Synthesis, X-ray crystallography, molecular electronic property investigation, and leukopoiesis activity of novel 4,6-dimethyl-1,6-dihydropyridin-2-amino nitrate hybrid material

New Nanosized V(III), Fe(III), and Ni(II) Complexes Comprising Schiff Base and 2-Amino-4-Methyl Pyrimidine: Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Activity

A new synthesis of mixed ligand complexes vanadium(III), iron(III), and nickel(II), [M : L1 : L2], where L1 = Schiff base 2-((E)-((4-(((E)-benzylidene)amino)phenyl)imino)methyl)-naphthalene-1-ol (C24H18N2O) as for L2 = AMPY 2-amino-4-methyl pyrimidine (C5H7N3) were prepared in powder and investigated. Element analysis, molar conductivity, FT-IR, UV-vis, and magnetic susceptibility values have been acquired to describe the generated complexes. The values of vanadium(III), iron(III), and nickel(II) compounds are, respectively, 2.88 BM, 5.96 BM, and 2.92 BM, demonstrating that all compounds conform to the recommended octahedral geometry. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is used to further assess the complexes and establish the temperature stability and degradation of the metal complexes. The calculations abstracted from XRD patterns propose nanosized complexes (average size 29-50 nm). The microstructures of the samples have also been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The disc diffusion method was used to assess and analyze the inhibition of the growth of compounds against harmful bacterial and fungal strains. The prepared complexes were tested against three strains of bacteria, one gram-positive strain (Bacillus subtilis), two gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and one fungus (Aspergillus fumigatus). The complexes inferred antimicrobial activity against the studied organisms. Specifically, vanadium(III) and nickel(II) are more effective than iron(III), making them promising drugs.

Impact of Polythiophene ((C4H4S)n; n = 3, 5, 7, 9) Units on the Adsorption, Reactivity, and Photodegradation Mechanism of Tetracycline by Ti-Doped Graphene/Boron Nitride (Ti@GP_BN) Nanocomposite Materials: Insights from Computational Study

This study addresses the formidable persistence of tetracycline (TC) in the environment and its adverse impact on soil, water, and microbial ecosystems. To combat this issue, an innovative approach by varying polythiophene ((C4H4S)n; n = 3, 5, 7, 9) units and the subsequent interaction with Ti-doped graphene/boron nitride (Ti@GP_BN) nanocomposites was applied as catalysts for investigating the molecular structure, adsorption, excitation analysis, and photodegradation mechanism of tetracycline within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP-gd3bj/def2svp method. This study reveals a compelling correlation between the adsorption potential of the nanocomposites and their corresponding excitation behaviors, particularly notable in the fifth and seventh units of the polythiophene configuration. These units exhibit distinct excitation patterns, characterized by energy levels of 1.3406 and 924.81 nm wavelengths for the fifth unit and 1.3391 and 925.88 nm wavelengths for the seventh unit. Through exploring deeper, the examination of the exciton binding energy emerges as a pivotal factor, bolstering the outcomes derived from both UV-vis transition analysis and adsorption exploration. Notably, the calculated exciton binding energies of 0.120 and 0.103 eV for polythiophene units containing 5 and 7 segments, respectively, provide compelling confirmation of our findings. This convergence of data reinforces the integrity of our earlier analyses, enhancing our understanding of the intricate electronic and energetic interplay within these intricate systems. This study sheds light on the promising potential of the polythiophene/Ti-doped graphene/boron nitride nanocomposite as an efficient candidate for TC photodegradation, contributing to the advancement of sustainable environmental remediation strategies. This study was conducted theoretically; hence, experimental studies are needed to authenticate the use of the studied nanocomposites for degrading TC.

Molecular Simulation of the Interaction of Diclofenac with Halogen (F, Cl, Br)-Encapsulated Ga12As12 Nanoclusters

