Abstract
BACKGROUND
Patients with Barrett esophagus (BE) are predisposed to developing dysplasia and cancer. Adenocarcinoma, which is associated with BE, is the most common type of esophageal tumor and, typically, it has an aggressive clinical course and a high rate of mortality.
METHODS
The English-language literature relating to tumor epidemiology, etiology, and the pathogenesis of BE was reviewed and summarized.
RESULTS
The role of pathologists in the diagnosis and pitfalls associated with grading Barrett dysplasia is addressed. Current molecular testing for Barrett neoplasia, as well as testing methods currently in development, is discussed, focusing on relevant tests for diagnosing tumor types, determining prognosis, and assessing therapeutic response.
CONCLUSIONS
Grading is essential for developing appropriate treatment plans, follow-up visits, and therapeutic interventions for each patient. Familiarity with current molecular testing methods will help physicians correctly diagnose the disease and select the most appropriate therapy for each of their patients.
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