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Guimarães B, Gomes SIL, Campodoni E, Sandri M, Sprio S, Blosi M, Costa AL, Amorim MJB, Scott-Fordsmand JJ. Environmental Hazards of Nanobiomaterials (Hydroxyapatite-Based NMs)-A Case Study with Folsomia candida-Effects from Long Term Exposure. TOXICS 2022; 10:704. [PMID: 36422912 PMCID: PMC9693573 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a calcium phosphate used in many fields, including biomedical applications. In particular, ion-doped HA nanomaterials (nHA) are developed for their increased bioactivity, particularly in the fields of regenerative medicine and nanomedicine. In this study, we assessed the ecotoxicological impact of five nHA materials: a synthesized calcium hydroxyapatite (CaP-HA), superparamagnetic iron-doped hydroxyapatite (Fe-HA), titanium-doped hydroxyapatite (Ti-HA), alginate/titanium-doped hydroxyapatite hybrid composite (Ti-HA-Alg), and a commercial HA. The soil ecotoxicology model species Folsomia candida (Collembola) was used, and besides the standard reproduction test (28 days), an extension to the standard for one more generation was performed (56 days). Assessed endpoints included the standard survival and reproduction, and additionally, growth. Exposure via the standard (28 days) did not cause toxicity, but reproduction increased in commercial HA (significantly at 320 mg HA/kg) whereas via the extension (56 days) it decreased in all tested concentrations. Juveniles' size (56 days) was reduced in all tested nHA materials, except commercial HA. nHA materials seem to trigger a compromise between reproduction and growth. Long-term effects could not be predicted based on the standard shorter exposure; hence, the testing of at least two generations (56 days) is recommended to assess the toxicity of nanomaterials, particularly in F. candida. Further, we found that the inclusion of size as additional endpoint is highly relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Guimarães
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana I. L. Gomes
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elisabetta Campodoni
- National Research Council, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, 48018 Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Monica Sandri
- National Research Council, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, 48018 Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Simone Sprio
- National Research Council, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, 48018 Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Magda Blosi
- National Research Council, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, 48018 Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Anna L. Costa
- National Research Council, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, 48018 Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Mónica J. B. Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Yenying A, Tangamatakul K, Supanchart C, Jenvoraphot T, Manokruang K, Worajittiphon P, Punyodom W, Daranarong D. Preparation and Characterization of PLG Microparticles by the Multiple Emulsion Method for the Sustained Release of Proteins. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1761. [PMID: 36296114 PMCID: PMC9607503 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid release and diminished stability are two of the limitations associated with the growth factors that are essentially used in dental applications. These growth factors are employed to enhance the quality and quantity of tissue or bone matter during regeneration. Therefore, drug delivery devices and systems have been developed to address these limitations. In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA), as a representative growth factor, was successfully sustained by encapsulation with the medium-absorbable copolymer, poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) 70:30% mol, via the multiple emulsion method. Different PLG, PVA, and BSA concentrations were used to investigate their effects on the BSA encapsulation efficiency. The suitable ratios leading to a better characterization of microparticles and a higher encapsulation efficiency in producing encapsulated PLG microparticles were 8% (w/v) of PLG, 0.25% (w/v) of PVA, and 8% (w/v) of BSA. Furthermore, an in vitro release study revealed a bursting release of BSA from the encapsulated PLG microsphere in the early phase of development. Subsequently, a gradual release was observed over a period of eight weeks. Furthermore, to encapsulate LL-37, different proteins were used in conjunction with PLG under identical conditions with regard to the loading efficiency and morphology, thereby indicating high variations and poor reproducibility. In conclusion, the encapsulated PLG microparticles could effectively protect the protein during encapsulation and could facilitate sustainable protein release over a period of 60 days. Importantly, an optimal method must be employed in order to achieve a high degree of encapsulation efficiency for all of the protein or growth factors. Accordingly, the outcomes of this study will be useful in the manufacture of drug delivery devices that require medium-sustained release growth factors, particularly in dental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arphaphat Yenying
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Krissana Tangamatakul
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chayarop Supanchart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thannaphat Jenvoraphot
- Bioplastic Production Laboratory for Medical Application, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kiattikhun Manokruang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Patnarin Worajittiphon
- Bioplastic Production Laboratory for Medical Application, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Winita Punyodom
- Bioplastic Production Laboratory for Medical Application, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Donraporn Daranarong
- Bioplastic Production Laboratory for Medical Application, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Biodegradable Microparticles for Regenerative Medicine: A State of the Art and Trends to Clinical Application. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071314. [PMID: 35406187 PMCID: PMC9003224 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and cell therapy are very attractive in terms of potential applications but remain quite challenging regarding the clinical aspects. Amongst the different strategies proposed to facilitate their implementation in clinical practices, biodegradable microparticles have shown promising outcomes with several advantages and potentialities. This critical review aims to establish a survey of the most relevant materials and processing techniques to prepare these micro vehicles. Special attention will be paid to their main potential applications, considering the regulatory constraints and the relative easiness to implement their production at an industrial level to better evaluate their application in clinical practices.
