Development of multifunctional polyester using disperse dyes based through a combination of mosquito repellents

Boric acid crosslinked chitosan microcapsules loaded with frankincense oil for the development of mosquito-repellent, antibacterial, antioxidant, and flame-retardant cotton

In ancient times, textiles were only used for covering the human body. Nowadays, people are looking for functional textiles to provide additional functional properties. In the present work, an attempt was made to develop chitosan and boric acid-based microcapsules loaded with frankincense oil. Application of these microcapsules was done on cotton using a pad-dry method. The release rate, encapsulation efficiency and microencapsulation yield of microcapsules, and functional properties of finished fabric were studied. The prepared microcapsules were also characterised by different techniques like SEM, FTIR, TGA, and EDX. The finished fabric exhibited mosquito repellency (100 %), antioxidant activity (>66 %), antibacterial activity against E. coli (88.69 %) and S. aureus (94.5 %), and LOI of 24 with a pleasant aroma.

Novel Sophoridine Derivatives as Potential Larvicidal Agents against Aedes albopictus: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition, and Morphological Study

Two series of novel sophoridine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-mosquito activity. SOP-2g, SOP-2q, and SOP-2r exhibited potential larvicidal activity against Aedes albopictus larva with LC₅₀ values of 330.98, 430.53, and 411.09 ppm, respectively. Analysis of structure-activity relationships indicated that the oxime ester group was beneficial for improving the larvicidal biological activity, whereas the long-chain aliphatic group and fused-ring group were introduced. Furthermore, the larvicidal mechanism was also investigated based on the inhibition assay of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the morphological observation of dead larva treated with derivatives. Results indicated that the AChE inhibitory activity of the preferred three derivatives were 63.16%, 46.67%, and 35.11%, respectively, at 250 ppm concentration. Additionally, morphological evidence demonstrated that SOP-2q and SOP-2r induced changes in the larva's intestinal cavity, caudal gill, and tail, thereby displaying larvicidal action against Ae. albopictus together with AChE inhibition. Therefore, this study implied that sophoridine and its novel derivatives could be used to control the population of mosquito larva, which may also be effective alkaloids to reduce the mosquito population density.

Synthesis of a Novel Cationic Dye to Impart Mosquito-Repellent and UV Protection to an Acrylic Fabric

The growing demand for innovative routes to develop functional textiles initiated the necessity of new efficient functional molecules. Dyes can provide durable functional protection to textiles due to their ability to generate strong dye-fiber interaction. New dyes to improve a dyed substrate's quality and aesthetic appearance are in huge demand. This research aims to prepare a mosquito-repellent and UV-protective acrylic fabric using a novel cationic (basic) dye. The cationic dye was synthesized and thoroughly characterized with the help of FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and CHN analysis. The dye was further used for the dyeing of the acrylic fabric by using an infrared dyeing machine. To analyze the suitability of dyed fabrics for daily use, washing, rubbing, and light fastness of dyed fabrics were determined. The amount of dye (%) taken up by the acrylic fabric (exhaustion %) was determined, and more than 72% of exhaustion was obtained. The fixation (%) of the dye on acrylic fabrics was also quantified, and more than 80% fixation was obtained. The coloration properties of the dyed fabrics (L*, a*, b*, and K/S) were examined. The dyed fabrics showed a K/S of more than 3. The mosquito-repellent action provided by the dyed fabrics was also analyzed, and 100% repellency was obtained. The dyed fabrics provided an excellent UV-protective property. The multifunctional properties of dyed fabrics were retained significantly even after laundering treatments. The dyed fabrics were characterized using X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. A reduction in crystalline peak intensity after dyeing was obtained. The dyed and undyed fabrics were also tested for their tensile strength.

In silico prediction of mosquito repellents for clothing application

Use of protective clothing is a simple and efficient way to reduce the contacts with mosquitoes and consequently the probability of transmission of diseases spread by them. This mechanical barrier can be enhanced by the application of repellents. Unfortunately the number of available repellents is limited. As a result, there is a crucial need to find new active and safer molecules repelling mosquitoes. In this context, a structure-activity relationship (SAR) model was proposed for the design of repellents active on clothing. It was computed from a dataset of 2027 chemicals for which repellent activity on clothing was measured against Aedes aegypti. Molecules were described by means of 20 molecular descriptors encoding physicochemical properties, topological information and structural features. A three-layer perceptron was used as statistical tool. An accuracy of 87% was obtained for both the training and test sets. Most of the wrong predictions can be explained. Avenues for increasing the performances of the model have been proposed.