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Guedes Pinto T, da Silva GN, Renno ACM, Salvadori DMF, Ribeiro DA. The impact of genetic polymorphisms on genotoxicity in workers occupationally exposed to pesticides: a systematic review. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:237-244. [PMID: 37982319 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2280806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
In a world with a rising use of pesticides, these chemicals, although designed to effectively control pests, pose potential threats to the environment and non-target organisms, including humans. Thus, this systematic review aims to investigate a possible association between genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility and genotoxicity in individuals occupationally exposed to pesticides. This review was conducted following the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. A total of 14 carefully selected studies were thoroughly analyzed by two reviewers, who assigned scores based on previously set evaluation criteria. This study classified over half of the chosen studies as having moderate or strong quality, observing a correlation between certain genetic polymorphisms involved in xenobiotic metabolism and genotoxicity in workers exposed to pesticides. Results suggest that the genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism play a substantial role in determining individuals' susceptibility to genomic damage due to pesticide exposure, affecting both their peripheral blood and oral mucosa. This implies that individuals with specific genotypes may experience increased or decreased levels of DNA damage when exposed to these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Guedes Pinto
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, Brazil
| | - Glenda Nicioli da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, UFOP, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Muniz Renno
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, Brazil
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Silva MAP, Figueiredo DBS, de Carvalho LR, Braz LG, Braz MG. Modulation of gene expression and influence of gene polymorphisms related to genotoxicity and redox status on occupational exposure to inhaled anesthetics. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 256:114307. [PMID: 38065035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of inhalational anesthetics contributes to both indoor and outdoor (environmental) pollution. The influence of genetic susceptibility on DNA damage and oxidative stress and the possible modulation of gene expression have not yet been investigated upon occupational exposure to waste anesthetic gases (WAGs). This study assessed 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene expression, which are related to oxidized DNA repair and antioxidant capacity, respectively, and the influence of their polymorphisms (OGG1 rs1052133 and SOD2 rs4880) in 100 professionals highly exposed to WAGs and 93 unexposed volunteers (control group). Additionally, X-ray repair cross complementing 1 (XRCC1 rs25487 and rs1799782) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM rs600931) gene polymorphisms as well as genetic instability (micronucleus-MN and nuclear bud-NBUD) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde-MDA and ferric reducing antioxidant power-FRAP) biomarkers were assessed in the groups (control and exposed) and in the subgroups of the exposed group according to job occupation (anesthesiologists versus surgeons/technicians). Except for the ATM TT controls (associated with increased FRAP), there were no influences of OGG1, XRCC1, ATM, and SOD2 polymorphisms on MN, NBUD, MDA, and FRAP values in exposed or control subjects. No significant difference in the expression of either gene evaluated (OGG1 and SOD2) was found between the exposed and control groups. Increased OGG1 expression was observed among OGG1 -/Cys individuals only in the control group. Among the exposed group, anesthesiologists had a greater duration of WAG exposure (both h/week and years) than surgeons/technicians, which was associated with increased MDA and decreased antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and SOD2 expression (redox status). Higher expression of OGG1 was found in -/Cys surgeons/technicians than in anesthesiologists with the same genotype. Increased antioxidant capacity was noted in the surgeons/technicians carrying the ATM T allele and in those carrying XRCC1 -/Gln. Increased MN was influenced by OGG1 -/Cys in surgeons/technicians. Anesthesiologists with ATM CC exhibited increased MN, and those carrying the C allele (CC/CT genotype) exhibited increased NBUD. SOD2 polymorphism did not seem to be relevant for WAG exposure. These findings contribute to advancing the knowledge on genetic susceptibility/gene expression/genetic instability/oxidative stress, including differences in job occupation considering the workload, in response to occupational exposure to WAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane A P Silva
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Drielle B S Figueiredo
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lídia R de Carvalho
- Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Leandro G Braz
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Mariana G Braz
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.
