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Patidar A, Goel G. MARTINI Coarse-Grained Force Field for Thermoplastic Starch Nanocomposites. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:11468-11480. [PMID: 39527046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c05637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is an excellent film-forming material, and the addition of fillers, such as tetramethylammonium-montmorillonite (TMA-MMT) clay, has significantly expanded its use in packaging applications. We first used an all-atom (AA) simulation to predict several macroscopic (Young's modulus, glass transition temperature, density) and microscopic (conformation along 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic linkages, composite morphology) properties of TPS melt and TPS-TMA-MMT composite. The interplay of polymer-surface (weakly repulsive), plasticizer-surface (attractive), and polymer-plasticizer (weakly attractive) interactions leads to conformational and dynamics properties distinct from those in systems with either attractive or repulsive polymer-surface interactions. A subset of AA properties was used to parametrize the MARTINI-2 coarse-grained (CG) force field (FF) for the melt and composite systems. The missing bonded parameters of amylose and amylopectin and the bead types for 1-4 and 1-6 linked α-D glucose were determined using two-body excess entropy, density, and bond and angle distributions in the AA TPS melt. This new MARTINI-2 CG model was also compared with the MARTINI-3 model for the TPS melt. However, the requirement of a polarizable water model necessitates the use of MARTINI-2 FF for the composite system. This liquid-liquid partitioning-based FF shows freezing and compaction of polymer chains near the clay surface, further accentuated by lowering of dispersive interactions between pairs of high-covalent-coordination ring units of TPS polymers and the montmorillonite sheet. A rescaling of the effective dispersive component of TPS-MMT cross interactions was used to optimize the MARTINI-2 FF for the composite system with structural (chain size distribution), thermodynamic (chain conformational entropy and density), and dynamic (self-diffusion coefficient) properties obtained from long AA simulations forming the constraints for optimization. The obtained CG FF parameters provided excellent estimates for several other properties of the melt and composite systems not used in parameter estimation, thus establishing the robustness of the developed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Patidar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Gaurav Goel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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Song B, Luo R, Jiao H, Li F, Yu J, Zhang X. Multi-scaled regulation for cholesteric organization of cellulose nanocrystals based on internal and external factors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024:d4na00700j. [PMID: 39569334 PMCID: PMC11575581 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00700j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), as one of the most promising bio-sourced materials, have been drawing increasing attention as they offer an attractive route for the rational design and sustainable manufacturing of photonic materials owing to their cholesteric self-assembly from the suspension to solid state. Such an organization process can be readily regulated depending on either internal factors or external forces. In this review, recent advances in the control over the self-assembly process and photonic organizations of CNCs are summarized. Furthermore, an in-depth understanding of diverse factors affecting the nano-scaled periodicity and micro-scaled alignment of CNC cholesteric organization is obtained from perspectives of bulk building blocks, solution environment, extra additives, and external forces. Additionally, the roles of the multi-sized photonic architecture associated with photonic-photonic coupling and the macrogeometry related to the complex confined self-assembly are highlighted for sophisticated CNC optical materials. Finally, insights into the future challenges in the field of CNC photonic materials, regarding the precise mechanism of CNC self-assembly and translation of CNC photonic technology from academia to industry, are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiqi Song
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Richu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Haixing Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Fangling Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Juan Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuel and Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
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Preparation and research of PCL/cellulose composites: Cellulose derived from agricultural wastes. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123785. [PMID: 36822283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
For the rational use of agricultural wastes, bagasse, orange peel and wheat bran were used to fabricate bio-based polymer materials. Cellulose was extracted from the three different agricultural wastes, and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was used as the matrix material. PCL was mixed with nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC), extracted bagasse cellulose (GC), orange peel cellulose (JC) and wheat bran cellulose (MC) by solution casting. Morphology and structure of the extracted cellulose were studied by Scanning Electron Microscope, Fourier Infrared spectrometer, thermogravimetry and X-ray diffractometer. The influence of GC, JC, MC on the crystallization process and mechanical properties of PCL was investigated by DSC and tensile test. Experimental results show that the addition of CNC, GC, JC, MC increases the crystallization temperature of PCL, accelerates the crystallization process of PCL, and improves the tensile property of PCL.
