Synthesis, spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR, UV–Visible), first order hyperpolarizability, NBO and molecular docking study of (E)-1-(4-bromobenzylidene)semicarbazide

Degree-based topological indices, NMR chemical shifts, chemical reactivity, molecular dynamics and DFT analysis of 1,4-Methanoazulene-9-methanol, Decahydro-4,8,8-trimethyl-, [1S-(1α,3aβ,4α,8aβ,9R)]

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the structural, vibrational, and electrical characteristics of 11,4-Methanoazulene-9-methanol, decahydro-4,8,8-trimethyl-, [1S-(1α,3aβ,4α,8aβ,9R*)] (MMDT) with a focus on its potential as a therapeutic agent for liver cancer. The compound was isolated from Hybanthus enneaspermus using Soxhlet extraction, followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The structure optimization and vibrational frequency assignments were done using Density Functional Theory (DFT) method with the B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p) basis set. Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis was conducted to explore intramolecular and intermolecular interactions, along with the first-order hyperpolarizability. Electronic properties such as the energy gap and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), were calculated to anticipate reactive sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic attacks. This is crucial in understanding the compound's reactivity in biological systems. TD-DFT was employed to simulate UV-visible spectra and compared with experimental values. Additionally, the theoretical FTIR spectra were correlated with experimental data, with potential energy distribution (PED%) providing detailed vibrational mode analysis. HOMO and LUMO orbitals were evaluated in the gas phase, revealing key energy parameters. 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts have been properly assigned using the DFT for structural characterization. QSPR/QSAR analysis is made simpler by determining a few topological indices for the MMDT. This study provides a novel computational framework for MMDT paving the way for faster, cost-effective and the Molecular docking studies revealed stable interactions between MMDT and liver cancer-related receptors, with favourable binding energy values along with Ramachandran plot confirmed the stability of the protein-ligand complex could be a promising candidate for liver cancer treatment.

Synthesis, Antibacterial, and Antibiofilm Activities of Imidazo[2,1-b]Thiazole Chalcone Derivatives: In Vitro and In Silico Studies

In recent years, imidazothiazole-chalcone conjugates have emerged as notable pharmacophores with potential applications in discovering biologically active compounds. This study focuses on synthesizing novel imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole chalcone derivatives through a facile and conventional process adhering to several principles of green chemistry, facilitating scalable production. The synthesized compounds underwent comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, LC-MS, and FT-infrared (IR) techniques. Theoretical FT-IR and NMR analysis, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), and global reactivity descriptors were calculated and interpreted. Furthermore, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface, Mulliken atomic charge, electron localization function (ELF), localized orbital locator (LOL), and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) were analyzed. The newly synthesized compounds were screened in vitro for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. In addition, computational docking studies were performed to gain further insights into molecular interactions and found to support the results.

Synthesis, Characterizations, and Quantum Chemical Investigations on Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-Schiff Base Derivative: (E)-2-Phenyl-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-amine

In this study, (E)-2-phenyl-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-amine (3) is synthesized, and detailed spectral characterizations using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were performed. The optimized geometry was computed using the density functional theory method at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The theoretical FT-IR and NMR (1H and 13C) analysis are agreed to validate the structural assignment made for (3). Frontier molecular orbitals, molecular electrostatic potential, Mulliken atomic charge, electron localization function, localized orbital locator, natural bond orbital, nonlinear optical, Fukui functions, and quantum theory of atoms in molecules analyses are undertaken and meticulously interpreted, providing profound insights into the molecular nature and behaviors. In addition, ADMET and drug-likeness studies were carried out and investigated. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations have been studied, indicating that this is an ideal molecule to develop as a potential vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 inhibitor.

Exploring the molecular structure, vibrational spectroscopic, quantum chemical calculation and molecular docking studies of curcumin: A potential PI3K/AKT uptake inhibitor

The IUPAC name of curcumin is (1E, 6E)-1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3methoxyphenyl) hepta-1,6-e-3,5-dione (7B3M5D) and is characterized by spectroscopic profiling with FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra obtained both experimentally and theoretically. PED analysis was done for the confirmation of minimum energy obtained in the title compound. Optimized geometrical parameters are compared with experimental values obtained for 7B3M5D by utilizing B3LYP functional employing 6–311++G (d,p) level of theory. The HOMO-LUMO, MEP, and Fukui function analysis has been used to elucidate the information regarding charge transfer within the molecule. The stabilization energy and charge delocalization of the 7B3M5D were performed by NBO analysis. This article assesses that the title compound act as a potential inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT inhibitor through in silico studies, like molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD), ADMET prediction and also this molecule obeys Lipinski's rule of five. 7B3M5D was docked effectively in the active site of PI3K/AKT inhibitor.

