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Angelé-Martínez C, Ameer FS, Raval YS, Huang G, Tzeng TRJ, Anker JN, Brumaghim JL. Polyphenol effects on CuO-nanoparticle-mediated DNA damage, reactive oxygen species generation, and fibroblast cell death. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 78:105252. [PMID: 34624480 PMCID: PMC8671380 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability of ten polyphenolic antioxidants to prevent CuO nanoparticle (NPCuO) and H2O2-mediated DNA damage and cytotoxicity was investigated. Five of the polyphenols (MEPCA, PREGA, MEGA, ECG, and EGCG) prevent NPCuO/H2O2-mediated DNA damage (IC50 values of 7.5-800 μM), three have no effect (PCA, VA, and EC), and two (GA and EGC) result in increased DNA damage. Most polyphenols had similar antioxidant/prooxidant activity in the presence of NPCuO or free copper ions. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NPCuO/H2O2 in the presence of representative polyphenols correlate with results of DNA damage studies: in the presence of NPCuO/H2O2, MEPCA prevents ROS formation, VA has no effect on ROS levels, and EGC increases ROS levels. EPR results with CuO nanoparticles washed to remove dissolved copper in solution (wCuO) in the presence of H2O2/ascorbate suggest that MEPCA prevents ROS formation on the nanoparticle surface in addition to preventing ROS formation from dissolved copper. In mouse fibroblast (L929) cells, combining NPCuO with H2O2 results in significantly greater cytotoxicity than observed for either component alone. After 3 h incubation with MEPCA or MEGA, the viability loss in L929 cells induced by NPCuO/H2O2 challenge was significantly rescued at physiologically relevant polyphenol levels (1 μM). These studies show that polyphenols can protect DNA and inhibit cytotoxicity generated by NPCuO under oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fathima S Ameer
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA.
| | - Yash S Raval
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Guohui Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Tzuen-Rong J Tzeng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Jeffrey N Anker
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA.
| | - Julia L Brumaghim
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA.
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Radioprotective Effect of Flavonoids on Ionizing Radiation-Induced Brain Damage. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235719. [PMID: 33287417 PMCID: PMC7730479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients receiving brain radiotherapy may suffer acute or chronic side effects. Ionizing radiation induces the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system, leading to brain damage. Complementary Chinese herbal medicine therapy may reduce radiotherapy-induced side effects. Flavonoids are a class of natural products which can be extracted from Chinese herbal medicine and have been shown to have neuroprotective and radioprotective properties. Flavonoids are effective antioxidants and can also inhibit regulatory enzymes or transcription factors important for controlling inflammatory mediators, affect oxidative stress through interaction with DNA and enhance genomic stability. In this paper, radiation-induced brain damage and the relevant molecular mechanism were summarized. The radio-neuro-protective effect of flavonoids, i.e., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and maintaining genomic stability, were then reviewed. We concluded that flavonoids treatment may be a promising complementary therapy to prevent radiotherapy-induced brain pathophysiological changes and cognitive impairment.
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Shimura T, Koyama M, Aono D, Kunugita N. Epicatechin as a promising agent to countermeasure radiation exposure by mitigating mitochondrial damage in human fibroblasts and mouse hematopoietic cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:6867-6876. [PMID: 30840834 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802246rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accidental radiation exposure that is due to a nuclear accident or terrorism using radioactive materials has severe detrimental effects on human health, and it can manifest as acute radiation syndrome depending on the dose and distribution of the radiation. Therefore, the development of radiation countermeasure agents is urgently needed to protect humans against radiation injury. Besides nuclear DNA, the mitochondria are important targets of ionizing radiation (IR) because these organelles generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, we revealed that mitochondrial ROS-activated cell signaling is associated with IR-induced tumor formation. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of ascorbic acid and epicatechin (EC) in scavenging ROS as radiation countermeasure agents by using human cells and mouse. Preradiation and postradiation treatments with EC mitigate ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage, IR-induced oxidative stress responses including reduction of superoxide dismutase activity, and elevated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression, and they improve human fibroblast survival. As well as in vitro, EC mitigated ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage after exposure to IR in vivo in mouse platelets. Furthermore, oral administration of EC significantly enhanced the recovery of mouse hematopoietic cells from radiation injury in vivo. In summary, EC is a potentially viable countermeasure agent that is immediately effective against accidental IR exposure by targeting mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress.-Shimura, T., Koyama, M., Aono, D., Kunugita, N. Epicatechin as a promising agent to countermeasure radiation exposure by mitigating mitochondrial damage in human fibroblasts and mouse hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Shimura
