Dihydroxo-bridged dimeric Cu(II) system containing sandwiched non-coordinating phenylacetate anion: Crystal structure, spectroscopic, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and DNA-binding studies of [(phen)(H 2 O)Cu(OH) 2 Cu(H 2 O)(phen)]2L.6H 2 O: (HL = phenylacetic acid; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline)

In silico drug encapsulation using 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD, tyrosine kinase and tyrosinase inhibition of dinuclear Cu(II) carboxylate complexes

In recent years, copper carboxylate complexes have garnered significant interest for biological applications. This study focuses on 20 Cu(II) carboxylate complexes selected from our previous research. Due to the hydrophobic nature of these complexes, the 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPβCD) was employed as a carrier to reduce toxicity and increase solubility for controlling drug delivery. Monte Carlo calculations were performed to confirm the interaction between the optimized structures of Cu(II) complexes and 2HPβCD, forming a host-guest system. All the structures were simulated and optimized using DFT-D calculations in Material Studio 2017. The results indicated that a neutral medium is more favorable for the adsorption of these complexes into 2HPβCD. More negative binding energy values suggested strong and energetically favorable adsorption on 2HPβCD. Complexes 4, 5, and 7 exhibited the highest interaction, making them excellent candidates for drug delivery systems. DFT-D calculations were also used to investigate the release of complexes, revealing that complexes 5, 14, and 19 were difficult to release due to their lowest energy. In contrast, complexes 8, 9, and 16 were found to be most efficient to release due to weak non-covalent interactions with 2HPβCD as we can predict from binding energy obtained by DFT-D. No specific trend was observed in the interaction of the complexes with 2HPβCD. Additionally, the effects of these complexes on c-kit tyrosine kinase and Mushroom tyrosinase were studied by molecular docking. The results demonstrated that all the complexes interacted with the active site of respective receptors through hydrophobic interactions. Complexes containing 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2-bipyrdine were identified as having a strong, spontaneous binding ability with receptors.

Mononuclear copper(II) complexes with polypyridyl ligands: synthesis, characterization, DNA interactions/cleavages and in vitro cytotoxicity towards human cancer cells

DNA being the necessary element in cell regeneration, controlled cellular apoptosis via DNA binding/cleaving is considered an approach to combat cancer cells. The widely prescribed metallodrug cisplatin has shown interactions with the guanine-N7 center, and a plethora of complexes are continually developed to enhance crosslinking properties as well as covalent and non-covalent interactions. Two pentadentate ligands, L1 (1-(6-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)methanamine) and L2 (1-(6-(1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)methanamine), were synthesized together with their respective copper(II) complexes [1](ClO4)2 and [2](ClO4)2, which crystallized in a trigonal bipyramidal fashion. Different analytical and spectroscopic methods confirmed their formation, and their redox behaviour was also examined. The interactions of salmon sperm DNA (ss-DNA) with these two complexes were explored using absorbance spectroscopy, and they both exhibited a binding affinity (Kb) of ∼104 M-1. Fluorescence quenching experiments with ethidium bromide (EB)-bound DNA (EB-DNA) were also performed, and Stern-Volmer constant (KSV) values of 6.93 × 103 and 2.34 × 104 M-1 for [1](ClO4)2 and [2](ClO4)2, respectively, were obtained. Furthermore, DNA conformational changes due to the interactions of both complexes were validated via circular dichroism. We also assessed the DNA cleavage property of these complexes, which resulted in the linearization of circular plasmid DNA. This finding was supported by studying the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells upon treatment with both Cu(II) complexes; IC50 values of 5.34 ± 1.02 μM and 0.83 ± 0.18 μM were obtained for [1](ClO4)2 and [2](ClO4)2, respectively. This validates their affinity towards DNA, and these insights can be further utilized for non-platinum based economical metallodrug development based on first row transition metals.

Mononuclear Co(II) polypyridyl complexes: synthesis, molecular structure, DNA binding/cleavage, radical scavenging, docking studies and anticancer activities

Mononuclear Co(II) complexes [CoII(L)Cl2]; 1, [CoII(L)(bpy)Cl]PF6; 2, [CoII(L)(phen)Cl]PF6; 3 and [CoII(L)(pic)Cl]; 4, (where L = N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)aniline, bpy = 2,2/-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, pic = picolinic acid) were systematically synthesized and...

