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Ong CL, Lai YC, Heidelberg T, Tang WK, Lee VS, Khaligh NG, Juan JC. Highly effective ashless and non-corrosive dimercaptobenzothiadiazole as multifunctional lubricant additives in naphthenic base oil. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30733-30742. [PMID: 37869389 PMCID: PMC10585983 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05692a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional medium chain chlorinated paraffin (MCCP) and zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) additives have greatly enhanced the extreme pressure (EP) and anti-wear (AW) performance of the metalworking fluids. However, chlorine- and zinc-containing additives are restricted in use due to eco-toxicity issue. Herein, ashless and non-corrosive dimercaptobenzothiadiazole derivatives, namely bis-2,5-benzylsulfanyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazole (BBST) and bis-2,5-octylsulfanyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazole (BOST) consist of three sulfur atoms have been synthesized and evaluated. The performance of BBST shows a weld load (PD) of 3089 N and AW value of 5 mm2, which represents an improvement of 3.1 and 7.4 folds over naphthenic base oil (NBO). In addition, BBST also outperformed BOST, MCCP, and ZDDP in terms of its weld load and AW properties. Based on XPS analysis and molecular electrostatic potential maps (MEPS), BBST exhibits superior tribology performance due to the interaction between the sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), and π-electrons of the benzene ring with the metal surface. The formation of FeS, Fe2O3 and Fe⋯N coordinate bonds contributes to the creation of an excellent tribofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu Ling Ong
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Level 3, Block A, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Yew Chong Lai
- Oleon Port Klang Sdn. Bhd. 57, Jln Sungai Pinang 4/3, Taman Perindustrian Pulau Indah 42920 Pelabuhan Klang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Thorsten Heidelberg
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Wai Kit Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Vannajan Sanghiran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Theoretical and Computational Physics (CTCP), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Nader Ghaffari Khaligh
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Level 3, Block A, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Joon Ching Juan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Level 3, Block A, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University Cheras 56000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Methyltrioctylammonium Octadecanoate as Lubricant Additive to Different Base Oils. LUBRICANTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants10060128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the use of an ionic liquid obtained from fatty acids (FAIL) as an additive at 2 wt.% in two different base oils: a mineral oil (M1) and a polyol ester (E1). Physicochemical characterization of the base oil–FAIL blends confirmed the miscibility of the FAIL in the base oils. The addition of the FAIL hardly changed the density of the base oils and the viscosity slightly increased at lower temperatures. The tribological performance of the base oils and their blends with the FAIL was determined using three different tests: Stribeck curve determination and tribofilm formation tests, both under sliding/rolling motion, and reciprocating wear tests. The M1 + FAIL blend showed the lowest friction values under the mixed lubrication regime due to its higher viscosity, while the E1 + FAIL showed the lowest friction values under the elastohydrodynamic lubrication regime, which may well have been due to its higher polarity. Only the E1 + FAIL blend outperformed the antiwear behavior of the base oil, probably because it has better chemical affinity (higher polarity) for the metallic surface. SEM images showed that the predominant wear mechanism was adhesive-type with plastic deformation and XPS studies proved that the presence of increasing amounts of organic oxygen on the wear scar caused better antiwear performance when the E1 + FAIL blend was used.
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Ling Ong C, Jiang X, Ching Juan J, Ghaffari Khaligh N, Heidelberg T. Ashless and non-corrosive disulfide compounds as excellent extreme pressure additives in naphthenic oil. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Theoretical, electrochemical and computational inspection for anti-corrosion activity of triazepine derivatives on mild steel in HCl medium. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Su H, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Zhao Q, Jiang C, Lou W. Synthesis and investigation of phosphorus-free ionic liquids as multifunctional lubricating additives. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25134-25142. [PMID: 36199350 PMCID: PMC9443478 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two phosphorus-free multifunctional protic ionic liquids were devolpoed for lubricating additives. The low corrosion, excellent tribological behavior and antioxidation property make them suitable as multifunctional additives in various lubricants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaigang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Qilong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
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Li S, Chen H, Luo T, Wang F, Xiao G, Chen Z, Yi M, Sheng C, Xu C. Tribological properties of 1 - octyl – 3 - methylimidazolium lactate ionic liquid as a lubricant additive. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Ramajo B, Blanco D, Rivera N, Viesca J, González R, Battez AH. Long-term thermal stability of fatty acid anion-based ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Friction, Wear and Corrosion Behavior of Environmentally-Friendly Fatty Acid Ionic Liquids. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This research deals with the tribological behavior and corrosion performance of three novel fatty acid anion-based ionic liquids (FAILs): methyltrioctylammonium hexanoate ([N8,8,8,1][C6:0]), methyltrioctylammonium octadecanoate ([N8,8,8,1][C18:0]) and methyltrioctylammonium octadec-9-enoate ([N8,8,8,1][C18:1]), employed for the first time as neat lubricant with five different material pairs: steel–steel, steel–aluminum alloy, steel–bronze, steel–cast iron and steel–tungsten carbide. These novel substances were previously obtained from fatty acids via metathesis reactions, identified structurally via NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) techniques, and then characterized from a physicochemical (density, water solubility, viscosity, viscosity index and refractive index) and environmental (bacterial toxicity and biodegradability) points of view. The corrosion behavior of the three FAILs was studied by exposure at room temperature, while friction and wear tests were performed with a reciprocating ball-on-disc configuration. The main results and conclusions obtained were: (1) Corrosion in the presence of the three FAILs is observed only on the bronze surface; (2) All FAILs presented similar tribological behavior as lubricants for each tested material pair; (3) XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analysis indicated that the surface behavior of the three FAILs in each material pair was similar, with low chemical interaction with the surfaces.
