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Naik YD, Bahuguna RN, Garcia‐Caparros P, Zwart RS, Reddy MSS, Mir RR, Jha UC, Fakrudin B, Pandey MK, Challabathula D, Sharma VK, Reddy UK, Kumar CVS, Mendu V, Prasad PVV, Punnuri SM, Varshney RK, Thudi M. Exploring the multifaceted dynamics of flowering time regulation in field crops: Insight and intervention approaches. THE PLANT GENOME 2025; 18:e70017. [PMID: 40164968 PMCID: PMC11958873 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.70017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2025] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
The flowering time (FTi) plays a critical role in the reproductive success and yield of various crop species by directly impacting both the quality and quantity of grain yield. Achieving optimal FTi is crucial for maximizing reproductive success and ensuring overall agricultural productivity. While genetic factors undoubtedly influence FTi, photoperiodism and vernalization are recognized as key contributors to the complex physiological processes governing flowering in plants. Identifying candidate genes and pathways associated with FTi is essential for developing genomic interventions and plant breeding to enhance adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. This review highlights the intricate nature of the regulatory mechanisms of flowering and emphasizes the vital importance of precisely regulating FTi to ensure plant adaptability and reproductive success. Special attention is given to essential genes, pathways, and genomic interventions geared toward promoting early flowering, particularly under challenging environmental conditions such as drought, heat, and cold stress as well as other abiotic stresses that occur during the critical flowering stage of major field crops. Moreover, this review explores the significant progress achieved in omics technologies, offering valuable insights and tools for deciphering and regulating FTi. In summary, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms governing FTi, with a particular focus on their crucial role in bolstering yields under adverse environmental conditions to safeguard food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Dashrath Naik
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Molecular BiologyDr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural UniversityPusaBiharIndia
| | | | | | - Rebecca S. Zwart
- Centre for Crop Health and School of Agriculture and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Southern QueenslandToowoombaAustralia
| | - M. S. Sai Reddy
- Department of EntomologyDr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural UniversityPusaBiharIndia
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Faculty of AgricultureSher‐e‐Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologySoporeKashmirIndia
| | - Uday Chand Jha
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Institute of Pulses ResearchKanpurUttar PradeshIndia
| | - B. Fakrudin
- Department of Biotechnology and Crop ImprovementUniversity of Horticultural SciencesBagalkotKarnatakaIndia
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid TropicsHyderabadTelanganaIndia
| | - Dinakar Challabathula
- Department of BiotechnologyCentral University of Tamil NaduThiruvarurTamil NaduIndia
| | - Vinay Kumar Sharma
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Molecular BiologyDr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural UniversityPusaBiharIndia
| | - Umesh K. Reddy
- Department of BiologyWest Virginia State UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Chanda Venkata Sameer Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant BreedingProfessor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural UniversityHyderabadTelanganaIndia
| | - Venugopal Mendu
- Department of Agronomy, Agribusiness & Environmental SciencesTexas A&M UniversityKingsvilleTexasUSA
| | | | - Somashekhar M. Punnuri
- College of Agriculture, Family Sciences and TechnologyFort Valley State UniversityFort ValleyGeorgiaUSA
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food InnovationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Mahendar Thudi
- Centre for Crop Health and School of Agriculture and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Southern QueenslandToowoombaAustralia
- College of Agriculture, Family Sciences and TechnologyFort Valley State UniversityFort ValleyGeorgiaUSA
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Kabade PG, Kumar S, Kohli A, Singh UM, Sinha P, Singh VK. Speed breeding 3.0: mainstreaming light-driven plant breeding for sustainable genetic gains. Trends Biotechnol 2025:S0167-7799(25)00138-6. [PMID: 40413116 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2025.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2025] [Revised: 04/02/2025] [Accepted: 04/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025]
Abstract
Advances in photobiological tools are revolutionizing plant breeding by enabling precise control of light parameters, addressing yield stagnation, and mitigating climate challenges. Full-spectrum light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and optimized light protocols have significantly reduced breeding cycles. This review highlights light-driven strategies that are accessible and practical for plant breeders worldwide including the role of light spectrum, intensity, and photoperiod in acceleration of plant growth in both short- and long-day crops. Speed breeding 3.0, with tailored rapid generation advancement (RGA) protocols designed for diverse crop populations, has the potential to significantly sustain genetic gains in a more efficient and targeted manner. These innovative approaches hold the potential to transform global agriculture and secure food systems in the face of rising populations and environmental uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Gorakhanath Kabade
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines; International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), South-Asia Regional Centre (ISARC), Varanasi, India; Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kohli
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Uma Maheshwar Singh
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines; International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), South-Asia Regional Centre (ISARC), Varanasi, India
| | - Pallavi Sinha
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines; International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), South Asia Hub, Patancheru, India.
| | - Vikas Kumar Singh
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines; International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), South Asia Hub, Patancheru, India.
