ solubility data may help to formulate dosage forms, recrystallize, purify, and extract/separate TMZ.
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Ahad A, Shakeel F, Raish M, Ahmad A, Bin Jardan YA, Al-Jenoobi FI, Al-Mohizea AM. Solubility and thermodynamic analysis of vinpocetine in various mono solvents at different temperatures. JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY 2022; 147:3117-3126. [DOI: 10.1007/s10973-021-10757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
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Molecular modeling study of structures, Hirschfield surface, NBO, AIM, RDG, IGM and 1HNMR of thymoquinone/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex from QM calculations. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ghazwani M, Begum MY, Alam P, Alqarni MH, Yusufoglu HS, Shakeel F. Solubility Determination, Hansen Solubility Parameters and Thermodynamic Evaluation of Thymoquinone in (Isopropanol + Water) Compositions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113195. [PMID: 34073527 PMCID: PMC8199087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This article studies the solubility, Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs), and thermodynamic behavior of a naturally-derived bioactive thymoquinone (TQ) in different binary combinations of isopropanol (IPA) and water (H2O). The mole fraction solubilities (x3) of TQ in various (IPA + H2O) compositions are measured at 298.2–318.2 K and 0.1 MPa. The HSPs of TQ, neat IPA, neat H2O, and binary (IPA + H2O) compositions free of TQ are also determined. The x3 data of TQ are regressed by van’t Hoff, Apelblat, Yalkowsky–Roseman, Buchowski–Ksiazczak λh, Jouyban–Acree, and Jouyban–Acree–van’t Hoff models. The maximum and minimum x3 values of TQ are recorded in neat IPA (7.63 × 10−2 at 318.2 K) and neat H2O (8.25 × 10−5 at 298.2 K), respectively. The solubility of TQ is recorded as increasing with the rise in temperature and IPA mass fraction in all (IPA + H2O) mixtures, including pure IPA and pure H2O. The HSP of TQ is similar to that of pure IPA, suggesting the great potential of IPA in TQ solubilization. The maximum molecular solute-solvent interactions are found in TQ-IPA compared to TQ-H2O. A thermodynamic study indicates an endothermic and entropy-driven dissolution of TQ in all (IPA + H2O) mixtures, including pure IPA and pure H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ghazwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - M. Yasmin Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Prawez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (P.A.); (M.H.A.); (H.S.Y.)
| | - Mohammed H. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (P.A.); (M.H.A.); (H.S.Y.)
| | - Hasan S. Yusufoglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (P.A.); (M.H.A.); (H.S.Y.)
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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HPLC Quantification of Thymoquinone Extracted from Nigella sativa L. ( Ranunculaceae) Seeds and Antibacterial Activity of Its Extracts against Bacillus Species. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6645680. [PMID: 33986821 PMCID: PMC8079179 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6645680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The medicinal importance of Nigella sativa seeds for treating various ailments is portrayed by its traditional uses. Owing to its immense pharmacological importance, the thymoquinone phytoconstituent of N. sativa can prove beneficial for the South Asian countries including Pakistan, where this seed is commonly produced and healthcare facilities are limited. In this study, the antibacterial activity of various extracts of N. sativa seeds, extracted thymoquinone, and oil samples have been investigated against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis using well and disc diffusion assay. The inhibition zones ranged between 7 and 44 mm against both the bacterial strains by well diffusion assay, while disc diffusion assay provided inhibition zones in the range of 7–23 mm. Commercial and local Kalonji oil samples were included in the study. Oil samples dissolved in methanol showed increased inhibition of bacteria. However, the extracted thymoquinone showed highest antibacterial activity. Medicine formulated using thymoquinone will prove to be an herbal alternate against the resistant microbiota associated with bacterial infections. Antibacterial activity against some Bacillus species will help signify the effect on normal gut flora when oral therapy is followed. Trying different extraction protocols can help increase extraction efficiency. Study on extraction of thymoquinone in local produce of black seed can be fruitful for conducting the stability studies and can help to gain maximum benefits from the bioactives. The crude extracts from 10 g of these seeds were subjected to preliminary phytochemical investigation. Results showed that although methanol extract had the presence of maximum phytochemicals, hexane extract was the most potent in terms of antibacterial activity. Thymoquinone, a therapeutically important bioactive in N. sativa seed, was extracted employing both solvents. TLC assay and UV spectroscopy were used for its qualitative assessment, while HPLC-UV quantification showed that 250 mg/mL of methanol extract had 368.3 μg/mL thymoquinone, while its successive extraction yielded 32.94 μg/mL thymoquinone.
