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Abuelwafa AA, Elnobi S, Santos MA, Alsoghier HM. A novel organic semiconductor 4-phenylthiazol-2-yl-(phenylhydrazono) acetonitrile (PTPA) thin films: synthesis, optical and electrical properties. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12973. [PMID: 37563205 PMCID: PMC10415267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, 4-phenylthiazol-2-yl-(phenylhydrazono) acetonitrile (PTPA) azo dye was synthesized and studied from optical and electrical point of view. The tautomerization phenomenon of the PTPA dye was clarified using one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR and 13C NMR), absorbance (UV-Vis), emission, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). X-ray diffraction (XRD) evaluations were indicated that PTPA in powder and thin films crystallizes in a monoclinic system structure with nonstructural characteristics. Spectrophotometric measurements of absorbance A (λ), transmittance T (λ) and reflectance R (λ) at normal incidence light in the wavelength range 200-2500 nm were used to determine the optical band gap, extinction coefficient, k and refractive index, n. Also, non-linear optical parameters such as the third order non-linear susceptibility, χ(3) and nonlinear refractive index, n(2) of PTPA have revealed an awe-inspiring switching behavior, implying the possibility of using PTPA in optical switching systems. Finally, the electrical conductivity of the PTPA was shown to increase with rising temperature, indicating that it is a typical organic semiconductor. Mott's parameters were determined and discussed at low temperatures. Thus, PTPA is a promising organic semiconductor with broad utility potential in organic electronics such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Attia Abuelwafa
- Nano & Thin Film Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Sahar Elnobi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - M Amélia Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hesham M Alsoghier
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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Wasly HS, Abd El-Sadek MS, Elnobi S, Abuelwafa AA. Morphological, structural, and optical properties of flexible Tin Oxide(II) thin film via thermal evaporation technique. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS 2022; 137:164. [DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-02349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTin oxide compounds have been highly studied due to their important properties. Tin Oxide (II) SnO compound is considered an ideal p-type conductive material, with large p-type carrier mobility. It is getting a lot of attention in next-generation electronic applications. In this work, the SnO thin film was deposited on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate by the thermal evaporation method. The X-ray diffraction pattern revealed the amorphous structure of the SnO/PET thin film. The purity of the SnO/PET film was confirmed using the Raman spectrum. An atomic force microscope was carried out to investigate the topography (roughness and particle size) of the obtained SnO thin film. The optical band gap $$E_{{\text{g}}}^{{{\text{Opt}}}}$$
E
g
Opt
for SnO/PET thin film in the absorption region was estimated using Tauc’s equation. The refractive index for the SnO/PET thin film was estimated at the normal dispersion range by a single oscillator model. The dielectric optical properties of the SnO/PET thin film were estimated. The calculated third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) and nonlinear refractive index n(2) were in the order of ~ 10−10 and ~ 10−9esu, respectively, within the photon energy range (0.5 to 4 eV). The Sheik–Bahae model was used to determine the nonlinear absorption coefficient βc for SnO/PET thin film. Based on these detailed results, the high nonlinear optical parameters pave the way for the probability of using the SnO/PET in flexible optoelectronics devices.
Graphical abstract
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Ölmez Nalcıoğlu Ö, Kılıç E, Haspulat Taymaz B, Kamış H. Synthesis of new azobenzo[c]cinnolines and investigation of electronic spectra and spectroelectrochemical behaviours. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 263:120175. [PMID: 34304013 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of disazobenzo[c]cinnoline dyes was prepared by coupling reaction of 3,8-dihydroxybenzo[c]cinnoline with diazotised aromatic amines. The structures of these dyes were confirmed using UV-Vis, FTIR, 1H NMR, LC-MS/MS and LC-MS/TOF spectroscopic techniques. 13C NMR, 13C-DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C HMQC and 1H-13C HMBC spectra of dye 12 were demonstrated in this study. In addition, the effects of the substituent attached to the phenyl ring, solvent and acid-base on the UV-Vis spectra of the dyes were investigated. Besides, voltammetric and spectroelectrochemical behaviours of four disazobenzo[c]cinnolines (2, 8, 11 and 13) in acetonitrile (ACN) solution were also evaluated. It was observed that the disazobenzo[c]cinnoline derivatives indicated reversible voltammetric behaviour in acetonitrile-tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (ACN-TBAP) solution. A square-wave potential step method coupled with optical spectroscopy was used to probe switching times and optic contrast of the dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Öznur Ölmez Nalcıoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Ankara University Faculty of Science, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Science Education, Giresun University Faculty of Education, 28200 Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Emine Kılıç
- Department of Chemistry, Ankara University Faculty of Science, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Bircan Haspulat Taymaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konya Technical University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 42250 Konya, Turkey.
| | - Handan Kamış
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konya Technical University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 42250 Konya, Turkey.