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Cha JK, Park H, Jang SG, Choi C, Kwon Y, Lee SM, Kim Y, Jin BJ, Lee JH, Kwon SW, Kim WJ. Identification and validation of a major quantitative trait locus for precise control of heading date in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2025; 25:616. [PMID: 40348961 PMCID: PMC12065283 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-025-06646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2025] [Accepted: 04/29/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heading date (HD) is a crucial agronomic trait in wheat, significantly influencing both adaptation and yield. Despite having identical genotypes for the major heading genes Vrn-1 and Ppd-1, two Korean wheat cultivars, Jokyoung and Joongmo2008, exhibit substantial differences in heading date. However, the underlying genetic factors responsible for this variation remain unclear. To address this, we aimed to identify major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with narrow-sense earliness under field conditions and develop a practical molecular marker for wheat breeding programs. RESULTS A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was developed from a cross between the late-heading Jokyoung and the early-heading Joongmo2008 using speed breeding systems. The RILs were genotyped using a 35 K SNP chip, and a genetic map was constructed. A stable QTL for HD (qDH-3A) was identified on chromosome 3A, with an average logarithm of the odds (LOD) score of 59.4, explaining 72.6% of the phenotypic variance in HD across three years of field phenotyping. This indicates the robustness of qDH-3 A across multiple environments. Additionally, a kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker linked to qDH-3A was developed and validated. The marker showed significant genotypic differences and effectiveness across diverse genetic backgrounds, including 616 worldwide wheat accessions. CONCLUSIONS The successful application of the KASP marker in both the RIL population and broader genetic resources highlights its potential use for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in wheat breeding programs. This study provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of HD in wheat and offers practical tools for developing cultivars better adapted to specific environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyung Cha
- Department of Upland Crop Sciences, National Institute of Crop and Food Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeonjin Park
- Department of Upland Crop Sciences, National Institute of Crop and Food Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Jang
- Department of Upland Crop Sciences, National Institute of Crop and Food Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyun Choi
- Department of Crop Sciences, National Institute of Crop and Food Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Kwon
- Department of Upland Crop Sciences, National Institute of Crop and Food Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Myeong Lee
- Department of Upland Crop Sciences, National Institute of Crop and Food Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Yurim Kim
- Department of Crop Sciences, National Institute of Crop and Food Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jun Jin
- Department of Upland Crop Sciences, National Institute of Crop and Food Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Lee
- Department of Upland Crop Sciences, National Institute of Crop and Food Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Wook Kwon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 60463, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jae Kim
- Department of Upland Crop Sciences, National Institute of Crop and Food Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea
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Wu Y, Shuai R, Zhan X, Wang Q, Tang S, Gao T, Zhao Y, Yang Q, Bian Z. Low-Temperature and Light Pretreatment Interactively Promote Rapid Flowering, Early Ripening, and Yield Accumulation of Winter Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:4280. [PMID: 40362517 PMCID: PMC12072254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26094280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2025] [Revised: 04/21/2025] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Exposing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds to a combination of light and low temperatures for 4-6 weeks, followed by transferring to speed breeding (SB) conditions, has been demonstrated to effectively reduce generation time in winter wheat. To reveal the underlying mechanisms of accelerated generation advancement in winter wheat, we investigated changes in transcriptome and the subsequent responses in plant growth, flowering of germinated seeds vernalized at 4 °C with white exposure (VL) or under dark conditions (VD) for 4 weeks before sowing, and subsequent growth under SB conditions. Germinated seeds without vernalization were directly sown under SB conditions and served as controls (Control). The results showed that, compared with Control and VD, VL significantly expedited vernalization, resulting in early flowering for around 6 days and accelerated ripening of progeny seeds for 13 days with a higher germination index and vigor index. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differently expressed genes (DEGs) involved in GA synthesis and its signal transduction both participated in the light-induced speed vernalization and the subsequent rapid growth and development of winter wheat. The MADS-box transcription factors, especially VRN-A1 and MADS55, might play a vital role in the light- and low-temperature-induced early flowering. Our results stress the importance of light in vernalization and lay the groundwork for further elucidating the mechanisms underlying the light-induced speed vernalization of winter wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Wu
- College of Agriculture and Animal, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.W.); (Q.W.)
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 600001, China; (R.S.); (X.Z.); (S.T.); (T.G.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Runnan Shuai
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 600001, China; (R.S.); (X.Z.); (S.T.); (T.G.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Xiaoxu Zhan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 600001, China; (R.S.); (X.Z.); (S.T.); (T.G.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qiangui Wang
- College of Agriculture and Animal, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.W.); (Q.W.)
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 600001, China; (R.S.); (X.Z.); (S.T.); (T.G.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Si Tang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 600001, China; (R.S.); (X.Z.); (S.T.); (T.G.); (Q.Y.)
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 600001, China; (R.S.); (X.Z.); (S.T.); (T.G.); (Q.Y.)
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- College of Agriculture and Animal, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.W.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qichang Yang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 600001, China; (R.S.); (X.Z.); (S.T.); (T.G.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Zhonghua Bian
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 600001, China; (R.S.); (X.Z.); (S.T.); (T.G.); (Q.Y.)
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Kan W, Gao Y, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Yang Z, Cheng Y, Guo J, Wang D, Tang C, Wu L. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of TaFDL gene family responded to vernalization in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC Genomics 2025; 26:255. [PMID: 40091016 PMCID: PMC11912598 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-025-11436-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FLOWERING LOCUS D (FD) is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor known to be crucial in vernalization, flowering, and stress response across a variety of plants, including biennial and winter annual species. The TaFD-like (TaFDL) gene in wheat is the functional homologue of Arabidopsis FD, yet research on the TaFDL gene family in wheat is still lacking. RESULTS In this study, a total of 62 TaFDL gene family members were identified and classified into 4 main subfamilies, and these genes were located on 21 chromosomes. A comprehensive analysis of the basic physicochemical properties, gene structure, conservation motif, conserved domain, and advanced protein structure of TaFDL gene family revealed the conservation among its individual subfamily. The family members underwent purifying selection. The segmental duplication events were the main driving force behind the expansion of the TaFDL gene family. The TaFDL gene family underwent differentiation in the evolution of FD genes. Additionally, the subcellular localization and transcriptional activation activities of five key TaFDL members were demonstrated. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations and promoter cis-regulatory element analysis indicated that the TaFDL members may play potential roles in regulating flowering, hormone response, low-temperature response, light response, and stress response, which were verified by transcriptome data analysis. Specifically, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that five TaFDL genes exhibited differential responses to different vernalization conditions in winter wheat seeding. Finally, the homologous genes of the five key TaFDL genes across nine different wheat cultivars highlight significant genetic diversity. CONCLUSION These findings enrich the research on FD and its homologous genes, providing valuable insights into the TaFDL gene family's response to vernalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Kan
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Yameng Gao
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Yan Zhu
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Zhu Yang
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Dacheng Wang
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Caiguo Tang
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China.
| | - Lifang Wu
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
- Zhongke Taihe Experimental Station, Taihe, Anhui, 236626, PR China.