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan; and
| | - Mao Koyama
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan; and.,Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Aono
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan; and.,Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kunugita
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan; and
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Ding F, Zhang N, Wang Z, Qiu J. The Radioprotective Effect of Polyphenols From Pinecones of Pinus koraiensis
and Their Synergistic Effect With Auricularia auricula-judae
(Bull.) J. Schröt Polysaccharides. STARCH-STARKE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201800009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Ding
- Department of Food Science; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Naixun Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; School of Forestry; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin 150040 China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Food Science; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Junqiang Qiu
- Department of Food Science; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
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El-Missiry MA, Othman AI, El-Sawy MR, Lebede MF. Neuroprotective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on radiation-induced damage and apoptosis in the rat hippocampus. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:798-808. [PMID: 29939076 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1492755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the potential neuroprotective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on radiation-induced cell death and damage in the hippocampus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Wister rats received oral treatment with EGCG at doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg/d for 3 d before 4 Gy γ irradiation. RESULTS The pretreatment of irradiated rats with EGCG significantly ameliorated the increased plasma levels of homocysteine, amyloid β, TNF-α and IL-6 levels and the decrease of dopamine and serotonin. Pretreatment with EGCG also significantly ameliorated the irradiation-induced increase in the 4-HNE and protein carbonyl levels and the decreased antioxidants including glutathione level, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the hippocampus. EGCG treatment prior to radiation exposure protected against DNA damage and apoptosis in the hippocampus. The increase in the levels of p53, Cytochrome-c, Bax and caspases 3 and 9 in the hippocampus were significantly ameliorated with a significant increase in Bcl-2. These changes were supported by marked protection of the dentate gyrus that exhibited a similar histological structure of the control animals. CONCLUSIONS EGCG can attenuate the severity of radiation-induced damage and cell death in hippocampus recommending polyphenols as successful option for protecting against radiation-induced hippocampal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Missiry
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt.,b Prince Sultan Military Collage of Health Sciences , Dhahran , KSA
| | - Azza I Othman
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Mamdouh R El-Sawy
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Mohamad F Lebede
- c Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Medical Technology , Tobruk University , Tobruk , Libya
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Proshkina E, Lashmanova E, Dobrovolskaya E, Zemskaya N, Kudryavtseva A, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Geroprotective and Radioprotective Activity of Quercetin, (-)-Epicatechin, and Ibuprofen in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:505. [PMID: 28066251 PMCID: PMC5179547 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The modulation of longevity genes and aging-associated signaling pathways using pharmacological agents is one of the potential ways to prolong the lifespan and increase the vitality of an organism. Phytochemicals flavonoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have a large potential as geroprotectors. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of long-term and short-term consumption of quercetin, (-)-epicatechin, and ibuprofen on the lifespan, resistance to stress factors (paraquat, hyperthermia, γ-radiation, and starvation), as well as age-dependent physiological parameters (locomotor activity and fecundity) of Drosophila melanogaster. The long-term treatment with quercetin and (-)-epicatechin didn't change or decreased the lifespan of males and females. In contrast, the short-term treatment with flavonoids had a beneficial effect and stimulated the resistance to paraquat and acute γ-irradiation. The short-term ibuprofen consumption had a positive effect on the lifespan of females when it was carried out at the middle age (30–40 days), and to the survival of flies under conditions of oxidative and genotoxic stresses. However, it didn't change the lifespan of males and females after the treatment during first 10 days of an imago life. Additionally, quercetin, (-)-epicatechin, and ibuprofen decreased the spontaneous locomotor activity of males, but had no effect of stimulated the physical activity and fecundity of females. Revealed quercetin, (-)-epicatechin, and ibuprofen activity can be associated with the stimulation of stress response mechanisms through the activation of pro-longevity pathways, or the induction of hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Lashmanova