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Kahl VFS, da Silva J. Inorganic elements in occupational settings: A review on the effects on telomere length and biology. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2021; 872:503418. [PMID: 34798938 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have shown that telomere crisis is highly affected by external factors. Effects of human exposure to xenobiotics on telomere length (TL), particularly in their workplace, have been largely studied. TL has been shown to be an efficient biomarker in occupational risk assessment. This is the first review focusing on studies about the effects on TL from occupational exposures to metals (lead [Pb] and mixtures), and particulate matter (PM) related to inorganic elements. Data from 15 studies were evaluated regarding occupational exposure to metals and PM-associated inorganic elements and impact on TL. Potential complementary analyses and subjects' background (age, length of employment and gender) were also assessed. There was limited information on the correlations between work length and TL dynamics, and that was also true for the correlation between age and TL. Results indicated that TL is affected differently across the types of occupational exposure investigated in this review, and even within the same exposure, a variety of effects can be observed. Fifty-three percent of the studies observed decreased TL in occupational exposure among welding fumes, open-cast coal mine, Pb and PM industries workers. Two studies focused particularly on the levels of metals and association with TL, and both linear and non-linear associations were found. Interestingly, TL modifications were accompanied by increase in DNA damage in 7 out of 8 studies that investigated it, measured either by Cytokinesis-block Micronucleus Assay or Comet assay. Five studies also investigated oxidative stress parameters, and 4 of them found increased levels of oxidative damage along with TL impairment. Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms by which telomeres are affected due to their high guanine content. Our review highlights the need of further studies accessing TL in simultaneous occupational exposure to mixtures of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian F Silva Kahl
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia; Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Post Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Av Farroupilha 8001, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, 92425-900, Brazil; LaSalle University (UniLaSalle), Av Victor Barreto 2288, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, 92010-000, Brazil.
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Kapeleka JA, Sauli E, Ndakidemi PA. Pesticide exposure and genotoxic effects as measured by DNA damage and human monitoring biomarkers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:805-822. [PMID: 31736325 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1690132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Occupational pesticides exposure rises health concern due to genotoxicity and accumulation of pesticides in human biological matrices. Continuous and sublethal exposure to pesticides had been associated with oxidative stress, mutagenic and cell death. Exposure to pesticides exhibits increased level of DNA damage even if no detectable amounts of pesticides are seen in biological matrices by binding specific areas in the DNA. This interferes normal body systems and mutation in gene encoding specific activities which may lead to a wide range of cancer. Presence of pesticides compounds in human biological matrices had been evident from various studies. However, detection methods are complex and inconsistent, making it difficult to compare and generalize findings. This article provides insight into genotoxic effects, presence of pesticides and their metabolites in human biological matrices and the resultant health effects as measured by DNA damage, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity inhibition and other biomarkers of pesticides exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jones A Kapeleka
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
- Tropical Pesticides Research Institute (TPRI)
| | - Elingarami Sauli
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Patrick A Ndakidemi
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
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Dalberto D, Nicolau CC, Rosa De Sousa M, Garcia ALH, Boaretto F, Picada JN, De Souza GMS, Chytry P, Dias JF, Feistel CC, Ferraz ABF, Grivicich I, Da Silva J. Genotoxic effect induced by dried nicotiana tabacum leaves from tobacco barns (kiln-houses) in chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (V79). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:689-701. [PMID: 34034641 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1930619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nicotiana tabacum is the most cultivated tobacco species in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Workers who handle the plant are exposed to the leaf components during the harvesting process and when separating and classifying the dried leaves. In addition to nicotine, after the drying process, other components may be found including tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as pesticides residues. The objective of this study was to examine the genotoxicity attributed to the aqueous extract of dried tobacco leaves obtained from tobacco barns using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (V79) as a model system by employing alkaline comet assay, micronucleus (MN) and Ames test. MTT assay was used to assess cytotoxicity and establish concentrations for this study. Data demonstrated cell viability > 85% for concentrations of 0.625-5 mg/ml while the comet assay indicated a significant increase in DNA damage at all concentrations tested. A significant elevation of MN and nuclear buds (NBUD) was found for 5 mg/ml compared to control and other dry tobacco leaves concentrations (0.625-2.5 mg/ml). Mutagenicity was not found using the Salmonella/Microsome test (TA98, TA100, and TA102 strains) with and without metabolic activation. The concentration of inorganic elements was determined employing the PIXE technique, and 13 inorganic elements were detected. Using CG/MS nicotine amounts present were 1.56 mg/g dry tobacco leaf powder. Due to the observed genotoxicity in V79 cells, more investigations are needed to protect the health of tobacco workers exposed daily to this complex mixture of toxic substances present in dry tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Dalberto
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cardoso Nicolau
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa Rosa De Sousa
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Letícia Hilário Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Boaretto