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Feng Y, Li Z, Kong X, Khan A, Ullah N, Zhang X. Plant Coping with Cold Stress: Molecular and Physiological Adaptive Mechanisms with Future Perspectives. Cells 2025; 14:110. [PMID: 39851537 PMCID: PMC11764090 DOI: 10.3390/cells14020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2024] [Revised: 01/10/2025] [Accepted: 01/11/2025] [Indexed: 01/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Cold stress strongly hinders plant growth and development. However, the molecular and physiological adaptive mechanisms of cold stress tolerance in plants are not well understood. Plants adopt several morpho-physiological changes to withstand cold stress. Plants have evolved various strategies to cope with cold stress. These strategies included changes in cellular membranes and chloroplast structure, regulating cold signals related to phytohormones and plant growth regulators (ABA, JA, GA, IAA, SA, BR, ET, CTK, and MET), reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein kinases, and inorganic ions. This review summarizes the mechanisms of how plants respond to cold stress, covering four main signal transduction pathways, including the abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction pathway, Ca2+ signal transduction pathway, ROS signal transduction pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/MPK) cascade pathway. Some transcription factors, such as AP2/ERF, MYB, WRKY, NAC, and bZIP, not only act as calmodulin-binding proteins during cold perception but can also play important roles in the downstream chilling-signaling pathway. This review also highlights the analysis of those transcription factors such as bHLH, especially bHLH-type transcription factors ICE, and discusses their functions as phytohormone-responsive elements binding proteins in the promoter region under cold stress. In addition, a theoretical framework outlining plant responses to cold stress tolerance has been proposed. This theory aims to guide future research directions and inform agricultural production practices, ultimately enhancing crop resilience to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (X.K.)
| | - Zengqiang Li
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (X.K.)
| | - Xiangjun Kong
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (X.K.)
| | - Aziz Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Xin Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (X.K.)
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Mascher M, Jayakodi M, Shim H, Stein N. Promises and challenges of crop translational genomics. Nature 2024; 636:585-593. [PMID: 39313530 PMCID: PMC7616746 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Crop translational genomics applies breeding techniques based on genomic datasets to improve crops. Technological breakthroughs in the past ten years have made it possible to sequence the genomes of increasing numbers of crop varieties and have assisted in the genetic dissection of crop performance. However, translating research findings to breeding applications remains challenging. Here we review recent progress and future prospects for crop translational genomics in bringing results from the laboratory to the field. Genetic mapping, genomic selection and sequence-assisted characterization and deployment of plant genetic resources utilize rapid genotyping of large populations. These approaches have all had an impact on breeding for qualitative traits, where single genes with large phenotypic effects exert their influence. Characterization of the complex genetic architectures that underlie quantitative traits such as yield and flowering time, especially in newly domesticated crops, will require further basic research, including research into regulation and interactions of genes and the integration of genomic approaches and high-throughput phenotyping, before targeted interventions can be designed. Future priorities for translation include supporting genomics-assisted breeding in low-income countries and adaptation of crops to changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Murukarthick Jayakodi
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Hyeonah Shim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany.
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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Zhang W, Liao L, Wan B, Han Y. Deciphering the genetic mechanisms of chilling requirement for bud endodormancy release in deciduous fruit trees. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2024; 44:70. [PMID: 39391168 PMCID: PMC11461438 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-024-01510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Bud endodormancy in deciduous fruit trees is an adaptive trait evolved by selection for the capacity to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Deciduous trees require a certain amount of winter chill named chilling requirement (CR) to promote bud endodormancy release. In recent decades, global warming has endangered the chill accumulation in deciduous fruit trees. Developing low-CR cultivars is a practical way to neutralize the effect of climate changes on the cultivation and distribution of deciduous fruit trees. In this review, we focus on the effect of chilling accumulation on bud endodormancy release and the genetic mechanisms underlying the chilling requirement in deciduous fruit trees. Additionally, we put forth a regulatory model for bud endodormancy and provide prospective directions for future research in deciduous fruit trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Liao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Baoxiong Wan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Specialty Commercial Crops in North Guangxi, Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, 541004 Guangxi China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
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Sandhu N, Singh J, Pruthi G, Verma VK, Raigar OP, Bains NS, Chhuneja P, Kumar A. SpeedyPaddy: a revolutionized cost-effective protocol for large scale offseason advancement of rice germplasm. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:109. [PMID: 39033149 PMCID: PMC11264910 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the rate of genetic gain of cereal crop will rely on the accelerated crop breeding pipelines to allow rapid delivery of improved crop varieties. The laborious, time-consuming traditional breeding cycle, and the seasonal variations are the key factor restricting the breeder to develop new varieties. To address these issues, a revolutionized cost-effective speed breeding protocol for large-scale rice germplasm advancement is presented in the present study. The protocol emphasises on optimizing potting material, balancing the double-edged sword of limited nutritional dose, mode and stage of application, plant density, temperature, humidity, light spectrum, intensity, photoperiod, and hormonal regulation to accelerate rice growth and development. RESULTS The plant density of 700 plants/m2, cost-effective halogen tubes (B:G:R:FR-7.0:27.6:65.4:89.2) with an intensity of ∼ 750-800 µmol/m2/s and photoperiod of 13 h light and 11 h dark during seedling and vegetative stage and 8 h light and 16 h dark during reproductive stage had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on reducing the mean plant height, tillering, and inducing early flowering. Our results confirmed that one generation can be achieved within 68-75 days using the cost-effective SpeedyPaddy protocol resulting in 4-5 generations per year across different duration of rice varieties. The other applications include hybridization, trait-based phenotyping, and mapping of QTL/genes. The estimated cost to run one breeding cycle with plant capacity of 15,680 plants in SpeedyPaddy was $2941 including one-time miscellaneous cost which is much lower than the advanced controlled environment speed breeding facilities. CONCLUSION The protocol offers a promising cost-effective solution with average saving of 2.0 to 2.6 months per breeding cycle with an integration of genomics-assisted selection, trait-based phenotyping, mapping of QTL/genes, marker development may accelerate the varietal development and release. This outstanding cost-effective break-through marks a significant leap in rice breeding addressing climate change and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Sandhu