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Eugenia Dobrovolskaya
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Zemskaya
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)Syktyvkar, Russia; Department of Ecology, Institute of Natural Sciences, Syktyvkar State UniversitySyktyvkar, Russia
| | - Anna Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology (EIMB), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)Syktyvkar, Russia; Department of Ecology, Institute of Natural Sciences, Syktyvkar State UniversitySyktyvkar, Russia
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)Syktyvkar, Russia; Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT)Dolgoprudny, Russia; Department of Ecology, Institute of Natural Sciences, Syktyvkar State UniversitySyktyvkar, Russia; Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology (EIMB), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)Moscow, Russia
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The Flaxseed-Derived Lignan Phenolic Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside (SDG) Protects Non-Malignant Lung Cells from Radiation Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:ijms17010007. [PMID: 26703588 PMCID: PMC4730254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant phenolic compounds are common dietary antioxidants that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Flaxseed (FS) has been reported to be radioprotective in murine models of oxidative lung damage. Flaxseed’s protective properties are attributed to its main biphenolic lignan, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). SDG is a free radical scavenger, shown in cell free systems to protect DNA from radiation-induced damage. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro radioprotective efficacy of SDG in murine lung cells. Protection against irradiation (IR)-induced DNA double and single strand breaks was assessed by γ-H2AX labeling and alkaline comet assay, respectively. The role of SDG in modulating the levels of cytoprotective enzymes was evaluated by qPCR and confirmed by Western blotting. Additionally, effects of SDG on clonogenic survival of irradiated cells were evaluated. SDG protected cells from IR-induced death and ameliorated DNA damage by reducing mean comet tail length and percentage of γ-H2AX positive cells. Importantly, SDG significantly increased gene and protein levels of antioxidant HO-1, GSTM1 and NQO1. Our results identify the potent radioprotective properties of the synthetic biphenolic SDG, preventing DNA damage and enhancing the antioxidant capacity of normal lung cells; thus, rendering SDG a potential radioprotector against radiation exposure.
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Paul SS, Selim M, Saha A, Mukherjea KK. Synthesis and structural characterization of dioxomolybdenum and dioxotungsten hydroxamato complexes and their function in the protection of radiation induced DNA damage. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:2835-48. [PMID: 24336831 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52434e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and structural characterization of two novel dioxomolybdenum(VI) (1) and dioxotungsten(VI) (2) complexes with 2-phenylacetylhydroxamic acid (PAHH) [M(O)2(PAH)2] [M = Mo, W] have been accomplished. The dioxomolybdenum(VI) and dioxotungsten(VI) moiety is coordinated by the hydroxamate group (-CONHO(-)) of the 2-phenylacetylhydroxamate (PAH) ligand in a bi-dentate fashion. In both the complexes the PAHH ligand is coordinated through oxygen atoms forming a five membered chelate. The hydrogen atom of N-H of the hydroxamate group is engaged in intermolecular H-bonding with the carbonyl oxygen of another coordinated hydroxamate ligand, thereby forming an extended 1D chain. The ligand as well as both the complexes exhibit the ability to protect from radiation induced damage both in CTDNA as well as in pUC19 plasmid DNA. As the damage to DNA is caused by the radicals generated during radiolysis, its scavenging imparts protection from the damage to DNA. To understand the mechanism of protection, binding affinities of the ligand and the complex with DNA were determined using absorption and emission spectral studies and viscosity measurements, whereby the results indicate that both the complexes and the hydroxamate ligand interact with calf thymus DNA in the minor groove. The intrinsic binding constants, obtained from UV-vis studies, are 7.2 × 10(3) M(-1), 5.2 × 10(4) M(-1) and 1.2 × 10(4) M(-1) for the ligand and complexes 1 and 2 respectively. The Stern-Volmer quenching constants obtained from a luminescence study for both the complexes are 5.6 × 10(4) M(-1) and 1.6 × 10(4) M(-1) respectively. The dioxomolybdenum(VI) complex is found to be a more potent radioprotector compared to the dioxotungsten(VI) complex and the ligand. Radical scavenging chemical studies suggest that the complexes have a greater ability to scavenge both the hydroxyl as well as the superoxide radicals compared to the ligand. The free radical scavenging ability of the ligand and the complexes was further established by EPR spectroscopy using a stable free radical, the DPPH, as a probe. The experimental results of DNA binding are further supported by molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Shankar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Calcutta, Kolkata-700032, India.
