Solubility of sinapic acid in some (ethylene glycol + water) mixtures: Measurement, computational modeling, thermodynamics, and preferential solvation

Multifunctional alginate-sinapic acid/arginine-strontium hydrogel for promoting diabetic wound healing

Sodium alginate (Alg), sinapic acid (SA), arginine (Arg), strontium carbonate (SrCO₃), and D-gluconic acid δ-lactone (GDL) were employed to construct an ionically crosslinked sodium alginate-sinapic acid/arginine‑strontium (ASASG) hydrogel. This study aims to evaluate its potential for enhancing diabetic wound repair through combined ionic crosslinking and bioactive component synergy. The hydrogel demonstrates exceptional swelling properties conducive to the absorption of wound exudate. Furthermore, it exhibits remarkable antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The ASASG hydrogel shows good biocompatibility, facilitates hemostasis and promotes the migration of NIH 3 T3 fibroblasts. Animal studies have revealed that ASASG hydrogel significantly enhances wound healing, accelerates re-epithelialization, and fosters collagen deposition in diabetic rats. Furthermore, ASASG hydrogels mitigated inflammatory cell infiltration by down-regulating IL-6 expression and concurrently up-regulating TGF-β expression. Notably, ASASG hydrogels also stimulate angiogenesis by enhancing the expressions of VEGF and bFGF. Therefore, the use of ASASG hydrogel in the treatment of diabetic wounds is a possible therapeutic approach.

Interaction and binding mechanism of ovalbumin with cereal phenolic acids: improved structure, antioxidant activity, emulsifying and digestion properties for potential targeted delivery systems

Ovalbumin (OVA) has been considered as a nutrient carrier for bioactive, which has high nutrition value and multiple properties. Recently, proteins-phenolic acids composite delivery systems have received widespread attention. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the interaction between OVA and cereal phenolic acids (CPA) to establish delivery systems for bioactive. Spectroscopy results have found that CPA generated complexes with OVA, causing the microenvironment changes of OVA. Ferulic acid (FA), p-coumaric acid (CA), vanillic acid (VA), syringic acid (SY), sinapic acid (SI), and protocatechuic acid (PA) not only quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of OVA, but also altered protein microenvironment. Further investigation showed these complexes were formed by static quenching mode, while hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction were dominant binding forces. Meanwhile, the interaction decreased α-helix contents and increased β-sheet contents, leading to conformational changes in OVA. Besides, OVA/CPA complexes displayed an increase in hydrophobicity with a reduce in free-SH. After combination with FA, SY, CA, VA, SI, PA, it was found that all formed complexes had superior solubility, emulsifying and antioxidant activities than native OVA. Among them, OVA-PA exhibited the highest emulsifying activity index and emulsion stability index values (36.4 ± 0.39 m2/g and 60.4 ± 0.94 min) and stronger antioxidant activities. Finally, the combination with phenolic acids further improved the digestion efficiency in vitro of OVA. The OVA-CPA complexes showed improved properties for excellent delivery systems. Overall, OVA-CPA complexes could be a good carrier for bioactive, which provided valuable avenues in target delivery system application.

Development and Evaluation of a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Sinapic Acid with Improved Antiviral Efficacy against SARS-CoV-2

This study aimed to develop a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNE) for sinapic acid (SA) to improve its solubility and antiviral activity. Optimal components for the SA-SNE formulation were selected, including Labrafil as the oil, Cremophor EL as the surfactant, and Transcutol as the co-surfactant. The formulation was optimized using surface response design, and the optimized SA-SNE formulation exhibited a small globule size of 83.6 nm, high solubility up to 127.1 ± 3.3, and a 100% transmittance. In vitro release studies demonstrated rapid and high SA release from the formulation. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed improved bioavailability by 2.43 times, and the optimized SA-SNE formulation exhibited potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The developed SA-SNE formulation can enhance SA's therapeutic efficacy by improving its solubility, bioavailability, and antiviral activity. Further in silico, modeling, and Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD)-based studies revealed that SA could interact with and inhibit the viral main protease (Mpro). This research contributes to developing effective drug delivery systems for poorly soluble drugs like SA, opening new possibilities for their application via nebulization in SARS-CoV-2 therapy.