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
| | - Jasneet Singh
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Gomsie Pruthi
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Arvind Kumar
- Delta Agrigenetics, Plot No. 99 & 100 Green Park Avenue, Village, Jeedimetla, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500055, India
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10
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He R, Ju J, Liu K, Song J, Zhang S, Zhang M, Hu Y, Liu X, Li Y, Liu H. Technology of plant factory for vegetable crop speed breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1414860. [PMID: 39055363 PMCID: PMC11269239 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1414860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Sustaining crop production and food security are threatened by a burgeoning world population and adverse environmental conditions. Traditional breeding methods for vegetable crops are time-consuming, laborious, and untargeted, often taking several years to develop new and improved varieties. The challenges faced by a long breeding cycle need to be overcome. The speed breeding (SB) approach is broadly employed in crop breeding, which greatly shortens breeding cycles and facilities plant growth to obtain new, better-adapted crop varieties as quickly as possible. Potential opportunities are offered by SB in plant factories, where optimal photoperiod, light quality, light intensity, temperature, CO2 concentration, and nutrients are precisely manipulated to enhance the growth of horticultural vegetable crops, holding promise to surmount the long-standing problem of lengthy crop breeding cycles. Additionally, integrated with other breeding technologies, such as genome editing, genomic selection, and high-throughput genotyping, SB in plant factories has emerged as a smart and promising platform to hasten generation turnover and enhance the efficiency of breeding in vegetable crops. This review considers the pivotal opportunities and challenges of SB in plant factories, aiming to accelerate plant generation turnover and improve vegetable crops with precision and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Houcheng Liu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Cha JK, Park H, Kwon Y, Lee SM, Jang SG, Kwon SW, Lee JH. Synergizing breeding strategies via combining speed breeding, phenotypic selection, and marker-assisted backcrossing for the introgression of Glu-B1i in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1402709. [PMID: 38863547 PMCID: PMC11165042 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1402709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Wheat is a major food crop that plays a crucial role in the human diet. Various breeding technologies have been developed and refined to meet the increasing global wheat demand. Several studies have suggested breeding strategies that combine generation acceleration systems and molecular breeding methods to maximize breeding efficiency. However, real-world examples demonstrating the effective utilization of these strategies in breeding programs are lacking. In this study, we designed and demonstrated a synergized breeding strategy (SBS) that combines rapid and efficient breeding techniques, including speed breeding, speed vernalization, phenotypic selection, backcrossing, and marker-assisted selection. These breeding techniques were tailored to the specific characteristics of the breeding materials and objectives. Using the SBS approach, from artificial crossing to the initial observed yield trial under field conditions only took 3.5 years, resulting in a 53% reduction in the time required to develop a BC2 near-isogenic line (NIL) and achieving a higher recurrent genome recovery of 91.5% compared to traditional field conditions. We developed a new wheat NIL derived from cv. Jokyoung, a leading cultivar in Korea. Milyang56 exhibited improved protein content, sodium dodecyl sulfate-sedimentation value, and loaf volume compared to Jokyoung, which were attributed to introgression of the Glu-B1i allele from the donor parent, cv. Garnet. SBS represents a flexible breeding model that can be applied by breeders for developing breeding materials and mapping populations, as well as analyzing the environmental effects of specific genes or loci and for trait stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyung Cha
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Park
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Kwon
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Myeong Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Jang
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Wook Kwon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Republic of Korea
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12
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Kabade PG, Dixit S, Singh UM, Alam S, Bhosale S, Kumar S, Singh SK, Badri J, Varma NRG, Chetia S, Singh R, Pradhan SK, Banerjee S, Deshmukh R, Singh SP, Kalia S, Sharma TR, Singh S, Bhardwaj H, Kohli A, Kumar A, Sinha P, Singh VK. SpeedFlower: a comprehensive speed breeding protocol for indica and japonica rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1051-1066. [PMID: 38070179 PMCID: PMC11022788 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
To increase rice yields and feed billions of people, it is essential to enhance genetic gains. However, the development of new varieties is hindered by longer generation times and seasonal constraints. To address these limitations, a speed breeding facility has been established and a robust speed breeding protocol, SpeedFlower is developed that allows growing 4-5 generations of indica and/or japonica rice in a year. Our findings reveal that a high red-to-blue (2R > 1B) spectrum ratio, followed by green, yellow and far-red (FR) light, along with a 24-h long day (LD) photoperiod for the initial 15 days of the vegetative phase, facilitated early flowering. This is further enhanced by 10-h short day (SD) photoperiod in the later stage and day and night temperatures of 32/30 °C, along with 65% humidity facilitated early flowering ranging from 52 to 60 days at high light intensity (800 μmol m-2 s-1). Additionally, the use of prematurely harvested seeds and gibberellic acid treatment reduced the maturity duration by 50%. Further, SpeedFlower was validated on a diverse subset of 198 rice accessions from 3K RGP panel encompassing all 12 distinct groups of Oryza sativa L. classes. Our results confirmed that using SpeedFlower one generation can be achieved within 58-71 days resulting in 5.1-6.3 generations per year across the 12 sub-groups. This breakthrough enables us to enhance genetic gain, which could feed half of the world's population dependent on rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Gorakhanath Kabade
- International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosPhilippines
- IRRI South Asia Regional CentreVaranasiIndia
- Banaras Hindu University (BHU)VaranasiUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Shilpi Dixit
- International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosPhilippines
- IRRI South Asia Regional CentreVaranasiIndia
| | - Uma Maheshwar Singh
- International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosPhilippines
- IRRI South Asia Regional CentreVaranasiIndia
| | - Shamshad Alam
- International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosPhilippines
- IRRI South Asia HubHyderabadIndia
| | | | - Sanjay Kumar
- Banaras Hindu University (BHU)VaranasiUttar PradeshIndia
| | | | - Jyothi Badri
- Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR)HyderabadTelanganaIndia
| | | | - Sanjay Chetia
- Assam Agricultural University (AAU)TitabarAssamIndia
| | - Rakesh Singh
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR)New DelhiIndia