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Sun Z, Li Y, Zheng SY, Mao S, He X, Wang X, Yang J. Zwitterionic Nanocapsules with Salt- and Thermo-Responsiveness for Controlled Encapsulation and Release. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:47090-47099. [PMID: 34559520 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent polymer nanocapsules that can not only encapsulate substances efficiently but also release them in a controllable manner hold great potential in many applications. To date, although intensive efforts have been made to develop intelligent polymer nanocapsules, how to construct the well-defined core/shell structure with high stability via a straightforward method remains a considerable challenge. In this work, the target novel zwitterionic nanocapsules (ZNCs) with a stable hollow structure were synthesized by inverse reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion interfacial polymerization. The shell gradually grew from the water/oil interface due to the interfacial polymerization, accompanied by the cross-linking of the polyzwitterionic networks, where the core/shell structure could be well-tuned by adjusting the precursor compositions. The resultant ZNCs exhibited a salt-/thermo-induced swelling behavior through the phase transition of the external zwitterionic polymers. To further investigate the functions of ZNCs, different substances, such as methyl orange and bovine serum albumin (BSA), were encapsulated into the ZNCs with a high encapsulation efficiency of 89.3 and 93.6%, respectively. Interestingly, the loaded substances can be controllably released in aqueous solution triggered by salt or temperature variations, and such responsiveness also can be utilized to bounce off the bacteria adhered on target surfaces. We believe that these designed salt- and thermo-responsive intelligent polymer nanocapsules with well-defined core/shell structures and antifouling surfaces should be a promising platform for biomedical and saline related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Si Yu Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shihua Mao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jintao Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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Biedrzycka A, Skwarek E, Hanna UM. Hydroxyapatite with magnetic core: Synthesis methods, properties, adsorption and medical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 291:102401. [PMID: 33773102 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the actual state of knowledge and recent research results on the magnetic composite synthesized from iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3 or Fe3O4) and hydroxyapatite. It can be obtained applying some methods, i.e. chemical precipitation, hydrothermal, sol-gel, and biomimetic or combined techniques which exhibit characteristic properties affecting the form of the prepared product. More specific details are discussed in this paper. A comparison of the discussed synthesis methods is presented. On the basis of selected publications, a comparison of the results of the analysis by XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDX methods for hydroxyapatite with a magnetic core was also presented. Moreover, the characteristics large adsorption capacity and specific area allow employing nanocomposites as adsorbents particularly in removal of toxic metal ions. Nowadays this issue is extremely vital due to large amounts of pollutants in the environment and greater ecological awareness of people. Moreover, magnetic hydroxyapatite can be also applied as a catalyst in various syntheses or oxidation reactions as well as in medicine in magnetic resonance imaging, hyperthermia treatment, drug delivery and release, bone regeneration or cell therapy.
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Ibrahim M, Labaki M, Giraudon JM, Lamonier JF. Hydroxyapatite, a multifunctional material for air, water and soil pollution control: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121139. [PMID: 31520935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), a calcium phosphate biomaterial, is a very promising candidate for the treatment of air, water and soil pollution. Indeed, hydroxyapatite (Hap) can be extremely useful in the field of environmental management, due in one part to its particular structure and attractive properties, such as its great adsorption capacities, its acid-base adjustability, its ion-exchange capability and its good thermal stability. Moreover, Hap is able to constitute a valuable resource recovery route. The first part of this review will be dedicated towards presenting Hap's structure and defining properties that result in its viability as an environmental remediation material. The second will focus on its use as adsorbent for wastewater and soil treatment, while indicating the mechanisms involved in this remediation process. Finally, the last part will impart all findings on Hap's applications in the field of catalysis, whether it be as catalyst, as photocatalyst, or as active phase support. Hence, all of the above will have served in showcasing the benefits gained by employing hydroxyapatite in air, water and soil clean-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ibrahim
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France; Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials LCPM/PR2N, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Madona Labaki
