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Awashra M, Młynarz P. The toxicity of nanoparticles and their interaction with cells: an in vitro metabolomic perspective. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2674-2723. [PMID: 37205285 PMCID: PMC10186990 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00534d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanomaterials (NMs) are widely present in daily life due to their significant benefits, as demonstrated by their application in many fields such as biomedicine, engineering, food, cosmetics, sensing, and energy. However, the increasing production of NMs multiplies the chances of their release into the surrounding environment, making human exposure to NMs inevitable. Currently, nanotoxicology is a crucial field, which focuses on studying the toxicity of NMs. The toxicity or effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on the environment and humans can be preliminary assessed in vitro using cell models. However, the conventional cytotoxicity assays, such as the MTT assay, have some drawbacks including the possibility of interference with the studied NPs. Therefore, it is necessary to employ more advanced techniques that provide high throughput analysis and avoid interferences. In this case, metabolomics is one of the most powerful bioanalytical strategies to assess the toxicity of different materials. By measuring the metabolic change upon the introduction of a stimulus, this technique can reveal the molecular information of the toxicity induced by NPs. This provides the opportunity to design novel and efficient nanodrugs and minimizes the risks of NPs used in industry and other fields. Initially, this review summarizes the ways that NPs and cells interact and the NP parameters that play a role in this interaction, and then the assessment of these interactions using conventional assays and the challenges encountered are discussed. Subsequently, in the main part, we introduce the recent studies employing metabolomics for the assessment of these interactions in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Awashra
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wroclaw Poland
| | - Piotr Młynarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wroclaw Poland
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Jaroch K, Modrakowska P, Bojko B. Glioblastoma Metabolomics-In Vitro Studies. Metabolites 2021; 11:315. [PMID: 34068300 PMCID: PMC8153257 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, the WHO introduced new guidelines for the diagnosis of brain gliomas based on new genomic markers. The addition of these new markers to the pre-existing diagnostic methods provided a new level of precision for the diagnosis of glioma and the prediction of treatment effectiveness. Yet, despite this new classification tool, glioblastoma (GBM), a grade IV glioma, continues to have one of the highest mortality rates among central nervous system tumors. Metabolomics is a particularly promising tool for the analysis of GBM tumors and potential methods of treating them, as it is the only "omics" approach that is capable of providing a metabolic signature of a tumor's phenotype. With careful experimental design, cell cultures can be a useful matrix in GBM metabolomics, as they ensure stable conditions and, under proper conditions, are capable of capturing different tumor phenotypes. This paper reviews in vitro metabolomic profiling studies of high-grade gliomas, with a particular focus on sample-preparation techniques, crucial metabolites identified, cell culture conditions, in vitro-in vivo extrapolation, and pharmacometabolomics. Ultimately, this review aims to elucidate potential future directions for in vitro GBM metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, dr A. Jurasza 2 Street, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.J.); (P.M.)