| | | | - Shubha Banerjee
- Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya (IGKV)RaipurChhattisgarhIndia
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri‐Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI)Mohali, ChandigarhIndia
- Present address:
Central University of Haryana (CUH)MahendragarhHaryanaIndia
| | | | - Sanjay Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology (DBT)CGO ComplexNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Sudhanshu Singh
- International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosPhilippines
- IRRI South Asia Regional CentreVaranasiIndia
| | - Hans Bhardwaj
- International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosPhilippines
| | - Ajay Kohli
- International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosPhilippines
| | - Arvind Kumar
- International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosPhilippines
- IRRI South Asia Regional CentreVaranasiIndia
- Present address:
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)PatancheruTelanganaIndia
| | - Pallavi Sinha
- International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosPhilippines
- IRRI South Asia HubHyderabadIndia
| | - Vikas Kumar Singh
- International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosPhilippines
- IRRI South Asia Regional CentreVaranasiIndia
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13
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Rossi N, Powell W, Mackay IJ, Hickey L, Maurer A, Pillen K, Halliday K, Sharma R. Investigating the genetic control of plant development in spring barley under speed breeding conditions. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:115. [PMID: 38691245 PMCID: PMC11063105 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This study found that the genes, PPD-H1 and ELF3, control the acceleration of plant development under speed breeding, with important implications for optimizing the delivery of climate-resilient crops. Speed breeding is a tool to accelerate breeding and research programmes. Despite its success and growing popularity with breeders, the genetic basis of plant development under speed breeding remains unknown. This study explored the developmental advancements of barley genotypes under different photoperiod regimes. A subset of the HEB-25 Nested Association Mapping population was evaluated for days to heading and maturity under two contrasting photoperiod conditions: (1) Speed breeding (SB) consisting of 22 h of light and 2 h of darkness, and (2) normal breeding (NB) consisting of 16 h of light and 8 h of darkness. GWAS revealed that developmental responses under both conditions were largely controlled by two loci: PPDH-1 and ELF3. Allelic variants at these genes determine whether plants display early flowering and maturity under both conditions. At key QTL regions, domesticated alleles were associated with late flowering and maturity in NB and early flowering and maturity in SB, whereas wild alleles were associated with early flowering under both conditions. We hypothesize that this is related to the dark-dependent repression of PPD-H1 by ELF3 which might be more prominent in NB conditions. Furthermore, by comparing development under two photoperiod regimes, we derived an estimate of plasticity for the two traits. Interestingly, plasticity in development was largely attributed to allelic variation at ELF3. Our results have important implications for our understanding and optimization of speed breeding protocols particularly for introgression breeding and the design of breeding programmes to support the delivery of climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Rossi
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Wayne Powell
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Ian J Mackay
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Lee Hickey
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Chair of Plant Breeding, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Chair of Plant Breeding, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Karen Halliday
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Rajiv Sharma
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
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14
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Ahmar S, Usman B, Hensel G, Jung KH, Gruszka D. CRISPR enables sustainable cereal production for a greener future. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:179-195. [PMID: 37981496 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has become the most important tool for targeted genome editing in many plant and animal species over the past decade. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology has also sparked a flood of applications and technical advancements in genome editing in the key cereal crops, including rice, wheat, maize, and barley. Here, we review advanced uses of CRISPR/Cas9 and derived systems in genome editing of cereal crops to enhance a variety of agronomically important features. We also highlight new technological advances for delivering preassembled Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-editing systems, multiplex editing, gain-of-function strategies, the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools, and combining CRISPR with novel speed breeding (SB) and vernalization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology, and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Babar Usman
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Centre for Plant Genome Engineering, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Damian Gruszka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology, and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
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15
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Li H, Zhu L, Fan R, Li Z, Liu Y, Shaheen A, Nie F, Li C, Liu X, Li Y, Liu W, Yang Y, Guo T, Zhu Y, Bu M, Li C, Liang H, Bai S, Ma F, Guo G, Zhang Z, Huang J, Zhou Y, Song CP. A platform for whole-genome speed introgression from Aegilops tauschii to wheat for breeding future crops. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:281-312. [PMID: 38017137 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Breeding new and sustainable crop cultivars of high yields and desirable traits has been a major challenge for ensuring food security for the growing global human population. For polyploid crops such as wheat, introducing genetic variation from wild relatives of its subgenomes is a key strategy to improve the quality of their breeding pools. Over the past decades, considerable progress has been made in speed breeding, genome sequencing, high-throughput phenotyping and genomics-assisted breeding, which now allows us to realize whole-genome introgression from wild relatives to modern crops. Here, we present a standardized protocol to rapidly introgress the entire genome of Aegilops tauschii, the progenitor of the D subgenome of bread wheat, into elite wheat backgrounds. This protocol integrates multiple modern high-throughput technologies and includes three major phases: development of synthetic octaploid wheat, generation of hexaploid A. tauschii-wheat introgression lines (A-WIs) and homozygosis of the generated A-WIs. Our approach readily generates stable introgression lines in 2 y, thus greatly accelerating the generation of A-WIs and the introduction of desirable genes from A. tauschii to wheat cultivars. These A-WIs are valuable for wheat-breeding programs and functional gene discovery. The current protocol can be easily modified and used for introgressing the genomes of wild relatives to other polyploid crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lele Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ruixiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Aaqib Shaheen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fang Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xuqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tutu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengchen Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chenglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huihui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shenglong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Feifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guanghui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Yun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