Investigations on 2-(4-Cyanophenylamino) acetic acid by FT-IR,FT-Raman, NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, DFT (NBO, HOMO-LUMO, MEP and Fukui function) and molecular docking studies

Extensive quantum chemical calculation have been carried out to investigate the Fourier Transform Infrared(FT-IR), Fourier Transform Raman(FT-RAMAN) and Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), and Ultra Violet-Visible(UV-vis) spectra of 2-(4-Cyanophenylamino) acetic acid. The molecular structure, fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensities of the vibrational bands were interpreted with the aid of optimizations and normal coordinate force field calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio HF methods with 6–311++G(d,p) basis set. The theoretical vibrational wavenumbers are compared with the experimental values. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energies were found to be-6.2056 eV and -1.2901 eV which indicates the charge transfer within the molecule. Natural bond orbital analysis has been carried out to explain the charge transfer (or) delocalization of charge due to the intra molecular interactions. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP), First order hyperpolarizability, and Fukui functions calculation were also performed. The thermodynamic properties of the title compound were studied for different temperatures. Molecular docking studies were made on the title compound to study the hydrogen bond interactions and the minimum binding energy was calculated.

PES, molecular structure, spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman), electronic (UV-Vis, HOMO-LUMO), quantum chemical and biological (docking) studies on a potent membrane permeable inhibitor: dibenzoxepine derivative

The dibenzoxepines derivatives have found a broad application in biological and pharmaceutical fields as new prospective drugs. So, the molecule (3aS,12bS)-5-Chlor-2-methyl-2,3,3a,12b-tetrahydro-1H-dibenzo[2,3:6,7]oxepino[4,5-c]pyrrol has been characterized by DFT (Density Functional Theory) approach to predict the important properties of it. The minimum energy conformer has been found by PES (Potential Energy Surface) and then the structure is optimized. Further, the structure is characterized spectroscopically by FT-IR and FT-Raman techniques to know the functional group and chemically active atoms. The geometrical parameters, PED (Potential Energy Distribution) assignments have also been reported. The electronic properties of the title compound have been explained by UV-Vis and HOMO-LUMO analyses that describe the charge transfer between the atoms of the molecule. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP), Electron Localization Function (ELF) and Localized Orbital Locator (LOL) have been depicted to know the chemically active regions. The electrophilic and nucleophilic regions have been shown by Fukui functions. The Non-Linear Optics (NLO) for non-linear optical effects and the Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) for charge delocalization were studied. To study the biological activity of the title compound, molecular docking has been performed which suggests that the title molecule may act as a membrane permeable inhibitor.

Vibrational spectra, Hirshfeld surface analysis, molecular docking studies of (RS)-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine 2-oxide by DFT approach

The Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is used as an anti cancer agent. It is chemically known as (RS)-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine 2-oxide. The vibrational assignments survey of the CYC was implemented by employing FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic investigation and the results are compared with theoretical features. The optimized geometrical parameters, IR intensity and Raman Activity of the vibrational bands of CYC were determined from the B3LYP functional with 6-311++G (d, p) level of theory. In the current work, quantum chemical calculations were adopted to contemplate the vibrational assignments of CYC and the outcomes are compared with experimental findings. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) and HOMO-LUMO energies are very effective in the examination of charge transfer and distribution of the molecular structure. The molecular orbital contributions were evaluated by using the Total Density of States (TDOS). The analysis of Natural Bond Orbital (NBO), Mulliken population and Fukui function studies were done. Intermolecular interaction of the title compound was examined through Hirshfeld surface analysis. The evaluation of drug-likeness was accomplished in accordance with Lipinski's Rule of Five and molecular descriptors were utilized to predict the ADMET profiles of the CYC molecule. The recent research studies reports that the structural and bio-activity of the CYC was affirmed by the docking analysis of CYC with protein PI3K/AKT inhibitor, it acts as anti-lung cancer agent.