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Pal S, Dey SK, Saha C. Inhibition of catalase by tea catechins in free and cellular state: a biophysical approach. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102460. [PMID: 25025898 PMCID: PMC4099323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea flavonoids bind to variety of enzymes and inhibit their activities. In the present study, binding and inhibition of catalase activity by catechins with respect to their structure-affinity relationship has been elucidated. Fluorimetrically determined binding constants for (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) with catalase were observed to be 2.27×106 M(-1) and 1.66×106 M(-1), respectively. Thermodynamic parameters evidence exothermic and spontaneous interaction between catechins and catalase. Major forces of interaction are suggested to be through hydrogen bonding along with electrostatic contributions and conformational changes. Distinct loss of α-helical structure of catalase by interaction with EGCG was captured in circular dichroism (CD) spectra. Gallated catechins demonstrated higher binding constants and inhibition efficacy than non-gallated catechins. EGCG exhibited maximum inhibition of pure catalase. It also inhibited cellular catalase in K562 cancer cells with significant increase in cellular ROS and suppression of cell viability (IC50 54.5 µM). These results decipher the molecular mechanism by which tea catechins interact with catalase and highlight the potential of gallated catechin like EGCG as an anticancer drug. EGCG may have other non-specific targets in the cell, but its anticancer property is mainly defined by ROS accumulation due to catalase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Pal
- Department of Biotechnology, West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chabita Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Shin HA, Shin YS, Kang SU, Kim JH, Oh YT, Park KH, Lee BH, Kim CH. Radioprotective effect of epicatechin in cultured human fibroblasts and zebrafish. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2014; 55:32-40. [PMID: 23955052 PMCID: PMC3885118 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrt085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced normal cell damage limits the delivery of high-dose radiation to targeted cancer. This study investigated the effect of epicatechin (EC), a minor component of green tea extracts, on radiation-induced cellular damage in vitro in primary cultured human fibroblasts and in vivo in a zebrafish model. Cell viability, proliferation and wound-healing efficacy, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as well as changes in the signaling pathway related to apoptosis were investigated in fibroblasts. The therapeutic effects of EC were explored in a zebrafish model. EC increased clonogenic survival and restored the migration ability of the fibroblasts after irradiation. EC inhibited radiation-induced ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. EC significantly reduced the expression of p-JNK, p-38, and cleaved caspase-3 compared with their significant increase after radiation treatment. EC attenuated the radiation-induced embryotoxicity in a zebrafish model. These results suggest that EC represents an effective means of reducing cellular damage and facilitating wound healing after radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang Ae Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, 100 Ilsan Street, Ilsandong-Gu, Goyang, 410-719, Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164 Worldcup Street, Wonchon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 442–749, Korea
| | - Sung Un Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164 Worldcup Street, Wonchon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 442–749, Korea
| | - Jang Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164 Worldcup Street, Wonchon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 442–749, Korea
| | - Young-Taek Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164 Worldcup Street, Wonchon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 442–749, Korea
| | - Keun Hyung Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164 Worldcup Street, Wonchon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 442–749, Korea
| | - Bum Hei Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164 Worldcup Street, Wonchon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 442–749, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164 Worldcup Street, Wonchon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 442–749, Korea
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Adiani V, Gupta S, Chatterjee S, Variyar PS, Sharma A. Activity guided characterization of antioxidant components from essential oil of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans). Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Pal S, Saha C, Dey SK. Studies on black tea (Camellia sinensis) extract as a potential antioxidant and a probable radioprotector. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2013; 52:269-278. [PMID: 23519756 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-013-0463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Positive health effects of tea (Camellia sinensis) on a wide range of physiological problems and diseases are well known and are in part due to its copious antioxidant content. The effect of black tea extract (BTE), which is rich in polyphenolic antioxidants, against the consequences of radiation exposure has not been properly identified. The functional properties of BTE were analyzed and its radioprotective effect on V79 cells was explored in the present study. BTE scavenged free radicals and inhibited Fenton reaction-mediated 2-deoxyribose degradation and lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent fashion, establishing its antioxidant properties. The radioprotective effects of BTE on strand break induction in pBR322 plasmid DNA were 100 % at 80 μg/ml and higher. In V79 cells, BTE was effective in decreasing the frequency of radiation-induced micronucleated cells and the yields of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and also in restoring the integrity of cellular mitochondrial membrane potential significantly. BTE exerted maximum protection against radiation-induced damage in V79 at a dose of 5 μg/ml. Due to the functional properties of BTE-flavonoids, which have been identified by HPLC, it is envisaged that the key player in radioprotection is elimination of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Pal