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Zhang D, Zhang L, Zheng W, Wu F, Cheng J, Yang H, Gong M. Investigating biological effects of multidimensional carboxylated carbon-based nanomaterials on human lung A549 cells revealed via non-targeted metabolomics approach. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:015704. [PMID: 33043904 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb55b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The biological responses of multidimensional carboxylated carbon-based nanomaterials (c-CBNs), including carboxylated graphene, carbon nanotube, and fullerene, on human lung A549 cells were investigated by using metabolomics technology. The structure and components of c-CBNs were characterized, and their biological effects were evaluated through cell apoptosis and viability analysis. Additionally, the metabolomics analysis of the nanomaterial-cell interaction system was performed using the established platform combining liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with the bioinformatics system. Results revealed that all tested c-CBNs demonstrated some biological effects in our cell model. However, significant metabolomic alterations induced by c-CBNs were also observed mainly in amino acids, organic acids, glycerophospholipids, and glycerolipids. Further, under the tested concentrations, the multiple dimensions of c-CBNs played a major role in determining the metabolic process in various interaction modes. This study provides an advanced alternative for evaluating metabolic effects of multidimensional nanomaterials through metabolomics technology considering the association between dimension and metabolic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingkun Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 88 Keyuan South Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Jochums A, Friehs E, Sambale F, Lavrentieva A, Bahnemann D, Scheper T. Revelation of Different Nanoparticle-Uptake Behavior in Two Standard Cell Lines NIH/3T3 and A549 by Flow Cytometry and Time-Lapse Imaging. TOXICS 2017; 5:toxics5030015. [PMID: 29051447 PMCID: PMC5634699 DOI: 10.3390/toxics5030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The uptake of nanomaterials into different cell types is a central pharmacological issue for the determination of nanotoxicity as well as for the development of drug delivery strategies. Most responses of the cells depend on their intracellular interactions with nanoparticles (NPs). Uptake behavior can be precisely investigated in vitro, with sensitive high throughput methods such as flow cytometry. In this study, we investigated two different standard cell lines, human lung carcinoma (A549) and mouse fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cells, regarding their uptake behavior of titanium dioxide NPs. Cells were incubated with different concentrations of TiO2 NPs and samples were taken at certain time points to compare the uptake kinetics of both cell lines. Samples were analyzed with the help of flow cytometry by studying changes in the side and forward scattering signal. To additionally enable a detection via fluorescence, NPs were labeled with the fluorescent dye fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI). We found that NIH/3T3 cells take up the studied NPs more efficiently than A549 cells. These findings were supported by time-lapse microscopic imaging of the cells incubated with TiO2 NPs. Our results confirm that the uptake behavior of individual cell types has to be considered before interpreting any results of nanomaterial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Jochums
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Elsa Friehs
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Franziska Sambale
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Antonina Lavrentieva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Detlef Bahnemann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
- Laboratory "Photoactive Nanocomposite Materials" (Director), Saint-Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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Hernandez-Montelongo J, Lucchesi E, Nascimento V, França C, Gonzalez I, Macedo W, Machado D, Lancellotti M, Moraes A, Beppu M, Cotta M. Antibacterial and non-cytotoxic ultra-thin polyethylenimine film. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 71:718-724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Preparation of Thermosensitive Gel for Controlled Release of Levofloxacin and Their Application in the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9702129. [PMID: 27689094 PMCID: PMC5027370 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9702129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Levofloxacin is a synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial agent for oral or intravenous administration. Chemically, levofloxacin is the levorotatory isomer (L-isomer) of racemate ofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. Quinolone derivatives rapidly and specifically inhibit the synthesis of bacterial DNA. Levofloxacin has in vitro activity against a broad range of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, formulation of combined poloxamers thermoregulated (as Pluronic® F127) and levofloxacin for use in multiresistant bacterial treatment were poorly described in the current literature. Thus, the aim of the present work is to characterize poloxamers for levofloxacin controlled release and their use in the treatment of multidrug bacterial resistance. Micelles were produced in colloidal dispersions, with a diameter between 5 and 100 nm, which form spontaneously from amphiphilic molecules under certain conditions as concentration and temperature. Encapsulation of levofloxacin into nanospheres showed efficiency and enhancement of antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae when compared with only levofloxacin. Furthermore, all formulations were not cytotoxic for NIH/3T3 cell lineage. In conclusion, poloxamers combined with levofloxacin have shown promising results, better than alone, decreasing the minimal inhibitory concentration of the studied bacterial multiresistance strains. In the future, this new formulation will be used after being tested in animal models in patients with resistant bacterial strains.
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Intracellular ROS mediates gas plasma-facilitated cellular transfection in 2D and 3D cultures. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27872. [PMID: 27296089 PMCID: PMC4906281 DOI: 10.1038/srep27872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the potential of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) as a versatile tool
for delivering oligonucleotides into mammalian cells. Compared to lipofection and
electroporation methods, plasma transfection showed a better uptake efficiency and
less cell death in the transfection of oligonucleotides. We demonstrated that the
level of extracellular aqueous reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by gas plasma
is correlated with the uptake efficiency and that this is achieved through an
increase of intracellular ROS levels and the resulting increase in cell membrane
permeability. This finding was supported by the use of ROS scavengers, which reduced
CAP-based uptake efficiency. In addition, we found that cold atmospheric plasma
could transfer oligonucleotides such as siRNA and miRNA into cells even in 3D
cultures, thus suggesting the potential for unique applications of CAP beyond those
provided by standard transfection techniques. Together, our results suggest that
cold plasma might provide an efficient technique for the delivery of siRNA and miRNA
in 2D and 3D culture models.
