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Ulatowska J, Szewczuk-Karpisz K, Polowczyk I. Evaluation of the Effect of Polyethylenimine on Boron Adsorption by Soil Minerals. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400055. [PMID: 38415970 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The removal of hazardous ions from water is crucial for safeguarding both the environment and human health. Soil minerals, integral components of soil, play a vital role as adsorbents for various contaminants, including heavy metal ions, organic dyes, and detergents. This study investigates the interaction between boron ions and soil minerals (gibbsite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite) in the presence of polyethylenimine (PEI). The minerals underwent characterization based on specific surface area, particle size distribution, zeta potential, and the presence of functional groups. The influence of PEI addition on the stability of the soil mineral suspension was evaluated by turbidimetry. Mineral-boron and mineral-boron-PEI interactions were explored under varying conditions, including pH, initial boron concentration, and mineral quantity, with all adsorption experiments conducted over 24 hours. Using the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacity of the studied minerals was determined for boron both without and in the presence of PEI. For gibbsite, kaolinite and montmorillonite, it was 30.63, 24.55 and 26.62 mg g-1, respectively, while in the presence of PEI, it increased to 33.11, 26.61 and 45.47 mg g-1, respectively. The addition of PEI enhanced boron adsorption from aqueous solutions, increasing the removal efficiency from 65 % to about 80 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Ulatowska
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymers and Carbon Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego Street 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szewczuk-Karpisz
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymers and Carbon Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego Street 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Izabela Polowczyk
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymers and Carbon Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego Street 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
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Tomczyk A, Vitková J, Botková N, Siryk O, Kondracki B, Szewczuk-Karpisz K. Ammonia hydroxide and citric acid modified wheat straw-biochars: Preparation, characterization, and environmental applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141916. [PMID: 38583536 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This study presents an assessment of inorganic and organic modification of biochar on physicochemical properties, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release, sorption efficiency towards enrofloxacin (E) and silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), as well as an evaluation of addition of prepared materials on hydro-physical properties and adsorption capacity of montmorillonite (M). The biochar was derived from wheat straw at 650 °C. An inorganic modification was performed using ammonia hydroxide, whereas an organic modification, using citric acid. The ammonia hydroxide and citric acid changed the biochar nature and surface chemistry by introducing amino and ester groups. The lowest DOC release was from ammonia-biochar (BCN) and the highest, from citric acid-biochar (BCC). The adsorption data were better described by pseudo-II order equation and Marczewski-Jaroniec isotherm. Results showed that BCN exhibited the highest efficiency in adsorption of E and Ag-NPs. It also improved the adsorptive abilities and saturated hydraulic conductivity of M. This provides the chemically modified biochars have an excellent potential to improve pollution removal from aqueous media and hydro-physical/sorption properties of soil sorption complex. They can be used with advantageous in environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Tomczyk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Justína Vitková
- Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Natália Botková
- Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Hospodárska 7, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Olena Siryk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kondracki
- Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8 (SPSK Nr 4), 20-954, Lublin, Poland
