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Yang C, Sun M, Yang Y, Han Y, Wu X, Wu X, Cao H, Chen L, Lei Y, Hu X, Chen Y, Zeng Z, Li J, Shu X, Yang Z, Lu K, Li Y, Wang X, Yi B. Elevated circulating BMP9 aggravates pulmonary angiogenesis in hepatopulmonary syndrome rats through ALK1-Endoglin-Smad1/5/9 signalling. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14212. [PMID: 38591651 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is a hepatokine that plays a pivotal role in the progression of liver diseases. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have shown that BMP9 is associated with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), but its role in HPS is unclear. Here, we evaluated the influence of CBDL on BMP9 expression and investigated potential mechanisms of BMP9 signalling in HPS. METHODS We profiled the circulating BMP9 levels in common bile duct ligation-induced HPS rat model, and then investigated the effects and mechanisms of HPS rat serum on pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction in rat model, as well as in primarily cultured rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. RESULTS Our data revealed that circulating BMP9 levels were significantly increased in the HPS rats compared to control group. Besides, the elevated BMP9 in HPS rat serum was not only crucial for promoting endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation through the activin receptor-like kinase1 (ALK1)-Endoglin-Smad1/5/9 pathway, but also important for accumulation of monocytes. Treatments with ALK1-Fc or silencing ALK1 expression to inhibit the BMP9 signalling pathway effectively eliminated these effects. In agreement with these observations, increased circulating BMP9 was associated with an increase in lung vessel density and accumulation of pro-angiogenic monocytes in the microvasculature in HPS rats. CONCLUSIONS This study provided evidence that elevated circulating BMP9, secreted from the liver, promote pulmonary angiogenesis in HPS rats via ALK1-Endoglin-Smad1/5/9 pathway. In addition, BMP9-regulated pathways are also involved in accumulation of pro-angiogenic monocytes in the pulmonary microvasculature in HPS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yihui Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiulin Wu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianfeng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huilin Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhao Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyang Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaizhi Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- MCD, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Alkhathami AG, Abdullah MR, Ahmed M, Hassan Ahmed H, Alwash SW, Muhammed Mahdi Z, Alsaikhan F, Dera AA. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)9 in cancer development: mechanistic, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches? J Drug Target 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37461888 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2236330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9 is considered a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)β superfamily. It was first found as an inducer of bone and cartilage formation and then discovered that this factor mediates several physiologic functions and hemostasis. Besides physiological conditions, BMP9 has also been elucidated that it is involved in several pathological situations, especially cancer. In various cancers, dysregulation of BMP9 has raised the issue that BMP9 might play a conflicting role in tumour development. BMP9 binding to its receptors (BMPRs), including ALKs and BMPRII, induces canonical SMAD-dependent and non-canonical PI3K/AKT and MAPK signalling pathways in tumour cells. BMP9, via inducing apoptosis, inhibiting tumour-promoting cell signalling pathways, suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, blocking angiogenesis, and preventing cross-talk in the tumour microenvironment, mainly exerts tumour-suppressive functions. In contrast, BMP9 triggers tumour-supportive signalling pathways, promotes EMT, and enhances angiogenesis, suggesting that BMP9 is also involved in tumour development. It has been demonstrated that modulating BMP9 expression and functions might be a promising approach to cancer treatment. It has also been indicated that evaluating BMP9 expression in cancers might be a biomarker for predicting cancer prognosis. Overall, BMP9 would provide a promising target in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali G Alkhathami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhjaha Ahmed
- Medical Technical college, Al-Farahidi University, Iraq
| | | | - Sarab W Alwash
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq Hillah
| | | | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayed A Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Upregulation of Robo4 expression by SMAD signaling suppresses vascular permeability and mortality in endotoxemia and COVID-19 models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213317120. [PMID: 36634143 PMCID: PMC9934020 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213317120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop novel drugs to reduce the mortality from severe infectious diseases with the emergence of new pathogens, including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although current drugs effectively suppress the proliferation of pathogens, immune cell activation, and inflammatory cytokine functions, they cannot completely reduce mortality from severe infections and sepsis. In this study, we focused on the endothelial cell-specific protein, Roundabout 