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Asymmetric synthesis of bedaquiline based on bimetallic activation and non-covalent interaction promotion strategies. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Deshkar AT, Shirure PA. Bedaquiline: A Novel Diarylquinoline for Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Cureus 2022; 14:e28519. [PMID: 36185922 PMCID: PMC9516320 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A new drug Bedaquiline, a diarylquinoline agent has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. It has been given approval for use along with the basic regimen with only conditional access through the National Program for tuberculosis in India. The major problem with existing antitubercular drugs used for the treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis is antimicrobial resistance, less efficacy, and poor side effect profile. Bedaquiline might be a solution to these issues. Bedaquiline is a first of its class drug with a unique and specific mechanism of action. It inhibits mycobacterial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase's proton pump. There are many randomized clinical trials and cohort studies that reported a higher culture conversion rate with bedaquiline treatment as compared to the control group. Many meta-analyses and systematic reviews have reported higher culture conversion rate, higher cure rate, and lower mortality rate in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis treated with a bedaquiline-containing regimen. Here is a detailed drug profile of bedaquiline to help health care workers treat tuberculosis patients. Keywords:
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Repurposing Bedaquiline for Effective Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Therapy as Inhalable Cyclodextrin-Based Molecular Inclusion Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094783. [PMID: 33946414 PMCID: PMC8124211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that repurposed drugs demonstrate excellent efficacy against many cancers, while facilitating accelerated drug development process. In this study, bedaquiline (BDQ), an FDA approved anti-mycobacterial agent, was repurposed and an inhalable cyclodextrin complex formulation was developed to explore its anti-cancer activity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A sulfobutyl ether derivative of β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) was selected based on phase solubility studies and molecular modeling to prepare an inclusion complex of BDQ and cyclodextrin. Aqueous solubility of BDQ was increased by 2.8 × 103-fold after complexation with SBE-β-CD, as compared to its intrinsic solubility. Solid-state characterization studies confirmed the successful incorporation of BDQ in the SBE-β-CD cavity. In vitro lung deposition study results demonstrated excellent inhalable properties (mass median aerodynamic diameter: 2.9 ± 0.6 µm (<5 µm) and fine particle fraction: 83.3 ± 3.8%) of BDQ-CD complex. Accelerated stability studies showed BDQ-CD complex to be stable up to 3 weeks. From cytotoxicity studies, a slight enhancement in the anti-cancer efficacy was observed with BDQ-cyclodextrin complex, compared to BDQ alone in H1299 cell line. The IC50 values for BDQ and BDQ-CD complex were found to be ~40 µM in case of H1299 cell line at 72 h, whereas BDQ/BDQ-CD were not found to be cytotoxic up to concentrations of 50 µM in A549 cell line. Taken together, BDQ-CD complex offers a promising inhalation strategy with efficient lung deposition and cytotoxicity for NSCLC treatment.
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Zeller M, Bogdanowich-Knipp S, Smith P, Purcell DK, Okezue M, Smith DT, Byrn SR, Clase KL. Maleate salts of bedaquiline. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1107/s2056989021002991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bedaquiline is one of two important new drugs for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). It is marketed in the US as its fumarate salt, but only a few salts of bedaquiline have been structurally described so far. We present here five crystal structures of bedaquilinium maleate {systematic name: [4-(6-bromo-2-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yl)-4-phenylbutyl]dimethylazanium 3-carboxyprop-2-enoate}, C32H32BrN2O2
+·C4H3O4
−, namely, a hemihydrate, a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvate, a mixed acetone/hexane solvate, an ethyl acetate solvate, and a solvate-free structure obtained from the acetone/hexane solvate by in situ single-crystal-to-single-crystal desolvation. All salts exhibit a 1:1 cation-to-anion ratio, with the anion present as monoanionic hydromaleate and a singly protonated bedaquilinium cation. The maleate exhibits the strong intramolecular hydrogen bond typical for cis-dicarboxylic acid anions. The conformations of the cations and packing interactions in the maleate salts are compared to those of free base bedaquiline and other bedaquilinium salts.