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Siryk O, Goncharuk O, Samchenko Y, Kernosenko L, Szewczuk-Karpisz K. Comparison of Structural, Water-Retaining and Sorption Properties of Acrylamide-Based Hydrogels Cross-Linked by Physical and Chemical Methods. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300812. [PMID: 38227375 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Two series of hydrogels based on acrylamide and its copolymers with acrylonitrile and acrylic acid were synthesized by two cross-linking methods - chemical (using N,N'-methylene bis-acrylamide) and physical (using montmorillonite (MMT)) ones. The structure of the gels was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The swelling and sorption properties were analyzed as a function of both the monomer composition and the cross-linking method. The shift of the band corresponding to Si-O (995-1030 cm-1 ) confirmed the formation of intercalation structures for MMT-cross-linked gels. Moreover, physically cross-linked gels demonstrated a non-monotonic dependence of the swelling degree on the MMT concentration, and acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymer MMT-cross-linked gels showed pH sensitivity and the highest swelling degree of 150 g/g. The highest sorption capacity towards cadmium(II) ions was demonstrated by acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymer gels, both covalently cross-linked (30 mg/g) and MMT-cross-linked (8.9 mg/g).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Siryk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
- F.D. Ovcharenko Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Vernadskogo Blvd. 42, 03142, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Goncharuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
- F.D. Ovcharenko Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Vernadskogo Blvd. 42, 03142, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yurii Samchenko
- F.D. Ovcharenko Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Vernadskogo Blvd. 42, 03142, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla Kernosenko
- F.D. Ovcharenko Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Vernadskogo Blvd. 42, 03142, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Pei K, Liu T. Enhanced Cr (VI) removal with Pb (II) presence by Fe 2+-activated persulfate and zero-valent iron system. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:2215-2229. [PMID: 34986747 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2026483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Combined heavy metals such as chromium (Cr (VI)) and lead (Pb (II)) in natural water have globally posed severe environmental and public health risk. Here the removal of Cr (VI) and Pb (II) mixed pollutants using Fe2+-activated persulfate (PS) with extra zero-valent iron (ZVI), which was not only a supplementary Fe2+ source, but also a high-efficiency absorbent, was investigated. During removal, pivotal factors of initial pollutant concentration, dosages of ZVI and PS, initial pH and temperatures were examined. Interestingly, generating a lot of H+ in the process of Fe (II) activating persulfate were helpful to the corrosion of ZVI over a large range of pH (1-9). Under the optimum condition, removal efficiency of Pb (II) and Cr (VI) have reached 100% and 94.26% respectively. The removal mechanism was suggested as a three-step reaction that the Pb (II) boosted the removal of Cr (VI) by co-precipitated in wastewater, and the Pb (II) and Cr (VI) were adsorbed and subsequently reduced to Pb0 and Cr3+ as Cr(OH)3 or Cr3+-Fe3+ hydroxides on ZVI surface. Cr (VI) and Pb (II) adsorption kinetics agreed with the pseudo-second-order reaction rate expression. In addition, we were surprised to found that the contribution effect of chromium and lead co-precipitation for their removal by Fe (II) - PS-ZVI has strong dependence on initial pH and concentration ratio of Cr (VI) and Pb (II). The result indicated that Fe (II)-PS-ZVI system should be a favourable removal technology for Cr (VI) and Pb (II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Pei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Ionic Polyacrylamides as Stability-Modifying Substances of Soil Mineral Suspensions Containing Heavy Metal Impurities. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of heavy metal in soils is a serious environmental problem. The aim of this paper was to compare the adsorption mechanism of ionic polyacrylamides (PAMs)—anionic and cationic with different contents of functional groups, on the surface of clay minerals—montmorillonite (type 2:1) and kaolinite (type 1:1), without and with the presence of heavy metal ions (Cr(VI) or Pb(II)). The dependence of solution pH, structure of mineral, type of PAM, ionic form of heavy metal, as well as order of adsorbates addition on the adsorption efficiency and stability of the clay mineral-polymer-heavy metal system was determined. In addition to adsorption and stability studies, electrokinetic and potentiometric titration measurements were performed. It was shown that the mixed PAM+heavy metal adsorption layers modify the surface properties of clay minerals significantly, which in many cases leads to the effective destabilization of the solid suspension and its separation from the liquid phase. Moreover, the most important factor, which influences the adsorbed amount of ionic polyacrylamide, turned out to be the internal structure of layered aluminosilicates and the presence of inter-package spaces capable of adsorbate molecules accumulating. For this reason the obtained adsorption capacity of montmorillonite is about 100 times higher in comparison to kaolinite.