- School of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences, West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Velho-Pereira R, Kumar A, Pandey BN, Mishra KP, Jagtap AG. Radioprotection by Macerated Extract of Nigella sativa in Normal Tissues of Fibrosarcoma Bearing Mice. Indian J Pharm Sci 2012; 74:403-14. [PMID: 23716868 PMCID: PMC3660866 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.108415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was undertaken to study the effect of a macerated extract of Nigella sativa seeds in normal as well as in tumour bearing mice against gamma radiation-induced cellular damage to normal tissues. This was done to mimic the clinical setting where in, normal tissues of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy are exposed to the deleterious effects of radiation. The protection of cellular DNA was analysed in peripheral blood leucocytes of whole body irradiated mice following pretreatment with macerated extract of Nigella sativa seeds (100 mg/kg), using alkaline comet assay, and also estimating biochemical and blood parameters such as levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein oxidation in organs such as spleen, liver, brain and intestine haemoglobin and total leucocyte count, respectively. The results showed that the macerated extract of Nigella sativa seeds protected the liver, spleen, brain and intestines both in normal as well as tumour bearing mice. This study concludes that macerated extract of Nigella sativa seeds has protective effects against radiation-induced damage and biochemical alterations which could be attributed to the ability to scavenge free radicals and its antioxidant properties. Hence macerated extract of Nigella sativa seeds, could be used in combination with radiation to protect against oxidative stress in normal tissues and improving the quality of life of cancer patients by mitigating unwanted side effects of radiation in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reelma Velho-Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Mumbai University, Mumbai-400 098, India
| | - A. Kumar
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, India
| | - B. N. Pandey
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, India
| | - K. P. Mishra
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, India
| | - Aarti G. Jagtap
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Mumbai University, Mumbai-400 098, India
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Pal S, Saha C, Hossain M, Dey SK, Kumar GS. Influence of galloyl moiety in interaction of epicatechin with bovine serum albumin: a spectroscopic and thermodynamic characterization. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43321. [PMID: 22916242 PMCID: PMC3423357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits stemming from green tea are well known, but the exact mechanism of its biological activity is not elucidated. Epicatechin (EC) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) are two dietary catechins ubiquitously present in green tea. Serum albumins functionally carry these catechins through the circulatory system and eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced injury. In the present study ECG is observed to have higher antioxidant activity; which is attributed to the presence of galloyl moiety. The binding affinity of these catechins to bovine serum albumin (BSA) will govern the efficacy of their biological activity. EC and ECG bind with BSA with binding constants 1.0 × 10(6) M(-1) and 6.6 × 10(7) M(-1), respectively. Changes in secondary structure of BSA on interaction with EC and ECG have been identified by circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Thermodynamic characterization reveals the binding process to be exothermic, spontaneous and entropy driven. Mixed binding forces (hydrophobic, electrostatic and hydrogen bonding) exist between ECG and BSA. Binding site for EC is primarily site-II in sub-domain IIIA of BSA and for ECG; it is site-I in sub-domain IIA. ECG with its high antioxidant activity accompanied by high affinity for BSA could be a model in drug designing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Pal
- School of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences, West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata, India
| | - Chabita Saha
- School of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences, West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata, India
| | - Maidul Hossain
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, CSIR – Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Dey
- School of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences, West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata, India
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, CSIR – Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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15
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Sinha M, Das DK, Manna K, Datta S, Ray T, Sil AK, Dey S. Epicatechin ameliorates ionising radiation-induced oxidative stress in mouse liver. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:842-9. [PMID: 22497453 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.684245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The current study was intended to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Epicatechin (EC) against radiation-induced oxidative stress, in terms of inflammation and lipid peroxidation. Swiss albino mice were administered with EC (15 mg/kg body weight) for three consecutive days before exposing them to a single dose of 5-Gy (60)Co gamma (γ) irradiation. Mice were necropsied and livers were taken for immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and biochemical tests for the detection of markers of hepatic oxidative stress. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and lipid peroxidation were increased whereas the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) content and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were diminished upon radiation exposure compared to control. Translocation of NF-κB from cytoplasm to nucleus and lipid peroxidation were found to be inhibited whereas an increase in SOD, CAT, GSH and FRAP was observed in the mice treated with EC prior to irradiation. Thus, pre-treatment with EC offers protection against γ-radiation induced hepatic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahuya Sinha
