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Henrik SZŐKE, István BÓKKON, David M, Jan V, Ágnes K, Zoltán K, Ferenc F, Tibor K, László SL, Ádám D, Odilia M, Andrea K. The innate immune system and fever under redox control: A Narrative Review. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4324-4362. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220203122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
In living cells, redox potential is vitally important for normal physiological processes that are closely regulated by antioxidants, free amino acids and proteins that either have reactive oxygen and nitrogen species capture capability or can be compartmentalized. Although hundreds of experiments support the regulatory role of free radicals and their derivatives, several authors continue to claim that these perform only harmful and non-regulatory functions. In this paper we show that countless intracellular and extracellular signal pathways are directly or indirectly linked to regulated redox processes. We also briefly discuss how artificial oxidative stress can have important therapeutic potential and the possible negative effects of popular antioxidant supplements.
Next, we present the argument supported by a large number of studies that several major components of innate immunity, as well as fever, is also essentially associated with regulated redox processes. Our goal is to point out that the production of excess or unregulated free radicals and reactive species can be secondary processes due to the perturbed cellular signal pathways. However, researchers on pharmacology should consider the important role of redox mechanisms in the innate immune system and fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- SZŐKE Henrik
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - BÓKKON István
- Neuroscience and Consciousness Research Department, Vision Research Institute,
Lowell, MA, USA
| | - martin David
- Department of Human Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Vagedes Jan
- University Children’s Hospital, Tuebingen University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - kiss Ágnes
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - kovács Zoltán
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - fekete Ferenc
- Department of Nyerges Gábor Pediatric Infectology, Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - kocsis Tibor
- Department of Clinical Governance, Hungarian National Ambulance Service, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - kisbenedek Andrea
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Lonca N, Maillard F, Leguelinel G, Sharkawi T, Soulairol I. Validation of an HPLC Assay Method for Routine QC Testing and Stability Study of Compounded Low-Dose Capsules of Acetylsalicylic Acid. PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY IN HOSPITAL PHARMACY 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pthp-2018-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The intolerance to Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) can be detected by conducting oral provocation testing (OPT), which is to gradually introduce low doses of ASA. To perform this test, hospital pharmacies compound small batches of different low-dosage ASA capsules. This work aims to validate a method for fast HPLC-UV assay that allows routine quality control and physicochemical stability studies of capsules.
Methods
The chromatographic separation is performed using a C18 column Kinetex (100 A, 50×4.6 mm, 2.6 µm) equipped with a precolumn C18. Separation is achieved using a mobile phase composed of water-acetonitrile-orthophosphoric acid (68:32:0.2 v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and UV detection at 237 nm.
Results
Validation shows that the method was suitable for routine analysis and could be used to perform stability studies.
Conclusions
The 5, 25, 100 and 250 mg dosed capsules show acceptable stability over 12 months, while the 1 mg dosed capsule show an unacceptable degradation of more than 15 % after 3 months. Therefore, hospital pharmacy can plan the manufacture of capsules and anticipate the requests of doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Lonca
- Department of Pharmacy , CHU Caremeau , Nimes , France
| | | | | | - Tahmer Sharkawi
- UMR 5253, Equipe MACS, ICGM , University of Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - Ian Soulairol
- Department of Pharmacy , CHU Caremeau , Nimes , France
- UMR 5253, Equipe MACS, ICGM , University of Montpellier , Montpellier , France
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A computational study for the antioxidant capacity increases in hydroxy-derivatives of paracetamol and salicylic acid. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Borges RS, Barros TG, Pereira GAN, Batista Jr. J, Beleza Filho RFGP, Veiga AAS, Hamoy M, Mello VJ, Silva ABFD, Barros CAL. A Structure and Antioxidant Activity Study of Paracetamol and Salicylic Acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2014.513130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fluorescence excitation spectrum and solvent-assisted conformational isomerization (SACI) of jet-cooled acetaminophen. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lee SJ, Min A, Kim Y, Ahn A, Chang J, Lee SH, Choi MY, Kim SK. Conformationally resolved structures of jet-cooled acetaminophen by UV–UV hole-burning spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:16537-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21999e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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