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Simultaneous removal of toxic Pb(II) ions, poly(acrylic acid) and Triton X-100 from their mixed solution using engineered biochars obtained from horsetail herb precursor – Impact of post-activation treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Wiśniewska M, Nowicki P, Urban T. Influence of surfactants with different ionic character on the structure of poly(acrylic acid) adsorption layer on the activated biocarbons surface – electrokinetic and stability studies. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Biedrzycka A, Skwarek E, Hanna UM. Hydroxyapatite with magnetic core: Synthesis methods, properties, adsorption and medical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 291:102401. [PMID: 33773102 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the actual state of knowledge and recent research results on the magnetic composite synthesized from iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3 or Fe3O4) and hydroxyapatite. It can be obtained applying some methods, i.e. chemical precipitation, hydrothermal, sol-gel, and biomimetic or combined techniques which exhibit characteristic properties affecting the form of the prepared product. More specific details are discussed in this paper. A comparison of the discussed synthesis methods is presented. On the basis of selected publications, a comparison of the results of the analysis by XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDX methods for hydroxyapatite with a magnetic core was also presented. Moreover, the characteristics large adsorption capacity and specific area allow employing nanocomposites as adsorbents particularly in removal of toxic metal ions. Nowadays this issue is extremely vital due to large amounts of pollutants in the environment and greater ecological awareness of people. Moreover, magnetic hydroxyapatite can be also applied as a catalyst in various syntheses or oxidation reactions as well as in medicine in magnetic resonance imaging, hyperthermia treatment, drug delivery and release, bone regeneration or cell therapy.
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Cd(II) and Pb(II) Adsorption Using a Composite Obtained from Moringa oleifera Lam. Cellulose Nanofibrils Impregnated with Iron Nanoparticles. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This work informs on the green synthesis of a novel adsorbent and its adsorption capacity. The adsorbent was synthesized by the combination of iron nanoparticles and cellulose nanofibers (FeNPs/NFCs). Cellulose nanofibers (NFCs) were obtained from Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) by a pulping Kraft process, acid hydrolysis, and ultrasonic methods. The adsorption method has advantages such as high heavy metal removal in water treatment. Therefore, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) adsorption with FeNP/NFC from aqueous solutions in batch systems was investigated. The kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic parameters, as well as the adsorption capacities of FeNP/NFC in each system at different temperatures, were evaluated. The adsorption kinetic data were fitted to mathematical models, so the pseudo-second-order kinetic model described both Cd and Pb. The kinetic rate constant (K2), was higher for Cd than for Pb, indicating that the metal adsorption was very fast. The adsorption isotherm data were best described by the Langmuir–Freundlich model for Pb multilayer adsorption. The Langmuir model described Cd monolayer sorption. However, experimental maximum adsorption capacities (qe exp) for Cd (>12 mg/g) were lower than those for Pb (>80 mg/g). In conclusion, iron nanoparticles on the FeNP/NFC composite improved Cd and Pb selectivity during adsorption processes, indicating the process’ spontaneous and exothermic nature.
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Fijałkowska G, Szewczuk-Karpisz K, Wiśniewska M. Anionic polyacrylamide influence on the lead(II) ion accumulation in soil - the study on montmorillonite. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:599-607. [PMID: 33312586 PMCID: PMC7721830 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polymeric substances, as soil conditioners, limit the erosion process as well as improve the soil structure. The same macromolecular compounds may influence the heavy metal accumulation in soil environment. The main aim of this study was investigation of anionic polyacrylamide (AN PAM) effect on the lead(II) ion sorption on the montmorillonite surface. The effects of Pb(II) ion concentration, sequence of heavy metal and anionic polymer addition into the system as well as anionic group content in the PAM macromolecules were also studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed on montmorillonite (clay mineral). Two types of polymers were used: AN PAM 5% and AN PAM 30% containing 5% and 30% of carboxylic groups, respectively. The adsorbed amounts of Pb(II) ions or AN PAM on the solid were determined spectrophotometrically. Electrokinetic properties of the examined systems were established using potentiometric titration and microelectrophoresis method. The montmorillonite aggregation without and with selected substances was described based on the sedimentation study. RESULTS At pH 5 the Pb(II) adsorbed amount on montmorillonite equaled 0.05 mg/m2 (for the initial concentration 10 ppm). Anionic polyacrylamide increased this value significantly (it was 0.11 mg/m2 with AN PAM 5% and 0.11 mg/m2 with AN PAM 30%). The lead(II) ions presence causes a slight increase of the anionic PAM adsorption on the montmorillonite surface. For example, for the initial polymer concentration 100 ppm, the AN PAM 5% adsorbed amount without Pb(II) equaled 0.49 mg/m2, whereas with Pb(II) - 0.57 mg/m2. What is more, anionic polyacrylamide and lead(II) ions affected electrokinetic properties and stability of the montmorillonite suspension. CONCLUSIONS Anionic polyacrylamide makes the Pb(II) accumulation on the montmorillonite surface larger and, as a consequence, reduces the Pb(II) availability to organisms. Therefore, this macromolecular compound can certainly be used to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Fijałkowska