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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16
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D'Agostino EM, Rossetti D, Atkins D, Ferdinando D, Yakubov GE. Interaction of tea polyphenols and food constituents with model gut epithelia: the protective role of the mucus gel layer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:3318-3328. [PMID: 22364573 DOI: 10.1021/jf205111k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The luminal surface of the gastrointestinal tract is covered by a mucus gel layer that acts to protect gut epithelial cells from the harsh luminal environment. This study investigated the use of two human colonic adenocarcinoma cell lines, HT29-MTX-E12 and HT29, as a model to mimic gut epithelium with and without a mucus gel layer. The effect of adding the tea polyphenols epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin (EC) to the cells with subsequent examination of cell morphology and viability was assessed. EGCG, at the concentrations tested, was very toxic to the HT29 cells, but less toxic to the HT29-MTX-E12 cells, suggesting that the mucus gel layer on the HT29-MTX-E12 cells can protect the cells against EGCG toxicity. In contrast, EC had no effect on the viability of either the HT29 or HT29-MTX-E12 cells, suggesting that proteins within the mucus gel layer on the apical surface of gut epithelial cells may bind to the galloyl ring of EGCG. The effect of adding food-related ingredients with the ability to complex with EGCG, β-casein and maltodextrin, on cell viability was also examined. The presence of β-casein was very effective in protecting the cells against the toxicity effect of EGCG, but maltodextrin, at the concentration tested, was less effective in protecting against this toxicity. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the mucus gel layer on HT29 human colonic adenocarcinoma cells may protect these cells against EGCG toxicity. In addition, the data showing reduced toxicity of EC compared to that of EGCG suggest that the cytotoxic effects of high polyphenol levels may be associated with the ability of polyphenols to interact with cellular proteins and mucins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M D'Agostino
- Unilever Discover, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Beds. MK441LQ, United Kingdom. Eleanor.D’
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17
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Radioprotection by α-asarone: Prevention of genotoxicity and hematopoietic injury in mammalian organism. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 722:62-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Rocha S, Generalov R, Pereira MDC, Peres I, Juzenas P, Coelho MAN. Epigallocatechin gallate-loaded polysaccharide nanoparticles for prostate cancer chemoprevention. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:79-87. [PMID: 21182420 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Polysaccharide nanoparticles were studied as drug delivery vehicles for chemopreventive agents. MATERIALS & METHODS Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was incorporated into a carbohydrate matrix of gum arabic and maltodextrin with an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 85%. RESULTS Encapsulated EGCG retained its biological activity, reducing the cell viability and inducing apoptosis of Du145 prostate cancer cells. Clonogenic assay demonstrated that encapsulation of EGCG enhanced its inhibitory effect on cell proliferation (10-20%) at lower concentrations (1-2 µM), compared with free EGCG. CONCLUSION This study highlights the use of polysaccharide nanoparticles in chemoprevention as they can be used to deliver natural antioxidants capable of inhibiting steps of the tumorigenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rocha
- Laboratory for Process, Environmental & Energy Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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19
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Papież M, Baran J, Bukowska-Straková K, Wiczkowski W. Antileukemic action of (−)-epicatechin in the spleen of rats with acute myeloid leukemia. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:3391-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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20
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Ramachandran L, Krishnan CV, Nair CKK. Radioprotection by α-Lipoic Acid Palladium Complex Formulation (POLY-MVA) in Mice. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2010; 25:395-9. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2009.0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chirakkal V. Krishnan
- Garnett McKeen Laboratory Inc., Bohemia, New York
- Department of Chemistry, University at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York
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21
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Joy J, Nair CKK. Protection of DNA and membranes from gamma-radiation induced damages by Centella asiatica. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.07.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The objective of the present study was to examine the ability of Centella asiatica extract to offer protection to DNA and membranes against the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation exposure.