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Andrew LJ, Walters CM, Hamad WY, MacLachlan MJ. Coassembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Neutral Polymers in Iridescent Chiral Nematic Films. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:896-908. [PMID: 36720197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Photonic materials based on composite films of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and polymers are promising as they can be renewable and show tunable optical and mechanical properties. However, the influence of polymers on CNC self-assembly is not always well understood, and conflicting results are present in the literature. In this study, we incorporate three neutral, water-soluble polymers-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-with different molecular weights into CNC suspensions at various concentrations prior to obtaining iridescent composite thin films by solvent evaporation. Through spectroscopic, potentiometric, and rheological analyses, we find that PVP physically adsorbs to the surface of CNCs resulting in a bathochromic shift in film color with both increasing concentration and polymer molecular weight. In contrast, PEG induces depletion interactions that result in a decrease in the size of chiral nematic CNC domains, with a negligible change in film color. Finally, PAA hydrogen bonds to the hydroxyl groups of CNCs, resulting in a bathochromic color shift along with interesting rheological and liquid-state properties. This work demonstrates a deeper understanding of CNC-polymer interactions during coassembly and formation of iridescent chiral nematic films, allowing for greater control over optical properties of future CNC-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Andrew
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Christopher M Walters
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Wadood Y Hamad
- Transformation and Interfaces Group, Bioproducts Innovation Centre of Excellence, FPInnovations, 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mark J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,UBC BioProducts Institute, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Dialkyl carbonates enforce energy storage as new dielectric liquids. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Stepanova M, Korzhikova-Vlakh E. Modification of Cellulose Micro- and Nanomaterials to Improve Properties of Aliphatic Polyesters/Cellulose Composites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071477. [PMID: 35406349 PMCID: PMC9003142 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic polyesters/cellulose composites have attracted a lot attention due to the perspectives of their application in biomedicine and the production of disposable materials, food packaging, etc. Both aliphatic polyesters and cellulose are biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, which makes them highly promising for the production of “green” composite materials. However, the main challenge in obtaining composites with favorable properties is the poor compatibility of these polymers. Unlike cellulose, which is very hydrophilic, aliphatic polyesters exhibit strong hydrophobic properties. In recent times, the modification of cellulose micro- and nanomaterials is widely considered as a tool to enhance interfacial biocompatibility with aliphatic polyesters and, consequently, improve the properties of composites. This review summarizes the main types and properties of cellulose micro- and nanomaterials as well as aliphatic polyesters used to produce composites with cellulose. In addition, the methods for noncovalent and covalent modification of cellulose materials with small molecules, polymers and nanoparticles have been comprehensively overviewed and discussed. Composite fabrication techniques, as well as the effect of cellulose modification on the mechanical and thermal properties, rate of degradation, and biological compatibility have been also analyzed.
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Voronova MI, Gurina DL, Surov OV. Properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/Polycaprolactone Polymer Mixtures Reinforced by Cellulose Nanocrystals: Experimental and Simulation Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:340. [PMID: 35054746 PMCID: PMC8780583 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/polycaprolactone (PHBV/PCL) polymer mixtures reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been obtained. To improve the CNC compatibility with the hydrophobic PHBV/PCL matrix, the CNC surface was modified by amphiphilic polymers, i.e., polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyacrylamide (PAM). The polymer composites were characterized by FTIR, DSC, TG, XRD, microscopy, BET surface area, and tensile testing. The morphological, sorption, thermal, and mechanical properties of the obtained composites have been studied. It was found out that with an increase in the CNC content in the composites, the porosity of the films increased, which was reflected in an increase in their specific surface areas and water sorption. An analysis of the IR spectra confirms that hydrogen bonds can be formed between the CNC hydroxyl- and the -CO- groups of PCL and PHBV. The thermal decomposition of CNC in the PHBV/PCL/CNC composites starts at a much higher temperature than the decomposition of pure CNC. It was revealed that CNCs can either induce crystallization and the polymer crystallite growth or act as a compatibilizer of a mixture of the polymers causing their amorphization. The CNC addition significantly reduces the elongation and strength of the composites, but changes Young's modulus insignificantly, i.e., the mechanical properties of the composites are retained under conditions of small linear deformations. A molecular-dynamics simulation of several systems, starting from simplest binary (solvent-polymer) and finishing with multi-component (CNC-polymer mixture-solvent) systems, has been made. It is concluded that the surface modification of CNCs with amphiphilic polymers makes it possible to obtain the CNC composites with hydrophobic polymer matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oleg V. Surov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (M.I.V.); (D.L.G.)
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