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Mekhemar M, Hassan Y, Dörfer C. Nigella sativa and Thymoquinone: A Natural Blessing for Periodontal Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1260. [PMID: 33322636 PMCID: PMC7764221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ), the chief active constituent of Nigella sativa (NS), shows very valuable biomedical properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, antiparasitic and anti-asthmatic effects. Several studies have examined the pharmacological actions of TQ in the treatment of oral diseases but its potential role in periodontal therapy and regeneration is not yet fully defined. The present investigation has been designed to review the scientific studies about the effects of TQ as an adjunct to periodontal treatment to promote healing and periodontal regeneration. Along with clinical experiments, in vitro studies exhibit the beneficial effects of TQ during periodontal therapy. Nevertheless, additional comprehensive clinical and preclinical studies at cellular and molecular levels are essential to examine the particular action mechanisms of Nigella sativa and its elements, particularly TQ, during periodontal treatment or regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mekhemar
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht’s University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (Y.H.); (C.D.)
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Alanazi A, Alshehri S, Altamimi M, Shakeel F. Solubility determination and three dimensional Hansen solubility parameters of gefitinib in different organic solvents: Experimental and computational approaches. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Adamska K, Voelkel A, Sandomierski M. Characterization of mesoporous aluminosilicate materials by means of inverse liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1610:460544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Thymoquinone (2-Isoprpyl-5-methyl-1, 4-benzoquinone) as a chemopreventive/anticancer agent: Chemistry and biological effects. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:1113-1126. [PMID: 31885471 PMCID: PMC6921197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the topmost disorders of the mankind and number of cases is unceasingly growing at unprecedented rates. Although the synthetic anti-cancer compounds still hold the largest market in the modern treatment of cancer, natural agents have always been tried and tested for potential anti-cancer properties. Thymoquinone (TQ), a monoterpene and main ingredient in the essential oil of Nigella sativa L. has got very eminent rankings in the traditional systems of medicine for its anti-cancer pharmacological properties. In this review we summarized the diverse aspects of TQ including its chemistry, biosynthesis, sources and pharmacological properties with a major concern being attributed to its anti-cancer efficacies. The role of TQ in different aspects involved in the pathogenesis of cancer like inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, proliferation, invasion and migration have been described. The mechanism of action of TQ in different cancer types has been briefly accounted. Other safety and toxicological aspects and some combination therapies involving TQ have also been touched. A detailed literature search was carried out using various online search engines like google scholar and pubmed regarding the available research and review accounts on thymoquinone upto may 2019. All the articles reporting significant addition to the activities of thymoquinone were selected. Additional information was acquired from ethno botanical literature focusing on thymoquinone. The compound has been the centre of attention for a long time period and researched regularly in quite considerable numbers for its various physicochemical, medicinal, biological and pharmacological perspectives. Thymoquinone is studied for various chemical and pharmacological activities and demonstrated promising anti-cancer potential. The reviewed reports confirmed the strong anti-cancer efficacy of thymoquinone. Further in-vitro and in-vivo research is strongly warranted regarding the complete exploration of thymoquinone in ethnopharmacological context.
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Key Words
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- APC, adenomatous polyposis coli
- Anti-cancer therapeutics
- CDDP, cisplatin
- CDKs, cyclin-dependent kinases
- EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- FGFs, fibroblast growth factors
- FTIR, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
- GBM, glioblastoma multiforme
- HPDE, human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells
- IUPAC, international union of pure and applied chemistry
- LKB1, liver kinase B1
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MC-A, myrtucommulone-A
- NLCs, nanostructured lipid carriers
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Natural compounds
- OEC, oral epithelial cells
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PXRD, powder x-ray diffraction
- Phytopharmaceuticals
- Plant products
- RES, resveratrol
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SCLC, small cell lung carcinoma
- SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles
- THQ, thymohydroquinone
- TMZ, temozolomide
- TNBC, triple negative breast cancer
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- TQ, thymoquinone
- Thymoquinone
- UMSCC, university of Michigan squamous cell carcinoma
- USD, United States Dollar
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- WHO, world health organization
- XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein
- eEF-2K, elongation factor 2 kinase