Methods
Protection of DNA under in-vitro conditions of irradiation was estimated using plasmid relaxation assay. For in-vivo studies the extract was administered orally to mice exposed to whole-body γ-radiation. The ability of the extract to offer protection against whole-body γ-radiation exposure was analysed by performing an alkaline comet assay on mouse bone marrow cells. The extent of lipid peroxidation was estimated using the TBARS (thio-barbituric acid reacting substances) method, in order to monitor membrane damage. Radiation-induced mortality of the animals following a lethal dose of γ-radiation was also examined.
Key findings
Centella asiatica extract significantly reduced radiation-induced damage to DNA. The extent of radiation-induced mortality and lipid peroxidation was also found to be considerably reduced in animals administered with the extract.
Conclusions
Centella asiatica rendered radioprotection to DNA and membranes against radiation exposure, both in vitro and in vivo. We have earlier reported that administration of the extract can prevent a radiation-induced decline in antioxidant enzyme levels. This suggests that radioprotection by Centella asiatica extract could be mediated by mechanisms that act in a synergistic manner, especially involving antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisha Joy
- Amala Cancer Research Centre, Kerala, India
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22
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Effect of dark chocolate on plasma epicatechin levels, DNA resistance to oxidative stress and total antioxidant activity in healthy subjects. Br J Nutr 2009; 103:1008-14. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509992698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dark chocolate (DC) may be cardioprotective by antioxidant properties of flavonoids. We investigated the effect of DC (860 mg polyphenols, of which 58 mg epicatechin) compared with white chocolate (WC; 5 mg polyphenols, undetectable epicatechin) on plasma epicatechin levels, mononuclear blood cells (MNBC) DNA damage and plasma total antioxidant activity (TAA). Twenty healthy subjects followed a balanced diet (55 % of energy from carbohydrates, 30 % from fat and 1 g protein/kg body weight) for 4 weeks. Since the 14th day until the 27th day, they introduced daily 45 g of either WC (n 10) or DC (n 10). Whole experimental period was standardised in antioxidant intake. Blood samples were collected at T0, after 2 weeks (T14), 2 h and 22 h after the first chocolate intake (T14+2 h and T14+22 h), and at 27th day, before chocolate intake (T27), 2 h and 22 h after (T27+2 h and T27+22 h). Samples, except for T14+2 h and T27+2 h, were fasting collected. Detectable epicatechin levels were observed exclusively 2 h after DC intake (T14+2 h = 0·362 (se 0·052) μmol/l and T27+2 h = 0·369 (se 0·041) μmol/l); at the same times corresponded lower MNBC DNA damages (T14+2 h = − 19·4 (se 3·4) % v. T14, P < 0·05; T27+2 h = − 24 (se 7·4) % v. T27, P < 0·05; T14+2 hv. T27+2 h, P = 0·7). Both effects were no longer evident after 22 h. No effect was observed on TAA. WC did not affect any variable. DC may transiently improve DNA resistance to oxidative stress, probably for flavonoid kinetics.
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23
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Juzenas P, Chen W, Sun YP, Coelho MAN, Generalov R, Generalova N, Christensen IL. Quantum dots and nanoparticles for photodynamic and radiation therapies of cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:1600-14. [PMID: 18840487 PMCID: PMC2695009 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots and nanoparticles composed of metals, lipids or polymers have emerged with promising applications for early detection and therapy of cancer. Quantum dots with unique optical properties are commonly composed of cadmium contained semiconductors. Cadmium is potentially hazardous, and toxicity of such quantum dots to living cells, and humans, is not yet systematically investigated. Therefore, search for less toxic materials with similar targeting and optical properties is of further interest. Whereas, the investigation of luminescence nanoparticles as light sources for cancer therapy is very interesting. Despite advances in neurosurgery and radiotherapy the prognosis for patients with malignant gliomas has changed little for the last decades. Cancer treatment requires high accuracy in delivering ionizing radiation to reduce toxicity to surrounding tissues. Recently some research has been focused in developing photosensitizing quantum dots for production of radicals upon absorption of visible light. In spite of the fact that visible light is safe, this approach is suitable to treat only superficial tumours. Ionizing radiation (X-rays and gamma rays) penetrate much deeper thus offering a big advantage in treating patients with tumours in internal organs. Such concept of using quantum dots and nanoparticles to yield electrons and radicals in photodynamic and radiation therapies as well their combination is reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petras Juzenas
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway.
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