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - K. Szewczuk-Karpisz
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - M. Wiśniewska
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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Khamooshi H, Dahrazma B, Ebrahimi A, Davoodi S. A batch study on the adsorption/desorption behavior of vancomycin on bentonite nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:2603-2612. [PMID: 33339812 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, adsorption/desorption of vancomycin (VAN) on bentonite nanoparticles was investigated in a batch system. Adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of several influential parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time and ionic strength. Bentonite nanoparticles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses and the mesoporous structure was revealed. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were applied for the examination of equilibrium data, and Langmuir was found to be the best fit. With the increase in pH and ionic strength, the adsorption capacity decreases, which suggests the adsorption process may be dominated by the cation exchange mechanism. Moreover, VAN desorption from bentonite nanoparticles in two initial VAN loadings was investigated under different concentrations of metallic cations of various valences (Na+, Ca2+, Al3+), and pHs 3-10. Desorption was strongly pH-dependent and the amount of VAN desorbed increased with increasing cations concentrations. The FTIR analysis before and after VAN desorption suggests that the formation of Al-VAN and Ca-VAN complexes on the solid surface and then their detachment from the solid surface may contribute to the higher VAN desorption by Al3+ and Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Khamooshi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran E-mail:
| | - Behnaz Dahrazma
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran E-mail:
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran E-mail:
| | - Siavash Davoodi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran E-mail:
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Adsorption and electrokinetic studies in kaolinite/anionic polyacrylamide/chromate ions system. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Szewczuk-Karpisz K, Bogatyrov VM, Galaburda M, Sokołowska Z. Study on Adsorption and Aggregation in the Mixed System of Polyacrylamide, Cu(II) Ions and Innovative Carbon-Silica Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040961. [PMID: 32326104 PMCID: PMC7240755 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents an original study on adsorption and aggregation phenomena in a mixed system consisting of a macromolecular compound, heavy metal ions and an innovative adsorbent. The authors used ionic polyacrylamides (PAM), Cu(II) ions and carbon–silica composite (C-SiO2) in the experiments. Such a system has not yet been described in the literature and therefore, the article is of significant novelty and great importance. The composite was prepared by mixing phenol–formaldehyde resin with silica and pyrolysis at 800 °C. The adsorbed amounts of Cu(II) ions and PAM were determined spectrophotometrically. C-SiO2 was characterized using potentiometric titration, microelecrophoresis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. In turn, the C-SiO2 aggregation was established turbidimetrically as well as using a particle size analyzer. The obtained results indicated that both Cu(II) ions and ionic polyacrylamide were adsorbed on the composite surface at pH 6. The highest noted adsorbed amounts were 9.8 mg/g for Cu(II) and 35.72 mg/g for CT PAM-25%. Cu(II) ions increased the anionic PAM adsorbed and reduced the cationic PAM one. The adsorption of anionic PAM (50 ppm) stimulated the solid aggregation significantly. What is more, Cu(II) ions enhanced this process. The size of particles/aggregates formed without additives equaled 0.44 μm, whereas in the mixed Cu(II)/AN PAM system, they were even at 1.04 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szewczuk-Karpisz
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-744-50-61
| | - Viktor M. Bogatyrov
- O.O. Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, General Naumov Street 17, 03164 Kiev, Ukraine; (V.M.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Mariia Galaburda
- O.O. Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, General Naumov Street 17, 03164 Kiev, Ukraine; (V.M.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Zofia Sokołowska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
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