4 (Robo4), which suppresses vascular permeability by stabilizing endothelial cells, and investigated whether enhanced Robo4 expression could be a novel therapeutic strategy against severe infectious diseases. Endothelial-specific overexpression of Robo4 suppresses vascular permeability and reduces mortality in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice. Screening of small molecules that regulate Robo4 expression and subsequent analysis revealed that two competitive small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) signaling pathways, activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5)-SMAD2/3 and ALK1-SMAD1/5, positively and negatively regulate Robo4 expression, respectively. An ALK1 inhibitor was found to increase Robo4 expression in mouse lungs, suppress vascular permeability, prevent extravasation of melanoma cells, and decrease mortality in LPS-treated mice. The inhibitor suppressed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced endothelial barrier disruption and decreased mortality in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. These results indicate that enhancing Robo4 expression is an efficient strategy to suppress vascular permeability and mortality in severe infectious diseases, including COVID-19, and that small molecules that upregulate Robo4 can be potential therapeutic agents against these diseases.
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4
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Xu C, Liu W, Yin C, Li W, Liu J, Sheng W, Tang H, Li W, Zhang Q. Establishment and Validation of a Machine Learning Prediction Model Based on Big Data for Predicting the Risk of Bone Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5676570. [PMID: 36226243 PMCID: PMC9550489 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5676570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients with bone metastasis (BM) is poor, this study is aimed at using big data to build a machine learning (ML) model to predict the risk of BM in RCC patients. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 40,355 RCC patients in the SEER database from 2010 to 2017. LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent risk factors of RCC-BM. Six ML algorithm models, including LR, GBM, XGB, RF, DT, and NBC, were used to establish risk models for predicting RCC-BM. The prediction performance of ML models was weighed by 10-fold cross-validation. RESULTS The study investigated 40,355 patients diagnosed with RCC in the SEER database, where 1,811 (4.5%) were BM patients. Independent risk factors for BM were tumor grade, T stage, N stage, liver metastasis, lung metastasis, and brain metastasis. Among the RCC-BM risk prediction models established by six ML algorithms, the XGB model showed the best prediction performance (AUC = 0.891). Therefore, a network calculator based on the XGB model was established to individually assess the risk of BM in patients with RCC. CONCLUSION The XGB risk prediction model based on the ML algorithm performed a good prediction effect on BM in RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang 712000, China
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Wencai Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Chengliang Yin
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wanying Li
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Shanghai National Engineering Research Center of Biochip, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wanli Sheng
- Hohhot Technical Center of Hohhot Customs District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Haotong Tang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wenle Li
- Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710004, China
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5
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Horst B, Pradhan S, Chaudhary R, Listik E, Quintero-Macias L, Choi AS, Southard M, Liu Y, Whitaker R, Hempel N, Berchuck A, Nixon AB, Lee NY, Henis YI, Mythreye K. Hypoxia-induced inhibin promotes tumor growth and vascular permeability in ovarian cancers. Commun Biol 2022; 5:536. [PMID: 35654828 PMCID: PMC9163327 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a driver of tumor growth and metastasis, regulates angiogenic pathways that are targets for vessel normalization and ovarian cancer management. However, toxicities and resistance to anti-angiogenics can limit their use making identification of new targets vital. Inhibin, a heteromeric TGFβ ligand, is a contextual regulator of tumor progression acting as an early tumor suppressor, yet also an established biomarker for ovarian cancers. Here, we find that hypoxia increases inhibin levels in ovarian cancer cell lines, xenograft tumors, and patients. Inhibin is regulated primarily through HIF-1, shifting the balance under hypoxia from activins to inhibins. Hypoxia regulated inhibin promotes tumor growth, endothelial cell invasion and permeability. Targeting inhibin in vivo through knockdown and anti-inhibin strategies robustly reduces permeability in vivo and alters the balance of pro and anti-angiogenic mechanisms resulting in vascular normalization. Mechanistically, inhibin regulates permeability by increasing VE-cadherin internalization via ACVRL1 and CD105, a receptor complex that we find to be stabilized directly by inhibin. Our findings demonstrate direct roles for inhibins in vascular normalization via TGF-β receptors providing new insights into the therapeutic significance of inhibins as a strategy to normalize the tumor vasculature in ovarian cancer. Hypoxia increases levels of the heteromeric TGFβ ligand inhibin in ovarian cancer and inhibin promotes tumor growth, endothelial cell invasion and permeability.