Conformational profile, vibrational assignments, NLO properties and molecular docking of biologically active herbicide1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea

1,1-Dimethyl-3-phenylurea (known as fenuron) which is a phenyl urea-based widely used herbicide exhibits interesting structural and conformational properties and a notable biological activity. A detailed analysis on the vibrational, molecular and electronic characteristics of fenuron has been carried out. Potential energy scans (PESs) performed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory predicted two possible minima corresponding to the optimized anti and synforms resulting from the internal rotation about the N-C bond. The presence of an auxochrome together with the interaction with DMSO solvent exhibited a blue shift corresponding to the C=O orbitals. Delocalization of HOMO and LUMO orbital facilitated the charge transfer effect in the molecule. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energies, chemical potential, energy gap and global hardness suggested a low softness value for the compound while its biological activity was described by the value of electrophilicity. Chlorine substitution in the phenyl ring influenced the orbital delocalization for ortho and para substitutions but that of meta remained unaffected. NLO properties were noticed to increase due to chlorine substitution in the parent molecule. The docking results suggested that the compound exhibits an inhibitory activity against mitochondrial ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase and can be developed as a potential anticancer agent.

Molecular structure, spectroscopic, dielectric and thermal study, nonlinear optical properties, natural bond orbital, HOMO-LUMO and molecular docking analysis of (C6Cl2O4) (C10H14N2F)2·2H2O

A new chloranilate compound with 1-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazine has been synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic methods and X-ray diffraction. The atomic arrangement can be described by an H-bonded 3D network, formed by anionic entities, organic cations and H₂O molecules linked together via NH…O, OH…Cl, CH…Cl and CH…O hydrogen bonds. The vibrational absorption bands of the various characteristic groups of this compound have been identified by infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, the thermal and dielectric analyses have shown that the title compound has a phase transition at 393 K. The surface mapped over the d_norm property, highlights the A⋯H (AO, C, Cl and F) as the main intermolecular contacts. On the other hand, the geometry, intermolecular bonds and harmonic vibrational frequencies of the title molecule have been investigated using the B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) method. The stability of the structure obtained, as well as the charge transfer within the molecule, have been confirmed by determining the energies of the HOMO and LUMO levels and the theoretical gap energy. Molecular docking studies of the title compound have also been conducted as part of this study.

Quantum mechanical and spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman) study, NBO analysis, HOMO-LUMO, first order hyperpolarizability and molecular docking study of methyl[(3R)-3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropyl]amine by density functional method

Quantum chemical techniques such as density functional theory (DFT) have become a powerful tool in the investigation of the molecular structure and vibrational spectrum and are finding increasing use in application related to biological systems. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) techniques are employed to characterize the title compound. The vibrational frequencies were obtained by DFT/B3LYP calculations with 6-31G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) as basis sets. The geometry of the title compound was optimized. The vibrational assignments and the calculation of Potential Energy Distribution (PED) were carried out using the Vibrational Energy Distribution Analysis (VEDA) software. Molecular electrostatic potential was calculated for the title compound to predict the reactive sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic attack. In addition, the first-order hyperpolarizability, HOMO and LUMO energies, Fukui function and NBO were computed. The thermodynamic properties of the title compound were calculated at different temperatures, revealing the correlations between heat capacity (C), entropy (S) and enthalpy changes (H) with temperatures. Molecular docking studies were also conducted as part of this study. The paper further explains the experimental results which are in line with the theoretical calculations and provide optimistic evidence through molecular docking that the title compound can act as a good antidepressant. It also provides sufficient justification for the title compound to be selected as a good candidate for further studies related to NLO properties.

Structural, vibrational (FTIR and FT-Raman), NMR, UV–vis spectral analysis, and DFT study of 2-(6-oxo-2-thioxotetrahydropyrimidin-4(1H)-ylidene) hydrazine carboxamide

Vibrational and spectral characterizations of 2-(6-oxo-2-thioxo tetrahydro pyrimidin-4(1h)-ylidene) hydrazine carboxamide (OTHHPYHC) were experimentally presented for the ground state using FTIR and FT-Raman and theoretically presented by density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP correlation function with the basis set 6-31G(d,p). The geometrical parameters, energies, and wavenumbers have been obtained. The fundamental assignments were performed on the basis of total energy distribution. The first order hyperpolarizability (β0) and relative properties (β, α0, and Δα) were calculated using B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) method. Solidity of the molecule due to hyperconjugative interactions and charge delocalization has been analysed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The charge distribution and electron transfer from bonding to antibonding orbitals and electron density in the σ* and π* antibonding orbitals confirms interaction within the molecule. In addition to this, Mulliken population and HOMO–LUMO analysis have been used to support the information of structural properties.