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Zeller M, Bogdanowich-Knipp S, Smith P, Purcell DK, Okezue M, Smith DT, Byrn SR, Clase KL. Maleate salts of bedaquiline. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 77:433-445. [PMID: 33936772 PMCID: PMC8025853 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021002991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The single-crystal structures of several maleate salt of bedaquiline, a drug used for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), are described. Bedaquiline is one of two important new drugs for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). It is marketed in the US as its fumarate salt, but only a few salts of bedaquiline have been structurally described so far. We present here five crystal structures of bedaquilinium maleate {systematic name: [4-(6-bromo-2-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yl)-4-phenylbutyl]dimethylazanium 3-carboxyprop-2-enoate}, C32H32BrN2O2+·C4H3O4−, namely, a hemihydrate, a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvate, a mixed acetone/hexane solvate, an ethyl acetate solvate, and a solvate-free structure obtained from the acetone/hexane solvate by in situ single-crystal-to-single-crystal desolvation. All salts exhibit a 1:1 cation-to-anion ratio, with the anion present as monoanionic hydromaleate and a singly protonated bedaquilinium cation. The maleate exhibits the strong intramolecular hydrogen bond typical for cis-dicarboxylic acid anions. The conformations of the cations and packing interactions in the maleate salts are compared to those of free base bedaquiline and other bedaquilinium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Dr., W. Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
| | | | - Pamela Smith
- Leading with Smart Science LLC, 5315 Shootingstar Ln, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Dale K Purcell
- Chemical Microscopy LLC, 1281 Win Hentschel Blvd., West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Mercy Okezue
- Biotechnology Innovation and Regulatory Science Center, Lilly Hall of Life Sciences, 915 State Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.,Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Daniel T Smith
- Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Stephen R Byrn
- Improved Pharma LLC, 1281 Win Hentschel Blvd. Suite 1565, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.,Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Kari L Clase
- Biotechnology Innovation and Regulatory Science Center, Lilly Hall of Life Sciences, 915 State Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.,Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Okezue M, Smith D, Zeller M, Byrn SR, Smith P, Bogandowich-Knipp S, Purcell DK, Clase KL. Crystal structures of salts of bedaquiline. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1107/s2053229620013455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bedaquiline [systematic name: 1-(6-bromo-2-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)-4-(dimethylamino)-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1-phenylbutan-2-ol, C32H31BrN2O2] is one of two important new drugs for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). It is marketed in the US as its fumarate salt {systematic name: [4-(6-bromo-2-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yl)-4-phenylbutyl]dimethylazanium 3-carboxyprop-2-enoate, C32H32BrN2O2
+·C4H3O4
−}, and about a dozen other salts of bedaquiline have been described in patent literature, but none have so far been structurally described. In a first communication, we present the crystal structure of bedaquilinium fumarate and of two new benzoate salts, as well as that of a degradation product of the reaction of bedaquilinium fumarate with sodium ethoxide, 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2-methoxyquinoline, C17H14BrNO. The fumarate and benzoate salts both feature cations monoprotonated at the dimethylamino group. The much less basic quinoline N atom remains unprotonated. Both salts feature a 1:1 cation-to-anion ratio, with the fumarate being present as monoanionic hydrofumarate. The conformations of the cations are compared to that of free base bedaquiline and with each other. The flexible backbone of the bedaquiline structure leads to a landscape of conformations with little commonalities between the bedaquiline entities in the various structures. The conformations are distinctively different for the two independent molecules of the free base, the two independent molecules of the hydrofumarate salt, and the one unique cation of the benzoate salt. Packing of the salts is dominated by hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen-bonding motifs, as well as the larger hydrogen-bonded entities within the salts, are quite similar for the salts, despite the vastly differing conformations of the cations, and both the hydrofumarate and the benzoate structure feature chains of hydrogen-bonded anions that are surrounded by and hydrogen bonded to the larger bedaquilinium cations, leading to infinite broad ribbons of anions, cations, and (for the benzoate salt) water molecules. The benzoate salt was isolated in two forms: as a 1.17-hydrate (C32H32BrN2O2
+·C7H5O2
−·1.166H2O), obtained from acetone or propanol solution, with one fully occupied water molecule tightly integrated into the hydrogen-bonding network of anions and cations, and one partially occupied water molecule [refined occupancy 16.6 (7)%], only loosely hydrogen bonded to the quinoline N atom. The second form is an acetonitrile solvate (C32H32BrN2O2
+·C7H5O2
−·0.742CH3CN·H2O), in which the partially occupied water molecule is replaced by a 74.2 (7)%-occupied acetonitrile molecule. The partial occupancy induces disorder for the benzoate phenyl ring. The acetonitrile solvate is unstable in atmosphere and converts into a form not distinguishable by powder XRD from the 1.17-hydrate.