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6
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The Dual Effect of the BMP9-ALK1 Pathway in Blood Vessels: An Opportunity for Cancer Therapy Improvement? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215412. [PMID: 34771575 PMCID: PMC8582496 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The modulation of tumor blood vessels is a great opportunity for improving cancer therapies. Understanding the cellular and molecular players that regulate the biology of tumor blood vessels and tumor angiogenesis is necessary for the development of new anti-tumor strategies. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is a circulating factor with multiple effects in vascular biology through its receptor activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1). In this review, we give an overview of the possible benefits of modulating BMP9–ALK1 functions for cancer therapy improvement. Abstract The improvement of cancer therapy efficacy, the extension of patient survival and the reduction of adverse side effects are major challenges in cancer research. Targeting blood vessels has been considered a promising strategy in cancer therapy. Since the tumor vasculature is disorganized, leaky and triggers immunosuppression and tumor hypoxia, several strategies have been studied to modify tumor vasculature for cancer therapy improvement. Anti-angiogenesis was first described as a mechanism to prevent the formation of new blood vessels and prevent the oxygen supply to tumor cells, showing numerous limitations. Vascular normalization using low doses of anti-angiogenic drugs was purposed to overcome the limitations of anti-angiogenic therapies. Other strategies such as vascular promotion or the induction of high endothelial venules are being studied now to improve cancer therapy. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) exerts a dual effect through the activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) receptor in blood vessel maturation or activation phase of angiogenesis. Thus, it is an interesting pathway to target in combination with chemotherapies or immunotherapies. This review manuscript explores the effect of the BMP9–ALK1 pathway in tumor angiogenesis and the possible usefulness of targeting this pathway in anti-angiogenesis, vascular normalization or vascular promotion therapies.
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7
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Hou Y, He YX, Zhang JH, Wang SR, Zhang Y. Effects of bone morphogenetic proteins on epithelial repair. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2269-2277. [PMID: 34233522 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211028193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissue has important functions such as protection, secretion, and sensation. Epithelial damage is involved in various pathological processes. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a class of growth factors with multiple functions. They play important roles in epithelial cells, including in differentiation, proliferation, and migration during the repair of the epithelium. This article reviews the functions and mechanisms of the most profoundly studied BMPs in the process of epithelial damage repair and their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.,Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yu-Xi He
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jia-Hao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.,Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shu-Rong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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8
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Ros F, Offner S, Klostermann S, Thorey I, Niersbach H, Breuer S, Zarnt G, Lorenz S, Puels J, Siewe B, Schueler N, Dragicevic T, Ostler D, Hansen-Wester I, Lifke V, Kaluza B, Kaluza K, van Schooten W, Buelow R, Tissot AC, Platzer J. Rabbits transgenic for human IgG genes recapitulating rabbit B-cell biology to generate human antibodies of high specificity and affinity. MAbs 2020; 12:1846900. [PMID: 33228444 PMCID: PMC7780963 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1846900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic animals incorporating human antibody genes are extremely attractive for drug development because they obviate subsequent antibody humanization procedures required for therapeutic translation. Transgenic platforms have previously been established using mice, but also more recently rats, chickens, and cows and are now in abundant use for drug development. However, rabbit-based antibody generation, with a strong track record for specificity and affinity, is able to include gene conversion mediated sequence diversification, thereby enhancing binder maturation and improving the variance/selection of output antibodies in a different way than in