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Paola Chytry
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Costa Feistel
- Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Laboratory. Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Barros Falcão Ferraz
- Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Laboratory. Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology. Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Kaur K, Kaur R. Impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the OGG1 and XRCC1 genes on modulation of DNA damage in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers in Punjab, North-West India. Biomarkers 2020; 25:498-505. [PMID: 32643432 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1794040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide-induced DNA damage is primarily repaired by base excision repair (BER) pathway. However, polymorphism in DNA repair genes may modulate individual's DNA repair capacity (DRC) leading to increased genotoxicity and adverse health effects. Our first study in North-West Indian population aimed to evaluate the impact of OGG1 rs1052133 (Ser326Cys; C1245G), XRCC1 rs1799782 (Arg194Trp; C26304T) and XRCC1 rs25487 (Arg399Gln; G28152A) polymorphisms on the modulation of pesticide-induced DNA damage in a total of 450 subjects (225 pesticide-exposed agricultural workers and 225 age- and sex-matched controls). DNA damage was estimated by alkaline comet assay using silver-staining method. Genotyping was carried out by PCR-RFLP using site-specific restriction enzymes. Mann-Whitney U-test revealed elevation in DNA damage parameters (p < 0.01) in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers than controls. Chi-square test showed significant (p < 0.05) differences in the XRCC1 Arg194Trp (C26304T) and Arg399Gln (G28152A) genotypes among two groups. Multivariate logistic-regression analysis revealed that heterozygous genotypes of OGG1 rs1052133 (326Ser/Cys; 1245CA), XRCC1 rs1799782 (194Arg/Trp; 26304CT) and XRCC1 rs25487 (399Arg/Gln; 2815GA) were positively associated (p < 0.05) with elevated DNA damage parameters in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers. Our results strongly indicate significant positive association of variant OGG1 and XRCC1 genotypes with reduced DRC and higher pesticide-induced DNA damage in North-West Indian agricultural workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karashdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Punjab, India.,Department of Medical Lab Sciences, Gulzar Group of Institutes, Punjab, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Punjab, India
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Genetic polymorphisms as determinants of pesticide toxicity: Recent advances. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:564-570. [PMID: 31293901 PMCID: PMC6595235 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms may influence pesticides-induced oxidative damage.Pesticides modulate immune-system cells functionality, leading to the onset of a dangerous pro-inflammatory microenvironment. DNA repair genes, Cytochrome P450 s, PON and GST genes have a key role in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Many workers are professionally exposed to pesticides with potential health consequences.
Occupational and environmental exposure to pesticides may induce harmful effects on human health by promoting the development of a wide range of disorders. Some of the most recently hypothesized mechanisms are oxidative stress and epigenetic modifications, however biological effects seem to be modulated mainly by the occurrence of genetic polymorphisms. The susceptibility to exposure can be evaluated by studying the most common polymorphisms of genes involved in the metabolism of organophosphorus compounds (cytochrome P450, glutathione transferase, acetyltransferases or paraoxonase 1). The aim of this article is to review recent literature data concerning the influence of genetic polymorphisms on pesticides-induced oxidative damage.
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Kahl VFS, da Silva FR, Alves JDS, da Silva GF, Picinini J, Dhillon VS, Fenech M, de Souza MR, Dias JF, de Souza CT, Salvador M, Branco CDS, Thiesen FV, Simon D, da Silva J. Role of PON1, SOD2, OGG1, XRCC1, and XRCC4 polymorphisms on modulation of DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to pesticides. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 159:164-171. [PMID: 29747151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco farming has been proving to induce poor health outcomes in agricultural workers, genomic instability being the triggering one. This study evaluated influence of PON1 (paraoxonase 1), SOD2 (superoxide dismutase), OGG1 (8-oxoguanine glycosylase), XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1), and XRCC4 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4) genes polymorphisms on DNA damage in 121 subjects occupationally exposed to pesticides mixtures and nicotine at tobacco fields and 121 non-exposed individuals. Inorganic elements (Cl, P, S and Zn) and cotinine levels were found increased in farmers, confirming exposure. Results show higher frequencies of buccal micronucleus (MN), nuclear buds (NBUD), binucleated cells (BN) and damage index (comet assay), reduced telomere length (TL), and increased parameters of oxidative stress in farmers compared to non-exposed individuals. PON1 Gln/Gln genotype was associated with increased MN frequency. SOD2 Val/Val showed association with increased frequency of MN and NBUD and decreased antioxidant activity. The XRCC1 Arg/Arg showed protective effect for MN, BN and TL, which was also positively influenced by OGG1 -/Cys. MN was decreased in XRCC4 -/Ile farmers. These genotypes also showed a risk for antioxidant activity. Our study proposes that PON1 and SOD2 variants play a role in xenobiotic-metabolizing system in farmers, while base excision repair (BER) pathway could be the repair mechanism involved in genomic instability suffered by tobacco farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian F Silva Kahl
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jodel da Silva Alves
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabrieli Flesch da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Picinini
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Varinderpal Singh Dhillon
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Melissa Rosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny F Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Physics Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudia Telles de Souza
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Physics Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Valadão Thiesen
- Toxicology Institute, Catholic Pontifice University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Simon
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
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