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Okezue M, Smith D, Zeller M, Byrn SR, Smith P, Bogandowich-Knipp S, Purcell DK, Clase KL. Crystal structures of salts of bedaquiline. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2020; 76:1010-1023. [PMID: 33148877 PMCID: PMC7642769 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229620013455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The single-crystal structures of three salts of bedaquiline, a drug used for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), are described. Bedaquiline [systematic name: 1-(6-bromo-2-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)-4-(dimethylamino)-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1-phenylbutan-2-ol, C32H31BrN2O2] is one of two important new drugs for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). It is marketed in the US as its fumarate salt {systematic name: [4-(6-bromo-2-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yl)-4-phenylbutyl]dimethylazanium 3-carboxyprop-2-enoate, C32H32BrN2O2+·C4H3O4−}, and about a dozen other salts of bedaquiline have been described in patent literature, but none have so far been structurally described. In a first communication, we present the crystal structure of bedaquilinium fumarate and of two new benzoate salts, as well as that of a degradation product of the reaction of bedaquilinium fumarate with sodium ethoxide, 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2-methoxyquinoline, C17H14BrNO. The fumarate and benzoate salts both feature cations monoprotonated at the dimethylamino group. The much less basic quinoline N atom remains unprotonated. Both salts feature a 1:1 cation-to-anion ratio, with the fumarate being present as monoanionic hydrofumarate. The conformations of the cations are compared to that of free base bedaquiline and with each other. The flexible backbone of the bedaquiline structure leads to a landscape of conformations with little commonalities between the bedaquiline entities in the various structures. The conformations are distinctively different for the two independent molecules of the free base, the two independent molecules of the hydrofumarate salt, and the one unique cation of the benzoate salt. Packing of the salts is dominated by hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen-bonding motifs, as well as the larger hydrogen-bonded entities within the salts, are quite similar for the salts, despite the vastly differing conformations of the cations, and both the hydrofumarate and the benzoate structure feature chains of hydrogen-bonded anions that are surrounded by and hydrogen bonded to the larger bedaquilinium cations, leading to infinite broad ribbons of anions, cations, and (for the benzoate salt) water molecules. The benzoate salt was isolated in two forms: as a 1.17-hydrate (C32H32BrN2O2+·C7H5O2−·1.166H2O), obtained from acetone or propanol solution, with one fully occupied water molecule tightly integrated into the hydrogen-bonding network of anions and cations, and one partially occupied water molecule [refined occupancy 16.6 (7)%], only loosely hydrogen bonded to the quinoline N atom. The second form is an acetonitrile solvate (C32H32BrN2O2+·C7H5O2−·0.742CH3CN·H2O), in which the partially occupied water molecule is replaced by a 74.2 (7)%-occupied acetonitrile molecule. The partial occupancy induces disorder for the benzoate phenyl ring. The acetonitrile solvate is unstable in atmosphere and converts into a form not distinguishable by powder XRD from the 1.17-hydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy Okezue
- Purdue University, Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, 575 Stadium Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Daniel Smith
- Purdue University, Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, 575 Stadium Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Purdue University, Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
| | - Stephen R Byrn
- Purdue University, Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, 575 Stadium Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Pamela Smith
- Leading with Smart Science, LLC, 5315 Shootingstar Lane, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | | | - Dale K Purcell
- Chemical Microscopy, LLC, 1281 Win Hentschel Boulevard, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Kari L Clase
- Purdue University, Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, 575 Stadium Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Palomino JC, Martin A. TMC207 becomes bedaquiline, a new anti-TB drug. Future Microbiol 2014; 8:1071-80. [PMID: 24020736 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.13.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TB still represents a serious public health problem. The latest reports estimate an incidence of 8.7 million cases in 2011 and 1.4 million deaths. Drug resistance contributed an estimated 630,000 cases of multidrug-resistant TB, making control of the disease harder. Recent reports show cases of TB that were almost resistant to all available antibiotics. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new anti-TB drugs with the potential of reducing the current length of treatment. Bedaquiline, formerly TMC207, is a new diarylquinoline antibiotic with specific activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and several nontuberculous mycobacteria. It acts by inhibiting ATP synthase, interfering with the energy generation needed by the bacterial cell. Based on clinical evaluations for safety, tolerability and efficacy, bedaquiline has recently received accelerated approval for the treatment of pulmonary multidrug-resistant TB in adults. This article will review the main aspects related to the chemistry, microbiology, pharmacology, efficacy and tolerability of bedaquiline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Palomino
