A green synthesis, DFT calculations, and molecular docking study of some new indeno[2,1-b]quinoxalines containing thiazole moiety

Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of pyrimidinone-linked thiazoles: DFT analysis, molecular docking, corrosion inhibition, and bioactivity studies

The paper describes the construction of a new series of pyrimidinone-linked thiazole derivatives through bromination of the initial Biginelli reaction product followed by the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis route. Various analytical techniques, including FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LCMS analysis, were employed to confirm the formation of the products. The synthesized compounds were primarily evaluated for their antibacterial activity, with a specific focus on their IC50 values. Compound 4c demonstrated the most potent efficacy, displaying MIC and MBC values that varied from 0.23 to 0.71 mg/mL and 0.46-0.95 mg/mL, respectively. The anti-inflammatory potential was also observed in analogs 4a and 4c with marked activity in the 33.2-82.9 μM concentration range. Moreover, compounds 4a, and 4c demonstrated strong antioxidant effects, as reflected by their excellent IC50 values of 38.6-43.5 μM respectively. DFT investigation showed that B. cereus was more susceptible, and E. coli was more resistant, with chloro-substituted compounds exhibiting potential reactivity. Some molecules with chloro-substituents showed promising results in density functional theory when compared to other substituents. In addition, the molecules underwent a corrosion study and demonstrated a high level of inhibition efficiency (4c) in comparison to other molecules. Further in silico studies of the synthesized thiazoles confirmed the good interactions with the target.

An Efficient Synthesis of Novel Aminothiazolylacetamido-Substituted 3,5-Bis(arylidene)-4-piperidone Derivatives and Their Cytotoxicity Studies

The expansion of 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidone derivatives with heterocyclic compounds such as 1,3-thiazole should take into account this correlation. The synthesized aminothiazolylacetamido-substituted 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidone derivatives 3a-j were found to have GI50 values in the range of 0.15-0.28 μM against HeLa and HCT116 cancer cell lines. In silico docking studies confirmed that the proteasome inhibition mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack from the N-terminal threonine residue of the β-subunits to the C=O group of compounds. A C=O group of amide was able to interact with the NH group of the alanine residue and the 5g NH group of amino thiazole, along with an OH group of the serine residue. These results strongly suggest that the synthesized compounds could be a potential candidate inhibitor of the 20S proteasome. These molecules have the potential to be developed as cytotoxic and anticancer agents, as revealed by this study.

Experimental and density functional theory studies on some metal oxides and the derived nanoclusters: a comparative effects on human ferritin

A comprehensive investigation into the green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) has garnered significant attention due to its commendable reliability, sustainability, and environmentally friendly attributes. Green synthesis methods play a crucial role in mitigating the adverse effects associated with conventional approaches employed for nanostructure preparation. This research endeavors to examine the impact of ginger plant extract-assisted green synthesis of metal oxides NPs on the serum ferritin levels of anemic diabetic patients in vitro, focusing specifically on α-Fe2O3 and ZnO NPs. Sixty diabetic volunteers with anemia (35-50 years) and thirty healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. The assessment was conducted using the VIDAS Ferritin (FER) assay. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy measurements were performed to elucidate the intrinsic and extrinsic transitions of these NPs, affirming the successful formation of α-structured iron oxide. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,2p) level of theory to investigate the geometry optimization and molecular electrostatic potential maps of the NPs. Furthermore, TD-DFT calculations were employed to explore their frontier molecular orbitals and various quantum chemical parameters. The binding affinity and interaction types of ZnO and α-Fe2O3 NPs to the active site of the human H-Chain Ferritin (PDB ID: 2FHA) target were determined with the help of molecular docking. Results unveiled the crystalline structure of ZnO and the α-structure of α-Fe2O3. Analysis of the frontier molecular orbitals and dipole moment values demonstrated that ZnO (total dipole moment (D) = 5.80 µ) exhibited superior chemical reactivity, biological activity, and stronger molecular interactions with diverse force fields compared to α-Fe2O3 (D = 2.65 µ). Molecular docking of the metal oxides NPs with human H-chain ferritin provided evidence of robust hydrogen bond interactions and metal-acceptor bonds between the metal oxides and the target protein. This finding could have a great impact on using metal oxides NPs-ferritin as a therapeutic protein, however, further studies on their toxicity are required.

Green Synthesis and Molecular Docking Study of Some New Thiazoles Using Terephthalohydrazide Chitosan Hydrogel as Ecofriendly Biopolymeric Catalyst

Terephthalohydrazide chitosan hydrogel (TCs) was prepared and investigated as an ecofriendly biopolymeric catalyst for synthesis of some novel thiazole and thiadiazole derivatives. Thus, TCs was used as a promising ecofriendly basic biocatalyst for preparation of three new series of thiazoles and two thiadiazoles derivatives via reacting 2-(2-oxo-1,2-diphenylethylidene) hydrazine-1-carbothio-amide with various hydrazonoyl chlorides and α-haloketones under mild ultrasonic irradiation. Also, their yield% was estimated using chitosan and TCs in a comparative study. The procedure being employed has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, quick reaction durations, and high reaction yields. It also benefits from the catalyst’s capacity to be reused several times without significantly losing potency. The chemical structures of the newly prepared compounds were confirmed by IR, MS, and 1H-NMR. Docking analyses of the synthesized compounds’ binding modes revealed promising binding scores against the various amino acids of the selected protein (PDB Code—1JIJ). SwissADME’s online tool is then used to analyze the physiochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the most significant substances. The majority of novel compounds showed zero violation from Lipinski’s rule (Ro5).