rodents. Since it additionally frequently permits good binder generation against antigens that are only weakly immunogenic in other organisms, it is a highly interesting species for therapeutic antibody generation. We report here on the generation, utilization, and analysis of the first transgenic rabbit strain for human antibody production. Through the knockout of endogenous IgM genes and the introduction of human immunoglobulin sequences, this rabbit strain has been engineered to generate a highly diverse human IgG antibody repertoire. We further incorporated human CD79a/b and Bcl2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) genes, which enhance B-cell receptor expression and B-cell survival. Following immunization against the angiogenic factor BMP9 (Bone Morphogenetic Proteins 9), we were able to isolate a set of exquisitely affine and specific neutralizing antibodies from these rabbits. Sequence analysis of these binders revealed that both somatic hypermutation and gene conversion are fully operational in this strain, without compromising the very high degree of humanness. This powerful new transgenic strategy will allow further expansion of the use of endogenous immune mechanisms in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ros
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Offner
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Klostermann
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg, Germany
| | - Irmgard Thorey
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Niersbach
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Breuer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg, Germany
| | - Grit Zarnt
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorenz
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Basile Siewe
- THE JACKSON LABORATORY JMCRS, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Schueler
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg, Germany
| | - Tajana Dragicevic
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg, Germany
| | - Dominique Ostler
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg, Germany
| | - Imke Hansen-Wester
- Supplier Quality Management, Global External Quality Roche Diagnostics GmbH , Penzberg, Germany
| | - Valeria Lifke
- Personalized Healthcare Solution, Immunoassay Development and System Integration, Roche Diagnostics GmbH , Penzberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Kaluza
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kaluza
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Alain C Tissot
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg, Germany
| | - Josef Platzer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg, Germany
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9
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Tang N, Rao S, Ying Y, Huang Y. New insights into BMP9 signaling in organ fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Szulcek R, Sanchez-Duffhues G, Rol N, Pan X, Tsonaka R, Dickhoff C, Yung LM, Manz XD, Kurakula K, Kiełbasa SM, Mei H, Timens W, Yu PB, Bogaard HJ, Goumans MJ. Exacerbated inflammatory signaling underlies aberrant response to BMP9 in pulmonary arterial hypertension lung endothelial cells. Angiogenesis 2020; 23:699-714. [PMID: 32813135 PMCID: PMC7524846 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Imbalanced transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling are postulated to favor a pathological pulmonary endothelial cell (EC) phenotype in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). BMP9 is shown to reinstate BMP receptor type-II (BMPR2) levels and thereby mitigate hemodynamic and vascular abnormalities in several animal models of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Yet, responses of the pulmonary endothelium of PAH patients to BMP9 are unknown. Therefore, we treated primary PAH patient-derived and healthy pulmonary ECs with BMP9 and observed that stimulation induces transient transcriptional signaling associated with the process of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). However, solely PAH pulmonary ECs showed signs of a mesenchymal trans-differentiation characterized by a loss of VE-cadherin, induction of transgelin (SM22α), and reorganization of the cytoskeleton. In the PAH cells, a prolonged EndMT signaling was found accompanied by sustained elevation of pro-inflammatory, pro-hypoxic, and pro-apoptotic signaling. Herein we identified interleukin-6 (IL6)-dependent signaling to be the central mediator required for the BMP9-induced phenotypic change in PAH pulmonary ECs. Furthermore, we were able to target the BMP9-induced EndMT process by an IL6 capturing antibody that normalized autocrine IL6 levels, prevented mesenchymal transformation, and maintained a functional EC phenotype in PAH pulmonary ECs. In conclusion, our results show that the BMP9-induced aberrant EndMT in PAH pulmonary ECs is dependent on exacerbated pro-inflammatory signaling mediated through IL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Szulcek