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Song YB, Liu B. 3,11-Dibromo-14-(4-chloro-phen-yl)-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene dimethyl-formamide monosolvate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o1460. [PMID: 22590336 PMCID: PMC3344574 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812016200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(27)H(15)Br(2)ClO·C(3)H(7)NO, the xanthene moiety has a flattened boat conformation with a folding angle between the naphthalene units of 9.46 (3)°. The mean planes of the xanthene system and its 4-chloro-phenyl substituent are nearly perpendicular [dihedral angle = 89.43 (5)°]. The dimethyl-formamide solvent mol-ecule is disordered over two sets of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.520 (11):0.480 (11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Bin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Diarylquinolines, synthesis pathways and quantitative structure--activity relationship studies leading to the discovery of TMC207. Future Med Chem 2012; 3:1345-60. [PMID: 21879841 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and resistance to current anti-TB drugs call for the discovery and development of new effective anti-TB drugs. TMC207 is the lead candidate of a novel class of antimycobacterial agents, the diarylquinolines, which specifically inhibit mycobacterial ATP synthase and displays high activity against both drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This article covers both synthesis pathways as well as qualitative and quantitative analyses of the structure-activity relationships of the diarylquinoline series on Mycobacterium smegmatis activity.
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11
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Yuan L, Wang R, Li CY, Wang ZQ, Sun TM. N-[( R)-(6-Bromo-2-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl]- N-[( S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-(piperazin-1-yl)acetamide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o2921. [PMID: 22219953 PMCID: PMC3247335 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811040955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C32H35BrN4O3, the piperazine ring exists in a chair conformation. The quinoline ring system is oriented at dihedral angles of 82.70 (17) and 19.54 (17)° to the phenyl and methoxyphenyl rings, respectively. Weak intermolecular C—H⋯π interactions are present in the crystal structure.
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Synthesis, crystal, computational study and in vitro anti-tuberculosis activity of N-(furan-2-yl-methyl)-N-(phenyl(quinolin-3-yl)methyl) acetamide derivatives. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Marriner GA, Nayyar A, Uh E, Wong SY, Mukherjee T, Via LE, Carroll M, Edwards RL, Gruber TD, Choi I, Lee J, Arora K, England KD, Boshoff HIM, Barry CE. The Medicinal Chemistry of Tuberculosis Chemotherapy. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2011_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Matteelli A, Carvalho AC, Dooley KE, Kritski A. TMC207: the first compound of a new class of potent anti-tuberculosis drugs. Future Microbiol 2010; 5:849-58. [PMID: 20521931 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues as a global epidemic: over 2 billion people harbor latent TB infection, and more than 9 million new TB cases, of whom 500,000 are multidrug-resistant (MDR), and nearly 2 million deaths are estimated to occur each year. New drugs are required to shorten treatment duration of drug-sensitive TB and for the treatment of MDR-TB. TMC207 is a first-in-class diarylquinoline compound with a novel mechanism of action, the inhibition of bacterial ATP synthase, and potent activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB. It has bactericidal and sterilizing activity against M. tuberculosis and other mycobacterial species, but little activity against other bacteria. In a Phase II efficacy study conducted in patients with MDR-TB taking TMC207 plus a standard background regimen, the drug appeared to be safe and well tolerated, and showed significant efficacy after 2 months of treatment with conversion rates of sputum culture of 48% (vs 9% in the placebo group). Given the product development partnership between Tibotec and the TB Alliance, the strategies of using TMC207 in shorter first-line regimens or using it in second-line regimens for drug-resistant M. tuberculosis infections are both being pursued. No clinical data of TMC207 in TB patients with HIV coinfection have been published; drug-drug interaction studies with antiretrovirals are being conducted. Finally, the remarkable sterilizing capacity of TMC207 also makes it an attractive drug in the strategy of TB elimination. Current and future studies will determine the role of TMC207 in a shortened treatment regimen for drug-sensitive TB, a more effective and better-tolerated regimen for MDR-TB, the treatment of latent TB infection, and intermittent-TB treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Matteelli
- Institute of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, Italy.
