1
|
Liu X, Zhang X, Feng R, Ren X, Wu D, Liu X, Liu L, Wei Q. Microfluidic Immunosensor Platform for Sensitive Detection of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 Based on Enhanced Cathode Electrochemiluminescence of Bimetallic Nanoclusters. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8390-8398. [PMID: 38716680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a microfluidic immunosensor chip was developed by incorporating microfluidic technology with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) for sensitive detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). The immunosensor chip can achieve robust reproducibility in mass production by integrating multiple detection units in a series. Notably, nanoscale materials can be better adapted to microfluidic systems, greatly enhancing the accuracy of the immunosensor chip. Ag@Au NCs closed by glutathione (GSH) were introduced in the ECL microfluidic immunosensor system with excellent and stable ECL performance. The synthesized CeO2-Au was applied as a coreaction promoter in the ECL signal amplification system, which made the result of HER2 detection more reliable. In addition, the designed microfluidic immunosensor chip integrated the biosensing system into a microchip, realizing rapid and accurate detection of HER2 by its high throughput and low usage. The developed short peptide ligand NARKFKG (NRK) achieved an effective connection between the antibody and nanocarrier for improving the detection efficiency of the sensor. The immunosensor chip had better storage stability and sensitivity than traditional detection methods, with a wide detection range from 10 fg·mL-1 to 100 ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 3.29 fg·mL-1. In general, a microfluidic immunosensor platform was successfully constructed, providing a new idea for breast cancer (BC) clinical detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Rui Feng
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Calabria D, Lazzarini E, Pace A, Trozzi I, Zangheri M, Cinti S, Difonzo M, Valenti G, Guardigli M, Paolucci F, Mirasoli M. Smartphone-based 3D-printed electrochemiluminescence enzyme biosensor for reagentless glucose quantification in real matrices. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 227:115146. [PMID: 36821991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printed electrochemical devices are increasingly used in point-of-need and point-of-care testing. They show several advantages such as simple fabrication, low cost, fast response, and excellent selectivity and sensitivity in small sample volumes. However, there are only a few examples of analytical devices combining 3D-printed electrodes with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection, an electrochemical detection principle widely employed in clinical chemistry analysis. Herein, a portable, 3D-printed miniaturized ECL biosensor for glucose detection has been developed, based on the luminol/H2O2 ECL system and employing a two-electrode configuration with carbon black-doped polylactic acid (PLA) electrodes. The ECL emission is obtained by means of a 1.5V AA alkaline battery and detected using a smartphone camera, thus providing easy portability of the analytical platform. The ECL system was successfully applied for sensing H2O2 and, upon coupling the luminol/H2O2 system with the enzyme glucose oxidase, for glucose detection. The incorporation of luminol and glucose oxidase in an agarose hydrogel matrix allowed to produce ECL devices preloaded with the reagents required for the assay, so that the analysis only required sample addition. The ECL biosensor showed an excellent ability to detect glucose up to 5 mmol L-1, with a limit of detection of 60 μmol L-1. The biosensor was also used to analyse real samples (i.e., glucose saline solutions and artificial serum samples) with satisfactory results, thus suggesting its suitability for point-of-care analysis. Coupling with other oxidases could further extend the applicability of this analytical platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donato Calabria
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121, Forlì, Italy
| | - Elisa Lazzarini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Trozzi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Zangheri
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research (CIRI AGRO), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, I-47521, Cesena, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Advanced Mechanical Engineering Applications and Materials Technology (CIRI MAM), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, I-40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, I-80131, Naples, Italy; BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli "Federico II", 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Marinella Difonzo
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121, Forlì, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121, Forlì, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chiu HK, Kartanas T, Saar KL, Luxhøj CM, Devenish S, Knowles TPJ. Rapid highly sensitive general protein quantification through on-chip chemiluminescence. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:024113. [PMID: 33981380 PMCID: PMC8095358 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein detection and quantification is a routinely performed procedure in research laboratories, predominantly executed either by spectroscopy-based measurements, such as NanoDrop, or by colorimetric assays. The detection limits of such assays, however, are limited to μ M concentrations. To establish an approach that achieves general protein detection at an enhanced sensitivity and without necessitating the requirement for signal amplification steps or a multicomponent detection system, here, we established a chemiluminescence-based protein detection assay. Our assay specifically targeted primary amines in proteins, which permitted characterization of any protein sample and, moreover, its latent nature eliminated the requirement for washing steps providing a simple route to implementation. Additionally, the use of a chemiluminescence-based readout ensured that the assay could be operated in an excitation source-free manner, which did not only permit an enhanced sensitivity due to a reduced background signal but also allowed for the use of a very simple optical setup comprising only an objective and a detection element. Using this assay, we demonstrated quantitative protein detection over a concentration range of five orders of magnitude and down to a high sensitivity of 10 pg mL - 1 , corresponding to pM concentrations. The capability of the platform presented here to achieve a high detection sensitivity without the requirement for a multistep operation or a multicomponent optical system sets the basis for a simple yet universal and sensitive protein detection strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Kei Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Tadas Kartanas
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Kadi L. Saar
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Carina Mouritsen Luxhøj
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Sean Devenish
- Fluidic Analytics Ltd., Unit A The Paddocks
Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United
Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al Lawati HAJ. Flow-based analysis using microfluidics-chemiluminescence systems. LUMINESCENCE 2012; 28:618-27. [PMID: 22941964 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This review will discuss various approaches and techniques in which analysis using microfluidics-chemiluminescence systems (MF-CL) has been reported. A variety of applications is examined, including environmental, pharmaceutical, biological, food and herbal analysis. Reported uses of CL reagents, sample introduction techniques, sample pretreatment methods, CL signal enhancement and detection systems are discussed. A hydrodynamic pumping system is predominately used for these applications. However, several reports are available in which electro-osmotic (EO) pumping has been implemented. Various sample pretreatment methods have been used, including liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction and molecularly imprinted polymers. A wide range of innovative techniques has been reported for CL signal enhancement. Most of these techniques are based on enhancement of the mixing process in the microfluidics channels, which leads to enhancement of the CL signal. However, other techniques are also reported, such as mirror reaction, liquid core waveguide, on-line pre-derivatization and the use of an opaque white chip with a thin transparent seal. Photodetectors are the most commonly used detectors; however, other detection systems have also been used, including integrated electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and organic photodiodes (OPDs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haider A J Al Lawati
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Box 36, Al-Khod, 123, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Developments and Applications of Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Sensors Based on Micro- and Nanomaterials. SENSORS 2008; 8:5942-5960. [PMID: 27873850 PMCID: PMC3705540 DOI: 10.3390/s8095942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A variety of recent developments and applications of electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) for sensors are described. While tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)-ruthenium(II) and luminol have dominated and continue to pervade the field of ECL-based sensors, recent work has focused on use of these lumophores with micro- and nanomaterials. It has also extended to inherently luminescent nanomaterials, such as quantum dots. Sensor configurations including microelectrode arrays and microfluidics are reviewed and, with the recent trend toward increased use of nanomaterials, special attention has been given to sensors which include thin films, nanoparticles and nanotubes. Applications of ECL labels and examples of label-free sensing that incorporate nanomaterials are also discussed.
Collapse
|