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonzalo Sanchez-Duffhues
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Rol
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoke Pan
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roula Tsonaka
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Medical Statistics Section, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lai Ming Yung
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xue D Manz
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Universtiy of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul B Yu
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harm-Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
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11
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Viallard C, Audiger C, Popovic N, Akla N, Lanthier K, Legault-Navarrete I, Melichar H, Costantino S, Lesage S, Larrivée B. BMP9 signaling promotes the normalization of tumor blood vessels. Oncogene 2020; 39:2996-3014. [PMID: 32042114 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of an immature tumor vascular network contributes to cancer dissemination and the development of resistance to therapies. Strategies to normalize the tumor vasculature are therefore of significant therapeutic interest for cancer treatments. VEGF inhibitors are used clinically to normalize tumor blood vessels. However, the time frame and dosage of these inhibitors required to achieve normalization is rather narrow, and there is a need to identify additional signaling targets to attain vascular normalization. In addition to VEGF, the endothelial-specific receptor Alk1 plays a critical role in vascular development and promotes vascular remodeling and maturation. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the effects of the Alk1 ligand BMP9 on tumor vascular formation. BMP9 overexpression in Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) tumors significantly delayed tumor growth. Blood vessels in BMP9-overexpressing LLC tumors displayed markers of vascular maturation and were characterized by increased perivascular cell coverage. Tumor vasculature normalization was associated with decreased permeability and increased perfusion. These changes in vascular function in BMP9-overexpressing LLC tumors resulted in significant alterations of the tumor microenvironment, characterized by a decrease in hypoxia and an increase in immune infiltration. In conclusion, we show that BMP9 promotes vascular normalization in LLC tumors that leads to changes in the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Viallard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cindy Audiger
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Natalija Popovic
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Naoufal Akla
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin Lanthier
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Heather Melichar
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Santiago Costantino
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bruno Larrivée
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Epithelial‑mesenchymal transition induced by bone morphogenetic protein 9 hinders cisplatin efficacy in ovarian cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:1501-1508. [PMID: 30628686 PMCID: PMC6390058 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, and has been reported to promote cancer cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cisplatin (DDP) is the first line treatment for ovarian cancer. However, initiation of EMT confers insensitivity to chemotherapy. The present study aimed to verify and examine the mechanisms underlying the effects of BMP9 on treatment with DDP for ovarian cancer. Prior to treatment with DDP, ovarian cancer cells were exposed to BMP9 for 3 days. Following this, cell viability, apoptosis rate and the extent of DNA damage were evaluated to compare the effects of DDP on BMP9-pretreated and non-pretreated ovarian cancer cells. In addition, EMT marker expression was evaluated by western blotting and immunofluorescence. The results demonstrated that BMP9 pretreatment inhibited the cytotoxicity of DDP on ovarian cancer cells. Additionally, BMP9-pretreated ovarian cancer cells had downregulated expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, which was accompanied by an upregulation of the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, and Twist. Taken together, the findings of the present study indicated that BMP9 conferred resistance to DDP in ovarian cancer cells by inducing EMT. The present study provided valuable insight into the mechanisms of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer and highlighted the potential of BMP9 as a novel therapeutic target for improving cisplatin chemosensitivity.