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Abstract
Nanomaterials are commonly defined as engineered structures with at least one dimension of 100 nm or less. Investigations of their potential toxicological impact on biological systems and the environment have yet to catch up with the rapid development of nanotechnology and extensive production of nanoparticles. High-throughput methods are necessary to assess the potential toxicity of nanoparticles. The omics techniques are well suited to evaluate toxicity in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Besides genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic profiling, metabolomics holds great promises for globally evaluating and understanding the molecular mechanism of nanoparticle–organism interaction. This manuscript presents a general overview of metabolomics techniques, summarizes its early application in nanotoxicology and finally discusses opportunities and challenges faced in nanotoxicology.
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Wang Y, Yuan Y, Cheng X, Li X, Zang J, Lu J, Yu Y, Xu X. Inhibiting the oxidation of diamond during preparing the vitrified dental grinding tools by depositing a ZnO coating using direct urea precipitation method. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 53:23-8. [PMID: 26042686 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of diamond during the manufacturing of vitrified dental grinding tools would reduce the strength and sharpness of tools. Zinc oxide (ZnO) coating was deposited on diamond particles by urea precipitation method to protect diamond in borosilicate glass. The FESEM results showed that the ZnO coating was formed by plate-shaped particles. According to the TG results, the onset oxidation temperature of the ZnO-coated diamond was about 70 °C higher than the pristine diamond. The EDS results showed that ZnO diffused into the borosilicate glass during sintering. As the result, the bending strength of the composites containing ZnO-coated diamond was increased by 24% compared to that of the composites containing pristine diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Yungang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Xiaozhe Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Jianbing Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
| | - Jing Lu
- The Ministry of Education Research Center for Machining of Brittle Materials, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Yiqing Yu
- The Ministry of Education Research Center for Machining of Brittle Materials, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Xipeng Xu
- The Ministry of Education Research Center for Machining of Brittle Materials, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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Ferreira TH, Hollanda LM, Lancellotti M, de Sousa EMB. Boron nitride nanotubes chemically functionalized with glycol chitosan for gene transfection in eukaryotic cell lines. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:2176-85. [PMID: 25231734 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured materials have been widely studied concerning their potential biomedical applications, primarily to selectively carry specific drugs or molecules within a tissue or organ. In this context, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have generated considerable interest in the scientific community because of their unique properties, presenting good chemical inertness and high thermal stability. Among the many applications proposed for BNNTs in the biomedical field in recent years, the most important include their use as biosensors, nanovectors for the delivery of proteins, drugs, and genes. In the present study, BNNTs were synthesized, purified, and functionalized with glycol chitosan through a chemical process, yielding the BNNT-GC. The size of BNNT-GC was reduced using an ultrasound probe. Two samples with different sizes were selected for in vitro assays. The nanostructures were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis (TGA), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The in vitro assays MTT and neutral red (NR) were performed with NIH-3T3 and A549 cell lines and demonstrated that this material is not cytotoxic. Furthermore, the BNNT-GC was applied in gene transfection of plasmid pIRES containing a gene region that express a green fluorescent protein (GFP) in NIH-3T3 and A549 cell lines. The gene transfection was characterized by fluorescent protein produced in the cells and pictured by fluorescent microscopy. Our results suggest that BNNT-GC has moderate stability and presents great potential as a gene carrier agent in nonviral-based therapy, with low cytotoxicity and good transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Ferreira
- SENAN, Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, CDTN/CNEN Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 30270-901, Brasil
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Zanin H, Margraf-Ferreira A, da Silva N, Marciano F, Corat E, Lobo A. Graphene and carbon nanotube composite enabling a new prospective treatment for trichomoniasis disease. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 41:65-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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