Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with ibuprofen hydrazide: Characterization, theoretical calculations, antibacterial and antitumor assays and studies of interaction with CT-DNA

A comprehensive review on anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer and antifungal properties of several bivalent transition metal complexes

Transition metal complexes have been recognized as possible therapeutic agents, attributed to their special biological actions, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer. The pharmacological perspective connected with Copper (Cu), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Manganese (Mn), Palladium (Pd), Zinc (Zn), and Platinum (Pt) metal(II) complexes is comprehensively explored in-depth in this research. The complexes show unique coordination chemistry and modes of action that help interactions with biological targets, including DNA binding, enzyme inhibition, and the formation of reactive oxygen species. All the metal(II) complexes showed notable potential impact in their perspective activity. Conspicuously, Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes show better antibacterial and antifungal action, while Cu(II) and Zn(II) combinations show higher anti-inflammatory activity. While research is constantly investigating alternative metal-based anticancer drugs like Pd(II), which seem to have lowered side effects, Pt(II) complexes especially cisplatin continue to be the benchmark in cancer treatment. Although the possible pharmacological actions are motivating, problems with toxicity and biocompatibility still provide major difficulties, especially in relation to Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes. Strategies like ligand modification, nanoparticle-based delivery, and prodrug methods are used to increase selectivity and reduce side effects related to metal complexes. This review compiles the most recent developments and continuous research, thereby shedding light on the potential revolutionary power of metal(II) complexes in medical therapy. Understanding their mechanisms and enhancing their safety profiles will help us open the path to creative ideas for addressing some of the most urgent medical issues of today.

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (±)-N'-(2-hy-droxy-3-meth-oxy-benzyl-idene)-2-(4-iso-butyl-phen-yl)propionohydrazide

The title mol-ecule, C21H26N2O3, adopts a V-shaped conformation and is chiral at the C atom with methyl group attached at the common cut of the edges of the V-conformation and crystallizes as a racemate. It also contains an intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond. In the crystal, N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds form chains of mol-ecules extending along the c-axis direction, together with normal van der Waals contacts. The roles of the various inter-molecular inter-actions were clarified by Hirshfeld surface analysis, which reveals that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H⋯H (62.6%), C⋯H/H⋯C (15.8%) and O⋯H/H⋯O (15.3%) contacts.

Multi-activity tetracoordinated pallado-oxadiazole thiones as anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer, and anti-microbial agents: Structure, stability and bioactivity comparison with pallado-hydrazides

Herein, we report a comparative study based on structure, thermal and solution stability, and biopotency against lipoxygenase (LOX), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and microbes for Pd(II) compounds of N,O,S bearing 5-(C₅H₄XR)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiones (L') of type [PdL'Cl₂] (P'n) and N,O bearing respective hydrazides (L) of type trans-[PdL₂Cl₂] (Pn) {X = C, R = 4-I, 2-Br, 4-NO₂, 3-NO₂, 2-Cl, 3-Cl (n = 1-6, serially); X = N (n = 7)}. Spectral techniques (IR, EI-MS, NMR) and physicochemical evaluations successfully characterized the new compounds. The L' behaved as bidentate S-N donors bonded through exocyclic sulfur and N-3' nitrogen, while L acted as amino N donors. UV-vis (solution speciation) and thermal degradation profiles consistently confirmed the greater stability for P'n than Pn compounds. These compounds manifested varying degree in vitro potential to inhibit LOX, BChE and several bacteria and fungi, affected mainly by Pd(II) presence, M-L binding mode, nature and position of R, or halo groups electronegativity. Molecular docking with human 5-LOX and BChE further validated the respective experimental inhibition findings and explored several putative mechanistic interactions (H-bonding, π-stacking, π-alkyl, π-S, etc.) at the enzyme active sites. Pn generally offered superior antimicrobial and anti-LOX (anti-inflammatory) potential than respective P'n compounds, with P3/P'5, P(2,3,7)/P'3, and P6 being comparable, better and equivalent to ampicillin, nystatin and baicalein, the reference antibacterial, antifungal and anti-LOX drugs, respectively. Contrarily, the anti-BChE activity of P'n was found better than Pn compounds, showing P'2/P1 as the most promising anti-Alzheimer drug candidates. This study bares important structural and mechanistic aspects in optimizing antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-Alzheimer activities, highlighting some potential future pallado-drug candidates.

What is holding back the development of antiviral metallodrugs? A literature overview and implications for SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics and future viral outbreaks

In light of the Covid-19 outbreak, this review brings together historical and current literature efforts towards the development of antiviral metallodrugs. Classical compounds such as CTC-96 and auranofin are discussed in depth, as pillars for future metallodrug development. From the recent literature, both cell-based results and biophysical assays against potential viral biomolecule targets are summarized here. The comprehension of the biomolecular targets and their interactions with coordination compounds are emphasized as fundamental strategies that will foment further development of metal-based antivirals. We also discuss other possible and unexplored methods for unveiling metallodrug interactions with biomolecules related to viral replication and highlight the specific challenges involved in the development of antiviral metallodrugs.

Synthesis, crystal structures, DFT studies, antibacterial assays and interaction assessments with biomolecules of new platinum(ii) complexes with adamantane derivatives

Synthesis, crystal structures and antibacterial activities of new Pt(ii) complexes with adamantane derivatives are presented in this article.