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Ouarné M, Bouvard C, Boneva G, Mallet C, Ribeiro J, Desroches-Castan A, Soleilhac E, Tillet E, Peyruchaud O, Bailly S. BMP9, but not BMP10, acts as a quiescence factor on tumor growth, vessel normalization and metastasis in a mouse model of breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:209. [PMID: 30165893 PMCID: PMC6118004 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis has become an attractive target for cancer therapy. However, despite the initial success of anti-VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) therapies, the overall survival appears only modestly improved and resistance to therapy often develops. Other anti-angiogenic targets are thus urgently needed. The predominant expression of the type I BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) receptor ALK1 (activin receptor-like kinase 1) in endothelial cells makes it an attractive target, and phase I/II trials are currently being conducted. ALK1 binds with strong affinity to two ligands that belong to the TGF-ß family, BMP9 and BMP10. In the present work, we addressed their specific roles in tumor angiogenesis, cancer development and metastasis in a mammary cancer model. METHODS For this, we used knockout (KO) mice for BMP9 (constitutive Gdf2-deficient), for BMP10 (inducible Bmp10-deficient) and double KO mice (Gdf2 and Bmp10) in a syngeneic immunocompetent orthotopic mouse model of spontaneous metastatic breast cancer (E0771). RESULTS Our studies demonstrate a specific role for BMP9 in the E0771 mammary carcinoma model. Gdf2 deletion increased tumor growth while inhibiting vessel maturation and tumor perfusion. Gdf2 deletion also increased the number and the mean size of lung metastases. On the other hand, Bmp10 deletion did not significantly affect the E0771 mammary model and the double deletion (Gdf2 and Bmp10) did not lead to a stronger phenotype than the single Gdf2 deletion. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data show that in a tumor environment BMP9 and BMP10 play different roles and thus blocking their shared receptor ALK1 is maybe not appropriate. Indeed, BMP9, but not BMP10, acts as a quiescence factor on tumor growth, lung metastasis and vessel normalization. Our results also support that activating rather than blocking the BMP9 pathway could be a new strategy for tumor vessel normalization in order to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ouarné
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Bouvard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Gabriela Boneva
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Mallet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Johnny Ribeiro
- Inserm, U1033, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,, Faculté de Médecine de Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | - Agnès Desroches-Castan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Soleilhac
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie à Grande Echelle, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Tillet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Peyruchaud
- Inserm, U1033, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,, Faculté de Médecine de Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | - Sabine Bailly
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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Brand V, Lehmann C, Umkehrer C, Bissinger S, Thier M, de Wouters M, Raemsch R, Jucknischke U, Haas A, Breuer S, Birzele F, Racek T, Reis M, Lorenzon E, Herting F, Stürzl M, Lorenz S, Kienast Y. Impact of selective anti-BMP9 treatment on tumor cells and tumor angiogenesis. Mol Oncol 2018; 10:1603-1620. [PMID: 28949445 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of bone morphogenic protein 9 (BMP9) signaling in angiogenesis has been controversial, with a number of studies showing that it acts either as a pro-angiogenic or, conversely, as an anti-angiogenic factor in a context-dependent manner. Notably, BMP9 was also reported to function in both pro- or anti-tumorigenic roles during tumor progression. It has therefore remained unclear, whether selective BMP9 inhibition is a useful target for antibody therapy of cancer. To shed light on these questions, we characterized BMP9 expression in plasma of patients with different cancer indications and found elevated levels of pro-domains and precursor BMP9 with a strong response in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). These studies prompted us to evaluate the potential of selective anti-BMP9 cancer therapy in RCC. We generated a novel monoclonal therapeutic antibody candidate, mAb BMP9-0093, that selectively targets all different BMP9 variants but does not bind to the closest homolog BMP10. In vitro, mAb BMP9-0093 treatment inhibited signaling, endothelin-1 (ET-1) production and spreading of endothelial cells and restored BMP9-induced decrease in pericyte migration and attachment. Furthermore, BMP9-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal cell carcinoma cells was reversed by mAb BMP9-0093 treatment in vitro. In vivo, mAb BMP9-0093 showed significant anti-tumor activity that was associated with an increase in apoptosis as well as a decrease in tumor cell proliferation and ET-1 release. Furthermore, mAb BMP9-0093 induced mural cell coverage of endothelial cells, which was corroborated by a reduction in vascular permeability, demonstrated by a diminished penetration of omalizumab-Alexa 647 into tumor tissue. Our findings provide new evidence for a better understanding of BMP9 contribution in tumor progression and angiogenesis that may result in the development of effective targeted therapeutic interventions.
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