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Shakeel F, Imran M, Haq N, Alshehri S, Anwer MK. Synthesis, Characterization and Solubility Determination of 6-Phenyl-pyridazin-3(2 H)-one in Different Pharmaceutical Solvents. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183404. [PMID: 31546846 PMCID: PMC6767300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research work proposed the solubility data and solution thermodynamic properties of the cardiovascular agent 6-phenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one [PPD] in twelve pharmaceutical solvents at "T = 298.2 K to 318.2 K" and "p = 0.1 MPa". The measured solubilities of PPD were regressed well with "van't Hoff and Apelblat models". The solid phases of pure and equilibrated PPD were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray differactometry, and the results suggested no transformation of PPD into solvates/hydrates/polymorphs after equilibrium. The solubilities of PPD in a mole fraction at "T = 318.2 K" were noted at a maximum in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 4.73 × 10-1), followed by polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400, 4.12 × 10-1), Transcutol® (3.46 × 10-1), ethyl acetate (EA, 81 × 10-2), 2-butanol (2.18 × 10-2), 1-butanol (2.11 × 10-2), propylene glycol (PG, 1.50 × 10-2), isopropyl alcohol (IPA, 1.44 × 10-2), ethylene glycol (EG, 1.27 × 10-2), ethanol (8.22 × 10-3), methanol (5.18 × 10-3) and water (1.26 × 10-5). Similar tendencies were also noted at other studied temperatures. The results of the "apparent thermodynamic analysis" showed an endothermic and entropy-driven dissolution of PPD in all pharmaceutical solvents. The results of the activity coefficients suggested a maximum interaction at the molecular level in PPD-DMSO, PPD-PEG-400 and PPD-Transcutol, compared with other combination of the solute and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, P.O. Box 840, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nazrul Haq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
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Estimating the Solubility, Solution Thermodynamics, and Molecular Interaction of Aliskiren Hemifumarate in Alkylimidazolium Based Ionic Liquids. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152807. [PMID: 31374890 PMCID: PMC6695967 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimating the solubility and solution thermodynamics parameters of aliskiren hemifumarate (AHF) in three different room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), Transcutol-HP (THP) and water are interesting as there is no solubility data available in the literature. In the current study, the solubility and solution thermodynamics of AHF in three different RTILs, THP and water at the temperature range from 298.2 to 318.2 K under air pressure 0.1 MP were evaluated. The solid phase evaluation by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) indicated no conversion of AHF into polymorph. The mole fraction solubility of AHF was found to be highest in 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (HMMHFP) ionic liquid (7.46 × 10−2) at 318.2 K. The obtained solubility values of AHF was regressed by the Apelblat and van’t Hoff models with overall root mean square deviations (RMSD) of 0.62% and 1.42%, respectively. The ideal solubility of AHF was higher compared to experimental solubility values at different temperatures. The lowest activity coefficient was found in HMMHFP, which confirmed highest molecular interaction between AHF–HMMHFP. The estimated thermodynamic parameters confirmed endothermic and entropy driven dissolution of AHF in different RTILs, THP, and water.
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Solubility, solution thermodynamics and molecular interactions of osimertinib in some pharmaceutically useful solvents. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.03.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Jagdale SK, Nawale RB. Solubilization and determination of solution thermodynamic properties of itraconazole in different solvents at different temperatures. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1168-1180. [PMID: 30935249 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1602138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The solubility of itraconazole (ITRA) in thirteen pure solvents including water, dimethyl sulphoxide, acetonitrile, methanol, 1,4-butanediol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, octanol, ethyl acetate, toluene, benzene, 1,4-dioxane were estimated at the temperatures ranging from 293.15 K to 318.15 K under atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa). The results reflected that the solubility of ITRA was a function of temperature and was increased with a rise in temperature in each solvent. Moreover, the solubility in polar solvents was less and found to be increased in non-polar solvents. Furthermore, the results of solubilization were correlated by the Van't Hoff equation, the modified Apelblat equation, the Buchowski - Ksiazaczak λh equation, and the polynomial empirical equation. The polynomial empirical equation proved to be more accurate and suitable for the correlation of solubilities of ITRA in studied solvents at various temperatures. Besides, theoretical ideal solubilities, activity coefficients, and thermodynamic properties of the solution process including standard molar enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy, and excess enthalpy were calculated from the experimental solubility data. These thermodynamic parameters indicated that the solubilization process was not spontaneous, endothermic, and enthalpy driven. Such thermodynamic based solubility data of ITRA will be of immense help in solubilization, synthesis, process development, preformualtion, and dosage form development in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin K Jagdale
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Marathwada Mitramandal's College of Pharmacy , Pune , Maharashtra , India.,b Y B Chavan College of Pharmacy , Rauza Bagh , Aurangabad , India
| | - Rajesh B Nawale
- c Department of Pharmacology , Government College of Pharmacy , Aurangabad , Maharashtra , India
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