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16
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Chen R, Gajendiran K, Wulff BBH. R we there yet? Advances in cloning resistance genes for engineering immunity in crop plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 77:102489. [PMID: 38128298 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, significant progress has been made in the field of resistance (R) gene cloning. Advances in recombinant DNA technology, genome sequencing, bioinformatics, plant transformation and plant husbandry have facilitated the transition from cloning R genes in model species to crop plants and their wild relatives. To date, researchers have isolated more than 450 R genes that play important roles in plant immunity. The molecular and biochemical mechanisms by which intracellular immune receptors are activated and initiate defense responses are now well understood. These advances present exciting opportunities for engineering disease-resistant crop plants that are protected by genetics rather than pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Chen
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Center for Desert Agriculture, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karthick Gajendiran
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Center for Desert Agriculture, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brande B H Wulff
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Center for Desert Agriculture, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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17
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Ahmar S, Hensel G, Gruszka D. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing techniques and new breeding strategies in cereals - current status, improvements, and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108248. [PMID: 37666372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Cereal crops, including triticeae species (barley, wheat, rye), as well as edible cereals (wheat, corn, rice, oat, rye, sorghum), are significant suppliers for human consumption, livestock feed, and breweries. Over the past half-century, modern varieties of cereal crops with increased yields have contributed to global food security. However, presently cultivated elite crop varieties were developed mainly for optimal environmental conditions. Thus, it has become evident that taking into account the ongoing climate changes, currently a priority should be given to developing new stress-tolerant cereal cultivars. It is necessary to enhance the accuracy of methods and time required to generate new cereal cultivars with the desired features to adapt to climate change and keep up with the world population expansion. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been developed as a powerful and versatile genome editing tool to achieve desirable traits, such as developing high-yielding, stress-tolerant, and disease-resistant transgene-free lines in major cereals. Despite recent advances, the CRISPR/Cas9 application in cereals faces several challenges, including a significant amount of time required to develop transgene-free lines, laboriousness, and a limited number of genotypes that may be used for the transformation and in vitro regeneration. Additionally, developing elite lines through genome editing has been restricted in many countries, especially Europe and New Zealand, due to a lack of flexibility in GMO regulations. This review provides a comprehensive update to researchers interested in improving cereals using gene-editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9. We will review some critical and recent studies on crop improvements and their contributing factors to superior cereals through gene-editing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Centre for Plant Genome Engineering, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Damian Gruszka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
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18
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Fradgley NS, Bentley AR, Gardner KA, Swarbreck SM, Kerton M. Maintenance of UK bread baking quality: Trends in wheat quality traits over 50 years of breeding and potential for future application of genomic-assisted selection. THE PLANT GENOME 2023; 16:e20326. [PMID: 37057385 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Improved selection of wheat varieties with high end-use quality contributes to sustainable food systems by ensuring productive crops are suitable for human consumption end-uses. Here, we investigated the genetic control and genomic prediction of milling and baking quality traits in a panel of 379 historic and elite, high-quality UK bread wheat (Triticum eastivum L.) varieties and breeding lines. Analysis of the panel showed that genetic diversity has not declined over recent decades of selective breeding while phenotypic analysis found a clear trend of increased loaf baking quality of modern milling wheats despite declining grain protein content. Genome-wide association analysis identified 24 quantitative trait loci (QTL) across all quality traits, many of which had pleiotropic effects. Changes in the frequency of positive alleles of QTL over recent decades reflected trends in trait variation and reveal where progress has historically been made for improved baking quality traits. It also demonstrates opportunities for marker-assisted selection for traits such as Hagberg falling number and specific weight that do not appear to have been improved by recent decades of phenotypic selection. We demonstrate that applying genomic prediction in a commercial wheat breeding program for expensive late-stage loaf baking quality traits outperforms phenotypic selection based on early-stage predictive quality traits. Finally, trait-assisted genomic prediction combining both phenotypic and genomic selection enabled slightly higher prediction accuracy, but genomic prediction alone was the most cost-effective selection strategy considering genotyping and phenotyping costs per sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick S Fradgley
- Genetics and Pre-Breeding Department, National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB), 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison R Bentley
- Genetics and Pre-Breeding Department, National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB), 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, UK
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México-Veracruz, México
| | - Keith A Gardner
- Genetics and Pre-Breeding Department, National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB), 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, UK
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México-Veracruz, México
| | - Stéphanie M Swarbreck
- Genetics and Pre-Breeding Department, National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB), 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, UK
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19