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Saga Y, Motoki R, Makino S, Shimizu Y, Kanai M, Shibasaki M. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of R207910. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:7905-7. [PMID: 20481617 DOI: 10.1021/ja103183r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first asymmetric synthesis of a very promising antituberculosis drug candidate, R207910, was achieved by developing two novel catalytic transformations; a catalytic enantioselective proton migration and a catalytic diastereoselective allylation of an intermediate alpha-chiral ketone. Using 2.5 mol % of a Y-catalyst derived from Y(HMDS)(3) and the new chiral ligand 9, 1.25 mol % of p-methoxypyridine N-oxide (MEPO), and 0.5 mol % of Bu(4)NCl, alpha-chiral ketone 3 was produced from enone 4 with 88% ee. This reaction proceeded through a catalytic chiral Y-dienolate generation via deprotonation at the gamma-position of 4, followed by regio- and enantioselective protonation at the alpha-position of the resulting dienolate. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that a Y: 9: MEPO = 2: 3: 1 ternary complex was the active catalyst. Bu(4)NCl markedly accelerated the reaction without affecting enantioselectivity. Enantiomerically pure 3 was obtained through a single recrystallization. The second key catalytic allylation of ketone 3 was promoted by CuF.3PPh(3).2EtOH (10 mol %) in the presence of KO(t)Bu (15 mol %), ZnCl(2) (1 equiv), and Bu(4)PBF(4) (1 equiv), giving the desired diastereomer 2 in quantitative yield with a 14: 1 ratio without any epimerization at the alpha-stereocenter. It is noteworthy that conventional organometallic addition reactions did not produce the desired products due to the high steric demand and a fairly acidic alpha-proton in substrate ketone 3. This first catalytic asymmetric synthesis of R207910 includes 12 longest linear steps from commercially available compounds with an overall yield of 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Saga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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[R207910 (TMC207): a new antibiotic for the treatment of tuberculosis]. Med Mal Infect 2009; 40:383-90. [PMID: 19954909 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2009.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new class of antibacterials, diarylquinolines, was identified. The lead compound, R207910 (TMC207), was able to inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro, in mice and in patients. R207910 targets the mycobacterial ATP synthase. In vitro, it displayed potent activities against both drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. It was also strongly active against dormant bacilli in the Wayne's dormancy culture system, hypoxia and nitric oxide models. In the murine model, when used alone, it was as active as the triple combination of rifampicin+isoniazid+pyrazinamide. When added to the previous combination or substituted for isoniazid or rifampicin, the treatment including the combinations containing R207910 led to culture conversion after 2 months of therapy. When added to the combination used to treat MDR-TB or substituted for moxifloxacin or ethionamide, the combinations containing R207910 led to culture conversion after 2 months of therapy. In MDR-TB infected patients, R207910 combined with second line drugs was able to convert more sputum cultures (47.6%) than the placebo combined to second line drugs regimen (8.7%).
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Cai ZQ, Xiong G, Li SR, Liu JB, Sun TM. N-[(6-Bromo-2-meth-oxy-3-quinol-yl)phenyl-meth-yl]-2-morpholino-N-(1-phenyl-ethyl)acetamide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o1901. [PMID: 21583591 PMCID: PMC2977165 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809027020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C31H32BrN3O3, the morpholine ring adopts a chair conformation, and the planar quinoline system is twisted with respect to the phenyl rings, with dihedral angles of 17.6 (4) and 75.1 (3)°. Intramolecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds are present. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding and C—H⋯π interactions.
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