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Che A, Zellmann-Parrotta CO, Sarkar D, Espejo J, Michaelis VK, Sutherland TC, Williams VE, Ling CC. Cyclodextrin-based liquid crystals: A novel approach to promote the formation of thermotropic cubic mesophases and their potential applications as electrolytes. Carbohydr Polym 2025; 359:123587. [PMID: 40306791 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2025] [Revised: 03/27/2025] [Accepted: 04/06/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and mesomorphic studies of a family of amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin derivatives that are polyesterified at the secondary face with either 14 lauroyl or 14 stearoyl chains (apolar), and 7 tri- or tetra-ethylene glycols (polar) at the primary face. The end of each tri- and tetra-ethylene glycol chain is further modified with different terminal functionalities in term of their dipole moment (O-methyl vs O-acetyl vs O-2-cyanoethyl). This has generated several subgroups of amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin derivatives with a systematic change of their relative volumes of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. Our studies showed that all these derivatives self-assemble into thermotropic liquid crystals, with the majority forming hexagonal column mesophases while three compounds form a bicontinuous cubic phase. We rationalized the mesomorphic behaviour of these compounds in term of the relative total van der Waals fractional volumes occupied by the hydrophilic and hydrophobic chains. Upon added with LiTFSI, the formed bicontinuous cubic phase (as a pure compound) was found to transition to form the more stable smectic A mesophase (composite), and both solid NMR studies and impedance spectroscopy revealed that these novel amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin-based liquid crystalline materials have the potential to be used as efficient electrolytes for lithium conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Che
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Diganta Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jayar Espejo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Vladimir K Michaelis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Todd C Sutherland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Vance E Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Chang-Chun Ling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Cassady H, Martin E, Liu Y, Bhattacharya D, Rochow MF, Dyer BA, Reinhart WF, Cooper VR, Hickner MA. Database of Nonaqueous Proton-Conducting Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:16901-16908. [PMID: 40059360 PMCID: PMC11931497 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c22618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2025] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/21/2025]
Abstract
This work presents the assembly of 48 papers, representing 74 different compounds and blends, into a machine-readable database of nonaqueous proton-conducting materials. SMILES was used to encode the chemical structures of the molecules, and we tabulated the reported proton conductivity, proton diffusion coefficient, and material composition for a total of 3152 data points. The data spans a broad range of temperatures ranging from -70 to 260 °C. To explore this landscape of nonaqueous proton conductors, DFT was used to calculate the proton affinity of 18 unique proton carriers. The results were then compared to the activation energy derived from fitting experimental data to the Arrhenius equation. It was found that while the widely recognized positive correlation between the activation energy and proton affinity may hold among closely related molecules, this correlation does not necessarily apply across a broader range of molecules. This work serves as an example of the potential analyses that can be conducted using literature data combined with emerging research tools in computation and data science to address specific materials design problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison
J. Cassady
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312, United States
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley 94720-8099, California, United States
| | - Emeline Martin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1382, United
States
| | - Yifan Liu
- Materials
Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-2008, United States
| | - Debjyoti Bhattacharya
- Materials
Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Maria F. Rochow
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312, United States
| | - Brock A. Dyer
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Ursinus College, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Wesley F. Reinhart
- Materials
Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Institute
for Computational and Data Sciences, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Valentino R. Cooper
- Materials
Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-2008, United States
| | - Michael A. Hickner
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312, United States
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Staiger A, Paren BA, Zunker R, Hoang S, Häußler M, Winey KI, Mecking S. Anhydrous Proton Transport within Phosphonic Acid Layers in Monodisperse Telechelic Polyethylenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16725-16733. [PMID: 34585919 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polymers bearing phosphonic acid groups have been proposed as anhydrous proton-conducting membranes at elevated operating temperatures for applications in fuel cells. However, the synthesis of phosphonated polymers and the control over the nanostructure of such polymers is challenging. Here, we report the straightforward synthesis of phosphonic acid-terminated, long-chain aliphatic materials with precisely 26 and 48 carbon atoms (C26PA2 and C48PA2). These materials combine the structuring ability of monodisperse polyethylenes with the ability of phosphonic acid groups to form strong hydrogen-bonding networks. Anhydride formation is absent so that charge carrier loss by a condensation reaction is avoided even at elevated temperatures. Below the melting temperature (Tm), both materials exhibit a crystalline polyethylene backbone and a layered morphology with planar phosphonic acid aggregates separated by 29 and 55 Å for C26PA2 and C48PA2, respectively. Above Tm, the amorphous polyethylene (PE) segments coexist with the layered aggregates. This phenomenon is especially pronounced for the C26PA2 and is identified as a thermotropic smectic liquid crystalline phase. Under these conditions, an extraordinarily high correlation length (940 Å) along the layer normal is observed, demonstrating the strength of the hydrogen bond network formed by the phosphonic acid groups. The proton conductivity in both materials in the absence of water reaches 10-4 S/cm at 150 °C. These new precise phosphonic acid-based materials illustrate the importance of controlling the chemistry to form self-assembled nanoscale aggregates that facilitate rapid proton conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Staiger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Benjamin A Paren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robin Zunker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Son Hoang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Manuel Häußler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karen I Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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4
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Makiura R, Niwa A, Eimura H, Uchida J, Kato T. Air/Water Interfacial Monolayer Assembly of Peptide-Conjugated Liquid-Crystalline Molecules. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Makiura
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Anna Niwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroki Eimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Junya Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Xie W, Tan S, Yang J, Luo J, Wang C, Wu Y. Ionic Liquid Crystalline Composite Membranes Composed of Smectic Imidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate and Polyvinyl Alcohol for Anhydrous Proton Conduction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South
Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shuai Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South
Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South
Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South
Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South
Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yong Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South
Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
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Kumar KRS, Gupta M, Sakamoto T, Kato T. Thermotropic Columnar Liquid Crystals Based on Wedge-Shaped Phenylphosphonic Acids. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. R. Sunil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Monika Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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