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Caccialupi G, Milc J, Caradonia F, Nasar MF, Francia E. The Triticeae CBF Gene Cluster-To Frost Resistance and Beyond. Cells 2023; 12:2606. [PMID: 37998341 PMCID: PMC10670769 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of CBF/DREB1 transcriptional factors in Triticeae crops involved in the abiotic stress response has been highlighted. The CBFs represent an important hub in the ICE-CBF-COR pathway, which is one of the most relevant mechanisms capable of activating the adaptive response to cold and drought in wheat, barley, and rye. Understanding the intricate mechanisms and regulation of the cluster of CBF genes harbored by the homoeologous chromosome group 5 entails significant potential for the genetic improvement of small grain cereals. Triticeae crops seem to share common mechanisms characterized, however, by some peculiar aspects of the response to stress, highlighting a combined landscape of single-nucleotide variants and copy number variation involving CBF members of subgroup IV. Moreover, while chromosome 5 ploidy appears to confer species-specific levels of resistance, an important involvement of the ICE factor might explain the greater tolerance of rye. By unraveling the genetic basis of abiotic stress tolerance, researchers can develop resilient varieties better equipped to withstand extreme environmental conditions. Hence, advancing our knowledge of CBFs and their interactions represents a promising avenue for improving crop resilience and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Caccialupi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (J.M.); (F.C.); (M.F.N.); (E.F.)
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Cha JK, Park H, Choi C, Kwon Y, Lee SM, Oh KW, Ko JM, Kwon SW, Lee JH. Acceleration of wheat breeding: enhancing efficiency and practical application of the speed breeding system. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:118. [PMID: 37924111 PMCID: PMC10625215 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crop breeding should be accelerated to address global warming and climate change. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major food crop. Speed breeding (SB) and speed vernalization (SV) techniques for spring and winter wheat have recently been established. However, there are few practical examples of these strategies being used economically and efficiently in breeding programs. We aimed to establish and evaluate the performance of a breeder-friendly and energy-saving generation acceleration system by modifying the SV + SB system. RESULTS In this study, a four-generation advancement system for wheat (regardless of its growth habits) was established and evaluated using an energy-efficient extended photoperiod treatment. A glasshouse with a 22-hour photoperiod that used 10 h of natural sunlight and 12 h of LED lights, and minimized temperature control during the winter season, was successful in accelerating generation. Even with one or two field tests, modified speed breeding (mSB) combined with a speed vernalization system (SV + mSB) reduced breeding time by more than half compared to traditional field-based methods. When compared to the existing SV + SB system, the SV + mSB system reduced energy use by 80% to maintain a 22-hour photoperiod. Significant correlations were found between the SV + mSB and field conditions in the number of days to heading (DTH) and culm length (CL). Genetic resources, recombinant inbred lines, and breeding materials that exhibited shorter DTH and CL values under SV + mSB conditions showed the same pattern in the field. CONCLUSIONS The results of our SV + mSB model, as well as its practical application in wheat breeding programs, are expected to help breeders worldwide incorporate generation acceleration systems into their conventional breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyung Cha
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Crop Science, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Park
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Crop Science, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyun Choi
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Crop Science, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Kwon
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Crop Science, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Myeong Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Crop Science, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Won Oh
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Crop Science, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Ko
- Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Wook Kwon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 60463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Crop Science, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Norman M, Bariana H, Bansal U, Periyannan S. The Keys to Controlling Wheat Rusts: Identification and Deployment of Genetic Resistance. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:667-677. [PMID: 36897760 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-23-0041-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rust diseases are among the major constraints for wheat production worldwide due to the emergence and spread of highly destructive races of Puccinia. The most common approach to minimize yield losses due to rust is to use cultivars that are genetically resistant. Modern wheat cultivars, landraces, and wild relatives can contain undiscovered resistance genes, which typically encode kinase or nucleotide-binding site leucine rich repeat (NLR) domain containing receptor proteins. Recent research has shown that these genes can provide either resistance in all growth stages (all-stage resistance; ASR) or specially in later growth stages (adult-plant resistance; APR). ASR genes are pathogen and race-specific, meaning can function against selected races of the Puccinia fungus due to the necessity to recognize specific avirulence molecules in the pathogen. APR genes are either pathogen-specific or multipathogen resistant but often race-nonspecific. Prediction of resistance genes through rust infection screening alone remains complex when more than one resistance gene is present. However, breakthroughs during the past half century such as the single-nucleotide polymorphism-based genotyping techniques and resistance gene isolation strategies like mutagenesis, resistance gene enrichment, and sequencing (MutRenSeq), mutagenesis and chromosome sequencing (MutChromSeq), and association genetics combined with RenSeq (AgRenSeq) enables rapid transfer of resistance from source to modern cultivars. There is a strong need for combining multiple genes for better efficacy and longer-lasting resistance. Hence, techniques like gene cassette creation speeds up the gene combination process, but their widespread adoption and commercial use is limited due to their transgenic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Norman
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Harbans Bariana
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Bourke Road, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Urmil Bansal
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Sambasivam Periyannan
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science & Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia
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22
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Milec Z, Strejčková B, Šafář J. Contemplation on wheat vernalization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1093792. [PMID: 36684728 PMCID: PMC9853533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1093792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vernalization is a period of low non-freezing temperatures, which provides the competence to flower. This mechanism ensures that plants sown before winter develop reproductive organs in more favourable conditions during spring. Such an evolutionary mechanism has evolved in both monocot and eudicot plants. Studies in monocots, represented by temperate cereals like wheat and barley, have identified and proposed the VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1) gene as a key player in the vernalization response. VRN1 belongs to MADS-box transcription factors and is expressed in the leaves and the apical meristem, where it subsequently promotes flowering. Despite substantial research advancement in the last two decades, there are still gaps in our understanding of the vernalization mechanism. Here we summarise the present knowledge of wheat vernalization. We discuss VRN1 allelic variation, review vernalization models, talk VRN1 copy number variation and devernalization phenomenon. Finally, we suggest possible future directions of the vernalization research in wheat.