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Amin PO, Ketuly KA, Saeed SR, Muhammadsharif FF, Symes MD, Paul A, Sulaiman K. Synthesis, spectroscopic, electrochemical and photophysical properties of high band gap polymers for potential applications in semi-transparent solar cells. BMC Chem 2021; 15:25. [PMID: 33883016 PMCID: PMC8061061 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-021-00751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The design of new polymers able to filter the electromagnetic spectrum and absorb distinctly in the UV and high-energy part of visible spectrum is crucial for the development of semi-transparent solar cells. Herein, we report on the synthesis and spectroscopic, electrochemical, and photophysical characteristics of three new polymers, namely (i) Poly(triamterene-co-terephthalate), (ii) Poly[triamterene-co- 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-p,p'-disulfonamide], and (iii) Poly(5-hydroxyindole-2-carboxylate) that might show promise as materials for semi-transparent solar cells. RESULTS The energy band gap, refractive index, dielectric constant, and optical conductivity of the electron donor polymer, poly(triamterene-co-terephthalate), were determined to be 2.92 eV, 1.56, 2.44 and 2.43 × 104 S cm-1, respectively. The synthesized electron acceptor polymers showed a relatively high refractive index, dielectric constant, and optical conductivity. The presence of a direct allowed transition was confirmed between intermolecular energy bands of the polymers. CONCLUSIONS The polymers showed relatively high energy gap and deep HOMO levels, making them strong absorbers of photons in the UV region and high energy part of the visible region. The synthesized donor and acceptors performed well relative to P3HT and fullerenes due to the close match of the HOMO and LUMO levels. With further development, the polymers could be viable for use as the active layers of semi-transparent solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peshawa O Amin
- Charmo Center for Research, Training and Consultancy, Charmo University, 46023, Chamchamal, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Kamal Aziz Ketuly
- Department of Medical Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Salah Raza Saeed
- Charmo Center for Research, Training and Consultancy, Charmo University, 46023, Chamchamal, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Fahmi F Muhammadsharif
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koya, KOY45, Kurdistan Region, F.R., Iraq.
| | - Mark D Symes
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Avishek Paul
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Khaulah Sulaiman
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Alsoghier H, Abdellah M, Rageh H, Salman H, Selim M, Santos M, Ibrahim S. NMR spectroscopic investigation of benzothiazolylacetonitrile azo dyes: CR7 substitution effect and semiempirical study. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2020.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Yadav SB, Taware S, Sreenath MC, Chitrambalam S, Joe IH, Sekar N. Experimental and theoretical investigation of linear and nonlinear optical properties of ethyl‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐napthoate azo dyes by solvatochromic, computational aspects, and Z‐scan technique. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar B. Yadav
- Dyestuff Technology DepartmentInstitute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India
| | - Sohan Taware
- Dyestuff Technology DepartmentInstitute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India
| | - Mavila C. Sreenath
- Centre for Molecular and Biophysics Research, Department of PhysicsMar Ivanios College Thiruananthapuram India
| | - Subramaniyan Chitrambalam
- Centre for Molecular and Biophysics Research, Department of PhysicsMar Ivanios College Thiruananthapuram India
| | - Isaac H. Joe
- Centre for Molecular and Biophysics Research, Department of PhysicsMar Ivanios College Thiruananthapuram India
| | - Nagaiyan Sekar
- Dyestuff Technology DepartmentInstitute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India
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Yadav SB, Sreenath MC, Chitrambalam S, Joe IH, Sekar N. NLO Properties of 2‐Napthol Monoazo Disperse Dyes by DFT and Z‐Scan Technique – A Detailed Study. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar B. Yadav
- Department of Dyestuff TechnologyInstitute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai India
| | - Mavila C. Sreenath
- Centre for Molecular and Biophysics ResearchDepartment of PhysicsMar Ivanios College, Thiruananthapuram Kerala 695015 India
| | - Subramaniyan Chitrambalam
- Centre for Molecular and Biophysics ResearchDepartment of PhysicsMar Ivanios College, Thiruananthapuram Kerala 695015 India
| | - Isaac H. Joe
- Centre for Molecular and Biophysics ResearchDepartment of PhysicsMar Ivanios College, Thiruananthapuram Kerala 695015 India
| | - Nagaiyan Sekar
- Department of Dyestuff TechnologyInstitute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai India
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