Diclofenac is one of the most frequently consumed over-the-counter anti-inflammatory agents globally, and several reports have confirmed its global ubiquity in several environmental compartments. Therefore, the need to develop more efficient monitoring/sensing devices with high detection limits is still needed. Herein, quantum mechanical simulations using density functional theory (DFT) computations have been utilized to evaluate the nanosensing efficacy and probe the applicability of Ga₁₂As₁₂ nanostructure and its engineered derivatives (halogen encapsulation F, Br, Cl) as efficient adsorbent/sensor materials for diclofenac. Based on the DFT computations, it was observed that diclofenac preferred to interact with the adsorbent material by assuming a flat orientation on the surface while interacting via its hydrogen atoms with the As atoms at the corner of the GaAs cage forming a polar covalent As-H bond. The adsorption energies were observed to be in the range of -17.26 to -24.79 kcal/mol and therefore suggested favorable adsorption with the surface. Nonetheless, considerable deformation was observed for the Br-encapsulated derivative, and therefore, its adsorption energy was observed to be positive. Additionally, encapsulation of the GaAs nanoclusters with halogens (F and Cl) enhanced the sensing attributes by causing a decrease in the energy gap of the nanocluster. And therefore, this suggests the feasibility of the studied materials as potentiometric sensor materials. These findings could offer some implications for the potential application of GaAs and their halogen-encapsulated derivatives for electronic technological applications.

Anticancer Activities of Re(I) Tricarbonyl and Its Imidazole-Based Ligands: Insight from a Theoretical Approach

Rhenium complexes have been observed experimentally to exhibit good inhibitory activity against malignant cells. Hence, our motivation is to explore this activity from a theoretical perspective. In the present study, density functional theory (DFT) and in silico molecular docking approaches were utilized to unravel the unique properties of metal-based rhenium tricarbonyl complexes as effective anticancer drugs. All DFT calculations and geometric optimizations were conducted using the well-established hybrid functional B3LYP-GD(BJ)/Gen/6-311++G(d,p)/LanL2DZ computational method. The FT-IR spectroscopic characterization of the complexes: fac-[Re(Pico)(CO)₃(Pz)] (R1), fac-[Re(Pico)(CO)₃(Py)] (R2), fac-[Re(Dfpc)(CO)₃(H₂O)] (R3), fac-[Re(Dfpc)(CO)₃(Pz)] (R4), fac-[Re(Dfpc)(CO)₃(Py)] (R5), fac-[Re(Tfpc)(CO)₃(H₂O)] (R6), fac-[Re(Tfpc)(CO)₃(Py)] (R7), and fac-[Re(Tfpc)(CO)₃(Im)] (R8) was explored. To gain insights into the electronic structural properties, bioactivity, and stability of these complexes, the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital analysis, binding energy, and topological analysis based on quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules were considered. The anticancer activities of the complexes were measured via in silico molecular docking against human BCL-2 protein (IG5M) and proapoptotic (agonist) BAX 1 protein (450O). The results showed that the studied complexes exhibited good binding affinity (-3.25 to -10.16 kcal/mol) and could cause significant disruption of the normal physiological functions of the studied proteins. The results of DFT calculations also showed that the studied complexes exhibited good stability and are suitable candidates for the development of anticancer agents.

Physico-Chemical Study of Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Cr(III), and Pd(II) Complexes with Schiff-Base and Aminopyrimidyl Derivatives and Anti-Cancer, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Applications

A new class of biologically active mineral complexes was synthesized by reacting the following metal salts: MnCl2·4H2O, CoCl2·6H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, CrCl3·6H2O, and PdCl2 respectively with 2-amino-4,6-dimethyl pyrimidine (ADMPY) and Schiff’s base resulting from the condensation reaction between benzaldehyde with p-phenylenediamine and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde as ligands have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of their CHN, thermal analysis, XRD, SEM and magnetic measurements along with their FT-IR and UV-vis spectra. The scanning electron microscope SEM measurements and the calculations on the powder XRD data indicate the nano-sized nature of the prepared complexes (average size 32–88 nm). The spectral data confirmed the coordinated ligand (HL) via a nitrogen atom of an azomethine group (-C=N-) and phenolic -OH group and NH2-ADMPY ligand with the metal ions. An octahedral geometry for all complexes has been proposed based on magnetic and electronic spectral data except Pd(II) complex, which has a tetrahedral geometry. Molecular modeling was performed for Cu(II) complex using the density functional method DFT/B3LYP to study the structures and the frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO). The antioxidant of the complexes was studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical-scavenging assays. The metal complexes were tested in vitro for anticancer activities against two cancer lines A-549 and MRC-5 cells. Cu(II) and Pd(II) complexes showed the highest cytotoxicity effect, comparable to that of other cis-platinum-based drugs. The complexes showed significant activity against fungi and bacteria.