Synthesis and Crystallographic, Absorption and Emission Studies of 4-Pyridine Carboxamide of Zn(II) 4-Chlorophenylacetate

A new zinc(II) complex, [Zn(CB)₂(INA)₂] (where CB is 4-chlorophenylacetate and INA is 4-pyridine carboxamide) was synthesized. The structure of the complex was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Besides, the thermal stability of the complex was investigated by TGA/DTA analysis method. Moreover, the optical absorption and the emission features of the complex were examined by using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectrophotometers, respectively. Furthermore, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to support the experimental results. Accordingly, it was determined that the complex crystallized in a monoclinic system with space group Pc, a = 8.3329 (2) Å, b = 25.6530 (4) Å, c = 13.5048 (3) Å, α = 90°, β = 91.703 (3)° and γ = 90°. The complex consists two crystallographically independent molecules. In each molecule, the Zn^II ion adopts a distorted trigonal pyramidal coordination formed by two O atoms from the two 4 chlorophenylacetate ligand and two N atoms of the two 4-pyridine carboxamide ligands. It was observed that the linear absorption spectra of the complex were similar to linear absorption spectra of the semiconductors. In addition, two emission peaks were observed in the fluorescence spectra which could be due to the formation of excimer and the interactions of the benzene and pyridine rings. The energy gap (ΔE_gap = E_LUMO - E_HOMO) of the complex has been calculated as 3.712 eV and this value is very close to the experimentally measured value (3.86 eV). Therefore, because of higher fluorescence intensity of emission peak that was observed between 309 and 556 nm wavelength besides other traits, the complex could potentially be used in the blue light OLED application by filtering of the emission peak around 710 nm wavelength. Graphical Abstract It was reported synthesis and spectroscopic, structural and optical characterization of a new complex that is Zn(II) of 4-Chlorophenylacetate with isonicotinamide. The complex characterized by elemental analysis, Single crystal X-ray diffraction and FT-IR Spectroscopy. Thermal stabilities of the complex have also been investigated. The studying of the optical absorption and fluorescence spectra of the prepared complex is very important for the determination of the optical application areas. The fluorescence measurements showed that these materials are much suitable for application area of the detection of nitroaromatic explosives. In addition to the Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to support the experimental results. It was reported synthesis and spectroscopic, structural and optical characterization of a new complex that is Zn(II) of 4-Chlorophenylacetate with isonicotinamide. The complex characterized by elemental analysis, Single crystal X-ray diffraction and FT-IR Spectroscopy. Thermal stabilities of the complex have also been investigated. The studying of the optical absorption and fluorescence spectra of the prepared complex is very important for the determination of the optical application areas. In addition to the Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to support the experimental results.

Synthesis, DNA Binding, and Molecular Docking Studies of Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde-Based Bioactive Schiff Bases

A new series of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde derivatives were tested for therapeutic potential by exploring their properties through characterization. The derivatives were synthesized by 1 : 1 condensation reaction of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and substituted amines. The synthesized compounds 1–8 were characterized by different characterization techniques including IR, mass, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, binding of these Schiff bases to Ct-DNA was examined by absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching, circular dichroic, viscosity measurement, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation methods. Schiff bases were tested for antimicrobial activity against bacterial species Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus by the disc diffusion method. The pharmacological treatment of Schiff bases showed that 1–8 have promising potential against tested bacterial strains. The molecular docking study of the target compounds was also carried out against B-DNA dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2, and it has been found that 1–8 can bind to Ct-DNA via an intercalative mode. DPPH free radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays were employed to assess the antioxidant potential of synthesized Schiff bases.

Structure and anticancer activities of four Cu(ii) complexes bearing tropolone

The title Cu(ii) complexes of tropolone induce the apoptosis of MGC80-3 through a caspase-dependent mitochondrion pathway and can also induce autophagy.

Crystal structure of di-μ-hydroxido-bis-{aqua-[ethyl (1,10-phenanthrolin-3-yl)phospho-nato-κ2 N,N']copper(II)} hepta-hydrate

In the title compound, [Cu2(OH)2{C12H7N2(PO3C2H5)}2(H2O)2]·7H2O, two Cu2+ cations are bridged by two hydroxide groups, forming a centrosymmetric binuclear complex. Each Cu2+cation is further coordinated by the N atoms of a bidentate ethyl (1,10-phenanthrolin-3-yl)phospho-nate anion and a water mol-ecule in a square-pyramidal geometry. In the crystal, a network of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the P(O)(O-)(OEt) groups, bridging hydroxyl groups, coordinated and uncoordinated water mol-ecules generates a three-dimensional supra-molecular structure. The ethyl group exhibits disorder and was modelled over three sites with occupancies of 0.455, 0.384 and 0.161.