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials LCPM/PR2N, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Giraudon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-François Lamonier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Study of bone repair mediated by recombination BMP-2/ recombination CXC chemokine Ligand-13-loaded hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres/chitosan composite. Life Sci 2019; 234:116743. [PMID: 31408660 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of bone repair mediated by recombination BMP-2 (rhBMP-2)/recombination CXC chemokine ligand-13 (rhCXCL13)-loaded hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres/chitosan (CS) composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the biological activity of rhBMP-2 and rhCXCL13 released from the complex was investigated. Secondly, the effect of rhBMP-2 sustained release solution on ALP activity and rhCXCL13 sustained release solution on cell migration of rat bone marrow mesenchyme stem cells was tested. Thirdly, osteoblasts differentiation test, X-ray scoring and three-point bending test were performed. Finally, the mRNAs expression of osteogenic marker genes and the protein expression of Runx2 was tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting (WB), respectively. KEY FINDINGS RhBMP-2 could significantly promote the proliferation and differentiation, and RhCXCL13 could promote the migration of rat bone marrow MSCs. Detection of ALP activity and calcium salt deposition showed that rhBMP-2 and rhCXCL13 could significantly improve the biological activity and promote cell differentiation ability. X-ray scoring of radius and flexural strength test showed that rhBMP-2 and rhCXCL13 could promote bone healing and improve the bending resistance of bone tissue. The in vitro molecular experiments including RT-PCR and WB further demonstrated the roles of rhBMP-2 and rhCXCL13 in bone formation and bone repair. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicated that the hollow HA microspheres/CS composite could be effective as a delivery vehicle for rhBMP-2 and rhCXCL13 in bone regeneration and bone repair. In this process, rhBMP-2 may promote bone regeneration by regulating bone marrow MSCs cells recruited by rhCXCL13.
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Liu HW, Wei DX, Deng JZ, Zhu JJ, Xu K, Hu WH, Xiao SH, Zhou YG. Combined antibacterial and osteogenic in situ effects of a bifunctional titanium alloy with nanoscale hydroxyapatite coating. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S460-S470. [PMID: 30260249 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1499662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To resolve the problems of bacterial infections and the low efficiency of osteogenesis of implanted titanium alloys in clinical dental and bone therapy, we developed a bifunctional titanium alloy (Ti) with a nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) coating (HBD + BMP/HA-Ti), which enables the sustained release of the natural antimicrobial peptide human β-defensin 3 (HBD-3) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Due to the poriferous nano-sized structure of the HA coating with a 20-30 μm thickness, the HBD + BMP/HA-Ti material had a high encapsulation efficiency (>74%) and exhibited synchronized slow release of HBD-3 and BMP-2. In an antibacterial test, HBD + BMP/HA-Ti prevented the growth of bacteria in an inoculated medium, and its surface remained free from viable bacteria after a continuous incubation with Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains for 7 days. Furthermore, good adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in contact with HBD + BMP/HA-Ti were achieved in 7 days. Therefore, the bifunctional titanium alloy HBD + BMP/HA-Ti has a great potential for eventual applications in the protection of implants against bacteria in the orthopaedic and dental clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei Liu
- a Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
| | - Dai-Xu Wei
- b School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences , Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
| | - Jiu-Zheng Deng
- a Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
| | - Jian-Jin Zhu
- a Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
| | - Kai Xu
- a Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
| | - Wen-Hao Hu
- c Department of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Song-Hua Xiao
- a Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhou
- c Department of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
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Structural effect of poly(ethylene glycol) segmental length on biofouling and hemocompatibility. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Xiong L, Zeng J, Yao A, Tu Q, Li J, Yan L, Tang Z. BMP2-loaded hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres exhibit enhanced osteoinduction and osteogenicity in large bone defects. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:517-26. [PMID: 25609957 PMCID: PMC4298340 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s74677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of large bone defects is an osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and osteogenic process that often requires a bone graft for support. Limitations associated with naturally autogenic or allogenic bone grafts have demonstrated the need for synthetic substitutes. The present study investigates the feasibility of using novel hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres as an osteoconductive matrix and a carrier for controlled local delivery of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), a potent osteogenic inducer of bone regeneration. Hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres (100±25 μm) with a core (60±18 μm) and a mesoporous shell (180±42 m2/g surface area) were prepared by a glass conversion technique and loaded with recombinant human BMP2 (1 μg/mg). There was a gentle burst release of BMP2 from microspheres into the surrounding phosphate-buffered saline in vitro within the initial 48 hours, and continued at a low rate for over 40 days. In comparison with hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres without BMP2 or soluble BMP2 without a carrier, BMP2-loaded hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres had a significantly enhanced capacity to reconstitute radial bone defects in rabbit, as shown by increased serum alkaline phosphatase; quick and complete new bone formation within 12 weeks; and great biomechanical flexural strength. These results indicate that BMP2-loaded hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres could be a potential new option for bone graft substitutes in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xiong
- Department of Osteology, People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zeng
- Department of Osteology, People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiquan Tu
- Department of Osteology, People's Hospital of Jiujiang County, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtang Li
- Department of Osteology, People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Osteology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang City, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Tang