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Khan A, Sharma OP, Khatri OP. Ionic Liquids-Based Aqueous Lubricants: Emulsion Stability to Enhancement of Surface Wettability and Tribological Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amzad Khan
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Om P. Sharma
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Om P. Khatri
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Naveed T, Zahid R, Mufti RA, Waqas M, Hanif MT. A review on tribological performance of ionic liquids as additives to bio lubricants. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, PART J: JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING TRIBOLOGY 2020:135065012097380. [DOI: 10.1177/1350650120973805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
All the moving components in an internal combustion engine require a lubricant that allows smooth sliding and/or rolling of interacting surfaces. Lubricant not only minimizes the friction and wear but also dissipates the heat generated due to friction and removes debris from the area of contact. Environmental concerns, decreasing mineral oil reserves and difficult disposal of nonbiodegradable conventional lubricants have urged the researchers to shift towards environmental-friendly lubricants. Number of tribological studies carried out in the past have proved that ionic liquid-based bio-lubricants are sustainable and biodegradable alternative to mineral oils. This paper presents a brief review of properties of ionic liquids and their ability to reduce friction and wear between the interacting surfaces. Tribological performance and compatibility of ionic liquids with various base-oils have been compared under boundary lubrication. The results reveal that phosphonium-based ionic liquids namely tetra-decyl tri-hexyl phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate (P66614)i(C8)2PO2 and tri-hexyl tetra-decyl phosphonium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (P-DEHP) are more suitable for tribological applications. Since, ionic liquids can be tailored according to the application and millions of combinations are possible therefore, there is a need to summarize the published data in a more systematic and logical way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehreem Naveed
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehan Zahid
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ahmad Mufti
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Talha Hanif
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Two fatty acid anion-based ionic liquids - part II: Effectiveness as an additive to a polyol ester. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Two fatty acid anion-based ionic liquids - part I: Physicochemical properties and tribological behavior as neat lubricants. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cai M, Yu Q, Liu W, Zhou F. Ionic liquid lubricants: when chemistry meets tribology. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7753-7818. [PMID: 33135717 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00126k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as potential lubricants in 2001. Subsequently, there has been tremendous research interest in ILs from the tribology society since their discovery as novel synthetic lubricating materials. This also expands the research area of ILs. Consistent with the requirement of searching for alternative and eco-friendly lubricants, IL lubrication will experience further development in the coming years. Herein, we review the research progress of IL lubricants. Generally, the tribological properties of IL lubricants as lubricating oils, additives and thin films are reviewed in detail and their lubrication mechanisms discussed. Considering their actual applications, the flexible design of ILs allows the synthesis of task-specific and tribologically interesting ILs to overcome the drawbacks of the application of ILs, such as high cost, poor compatibility with traditional oils, thermal oxidization and corrosion. Nowadays, increasing research is focused on halogen-free ILs, green ILs, synthesis-free ILs and functional ILs. In addition to their macroscopic properties, the nanoscopic performance of ILs on a small scale and in small gaps is also important in revealing their tribological mechanisms. It has been shown that when sliding surfaces are compressed, in comparison with a less polar molecular lubricant, ion pairs resist "squeeze out" due to the strong interaction between the ions of ILs and oppositely charged surfaces, resulting in a film that remains in place at higher shear forces. Thus, the lubricity of ILs can be externally controlled in situ by applying electric potentials. In summary, ILs demonstrate sufficient design versatility as a type of model lubricant for meeting the requirements of mechanical engineering. Accordingly, their perspectives and future development are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Qiangliang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Weimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China. and State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, College of Materials Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 YouyiXi Road, Xi an 710072, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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