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23
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Hackauf B, Siekmann D, Fromme FJ. Improving Yield and Yield Stability in Winter Rye by Hybrid Breeding. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2666. [PMID: 36235531 PMCID: PMC9571156 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rye is the only cross-pollinating small-grain cereal. The unique reproduction biology results in an exceptional complexity concerning genetic improvement of rye by breeding. Rye is a close relative of wheat and has a strong adaptation potential that refers to its mating system, making this overlooked cereal readily adjustable to a changing environment. Rye breeding addresses the emerging challenges of food security associated with climate change. The systematic identification, management, and use of its valuable natural diversity became a feasible option in outbreeding rye only following the establishment of hybrid breeding late in the 20th century. In this article, we review the most recent technological advances to improve yield and yield stability in winter rye. Based on recently released reference genome sequences, SMART breeding approaches are described to counterbalance undesired linkage drag effects of major restorer genes on grain yield. We present the development of gibberellin-sensitive semidwarf hybrids as a novel plant breeding innovation based on an approach that is different from current methods of increasing productivity in rye and wheat. Breeding of new rye cultivars with improved performance and resilience is indispensable for a renaissance of this healthy minor cereal as a homogeneous commodity with cultural relevance in Europe that allows for comparatively smooth but substantial complementation of wheat with rye-based diets, supporting the necessary restoration of the balance between human action and nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Hackauf
- Julius Kühn Institute, Institute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3a, 18190 Sanitz, Germany
| | - Dörthe Siekmann
- Hybro Saatzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Langlinger Straße 3, 29565 Wriedel, Germany
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24
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Xiao J, Liu B, Yao Y, Guo Z, Jia H, Kong L, Zhang A, Ma W, Ni Z, Xu S, Lu F, Jiao Y, Yang W, Lin X, Sun S, Lu Z, Gao L, Zhao G, Cao S, Chen Q, Zhang K, Wang M, Wang M, Hu Z, Guo W, Li G, Ma X, Li J, Han F, Fu X, Ma Z, Wang D, Zhang X, Ling HQ, Xia G, Tong Y, Liu Z, He Z, Jia J, Chong K. Wheat genomic study for genetic improvement of traits in China. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1718-1775. [PMID: 36018491 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop that feeds 40% of the world's population. Over the past several decades, advances in genomics have led to tremendous achievements in understanding the origin and domestication of wheat, and the genetic basis of agronomically important traits, which promote the breeding of elite varieties. In this review, we focus on progress that has been made in genomic research and genetic improvement of traits such as grain yield, end-use traits, flowering regulation, nutrient use efficiency, and biotic and abiotic stress responses, and various breeding strategies that contributed mainly by Chinese scientists. Functional genomic research in wheat is entering a new era with the availability of multiple reference wheat genome assemblies and the development of cutting-edge technologies such as precise genome editing tools, high-throughput phenotyping platforms, sequencing-based cloning strategies, high-efficiency genetic transformation systems, and speed-breeding facilities. These insights will further extend our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying agronomic traits and facilitate the breeding process, ultimately contributing to more sustainable agriculture in China and throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zifeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lingrang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wujun Ma
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shengbao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Fei Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuannian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wuyun Yang
- Institute of Crop Research, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xuelei Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Silong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zefu Lu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lifeng Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guangyao Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuanghe Cao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kunpu Zhang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Mengcheng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Junming Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Fangpu Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhengqiang Ma
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Xueyong Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Hong-Qing Ling
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Guangmin Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Yiping Tong
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
- CIMMYT China Office, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jizeng Jia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Kang Chong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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25
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Harnessing adult-plant resistance genes to deploy durable disease resistance in crops. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:571-580. [PMID: 35912968 PMCID: PMC9528086 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult-plant resistance (APR) is a type of genetic resistance in cereals that is effective during the later growth stages and can protect plants from a range of disease-causing pathogens. Our understanding of the functions of APR-associated genes stems from the well-studied wheat-rust pathosystem. Genes conferring APR can offer pathogen-specific resistance or multi-pathogen resistance, whereby resistance is activated following a molecular recognition event. The breeding community prefers APR to other types of resistance because it offers broad-spectrum protection that has proven to be more durable. In practice, however, deployment of new cultivars incorporating APR is challenging because there is a lack of well-characterised APRs in elite germplasm and multiple loci must be combined to achieve high levels of resistance. Genebanks provide an excellent source of genetic diversity that can be used to diversify resistance factors, but introgression of novel alleles into elite germplasm is a lengthy and challenging process. To overcome this bottleneck, new tools in breeding for resistance must be integrated to fast-track the discovery, introgression and pyramiding of APR genes. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the functions of APR genes in the well-studied wheat-rust pathosystem, the opportunities to adopt APR genes in other crops and the technology that can speed up the utilisation of new sources of APR in genebank accessions.
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