- Department of Osteology, People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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Bell RV, Rochford LA, de Rosales RTM, Stevens M, Weaver JVM, Bon SAF. Fabrication of calcium phosphate microcapsules using emulsion droplets stabilized with branched copolymers as templates. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5544-5552. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00893j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
An efficient emulsion templating route using branched copolymers as droplet stabilizers for the synthesis of fluorescently labelled calcium phosphate capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V. Bell
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
- Department of Materials
| | | | | | - Molly Stevens
- Department of Materials
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
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12
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Lin K, Wu C, Chang J. Advances in synthesis of calcium phosphate crystals with controlled size and shape. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4071-102. [PMID: 24954909 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) materials have a wide range of applications, including biomaterials, adsorbents, chemical engineering materials, catalysts and catalyst supports and mechanical reinforcements. The size and shape of CaP crystals and aggregates play critical roles in their applications. The main inorganic building blocks of human bones and teeth are nanocrystalline CaPs; recently, much progress has been made in the application of CaP nanocrystals and their composites for clinical repair of damaged bone and tooth. For example, CaPs with special micro- and nanostructures can better imitate the biomimetic features of human bone and tooth, and this offers significantly enhanced biological performances. Therefore, the design of CaP nano-/microcrystals, and the shape and hierarchical structures of CaPs, have great potential to revolutionize the field of hard tissue engineering, starting from bone/tooth repair and augmentation to controlled drug delivery devices. Previously, a number of reviews have reported the synthesis and properties of CaP materials, especially for hydroxyapatite (HAp). However, most of them mainly focused on the characterizations and physicochemical and biological properties of HAp particles. There are few reviews about the control of particle size and size distribution of CaPs, and in particular the control of nano-/microstructures on bulk CaP ceramic surfaces, which is a big challenge technically and may have great potential in tissue engineering applications. This review summarizes the current state of the art for the synthesis of CaP crystals with controlled sizes from the nano- to the macroscale, and the diverse shapes including the zero-dimensional shapes of particles and spheres, the one-dimensional shapes of rods, fibers, wires and whiskers, the two-dimensional shapes of sheets, disks, plates, belts, ribbons and flakes and the three-dimensional (3-D) shapes of porous, hollow, and biomimetic structures similar to biological bone and tooth. In addition, this review will also summarize studies on the controlled formation of nano-/microstructures on the surface of bulk ceramics, and the preparation of macroscopical bone grafts with 3-D architecture nano-/microstructured surfaces. Moreover, the possible directions of future research and development in this field, such as the detailed mechanisms behind the size and shape control in various strategies, the importance of theoretical simulation, self-assembly, biomineralization and sacrificial precursor strategies in the fabrication of biomimetic bone-like and enamel-like CaP materials are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Lin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
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Xiao W, Fu H, Rahaman MN, Liu Y, Bal BS. Hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres: a novel bioactive and osteoconductive carrier for controlled release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 in bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8374-83. [PMID: 23747325 PMCID: PMC3732511 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The regeneration of large bone defects is a common and significant clinical problem. Limitations associated with existing treatments such as autologous bone grafts and allografts have increased the need for synthetic bone graft substitutes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of novel hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres to serve as a carrier for controlled release of bone morphogenetic-2 (BMP2) in bone regeneration. Hollow HA microspheres (106-150 μm) with a high surface area (>100 m2 g(-1)) and a mesoporous shell wall (pore size 10-20 nm) were created using a glass conversion technique. The release of BMP2 from the microspheres into a medium composed of diluted fetal bovine serum in vitro was slow, but it occurred continuously for over 2 weeks. When implanted in rat calvarial defects for 3 or 6 weeks, the microspheres loaded with BMP2 (1 μg per defect) showed a significantly better capacity to regenerate bone than those without BMP2. The amount of new bone in the defects implanted with the BMP2-loaded microspheres was 40% and 43%, respectively, at 3 and 6 weeks, compared to 13% and 17%, respectively, for the microspheres without BMP2. Coating the BMP2-loaded microspheres with a biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), reduced the amount of BMP2 released in vitro and, above a certain coating thickness, significantly reduced bone regeneration in vivo. The results indicate that these hollow HA microspheres could provide a bioactive and osteoconductive carrier for growth factors in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - Hailuo Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - Mohamed N. Rahaman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - Yonxing Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - B. Sonny Bal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri – Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA
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