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Jeong U, Yoon S, Park S, Jeon TJ, Kim SM. 3D Artificial Skin Platform for Investigating Pregnancy-Related Skin Pigmentation. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:511. [PMID: 38675322 PMCID: PMC11052160 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we created a 3D Artificial Skin Platform that can be used for the treatment of pigmentation by artificially realizing the skin of pregnant women. For the stable realization of 3D artificial skin, a bilayer hydrogel composed of collagen type I and fibrin was designed and applied to the study to reduce the tension-induced contraction of collagen type I, the extracellular matrix (ECM) of artificial skin, by dynamic culture. Oxygen concentration and 17β-Estradiol (E2) concentration, which are highly related to melanin production, were selected as parameters of the pregnancy environment and applied to cell culture. Oxygen concentration, which is locally reduced in the first trimester (2.5-3%), and E2, which is upregulated in the third trimester, were applied to the cell culture process. We analyzed whether the 3D artificial skin implemented in the 3D Artificial Skin Platform could better represent the tendency of melanin expression in pregnant women than cells cultured under the same conditions in 2D. The expression levels of melanin and melanin-related genes in the 2D cell culture did not show a significant trend that was similar to the melanin expression trend in pregnant women. However, the 3D artificial skin platform showed a significant trend towards a 2-6-fold increase in melanin expression in response to low oxygen concentrations (2.5%) and E2 concentrations (17 ng/mL), which was similar to the trend in pregnant women in vivo. These results suggest that 3D artificial skin cultured on the Artificial Skin Platform has the potential to be used as a substitute for human pregnant skin in various research fields related to the treatment of pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uiechan Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sunhee Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sungjin Park
- Department of Mechanical and System Design Engineering, Hongik University, 94 Wausan-ro, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae-Joon Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Min Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
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Zhang T, Gu Y, Liu X, Yuan R, Zhou Y, Dai Y, Fang P, Feng Y, Cao G, Chen H, Xue R, Hu X, Gong C. Incidence of Carassius auratus Gibelio Gill Hemorrhagic Disease Caused by CyHV-2 Infection Can Be Reduced by Vaccination with Polyhedra Incorporating Antigens. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040397. [PMID: 33923836 PMCID: PMC8072653 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Encapsulation of antigens within protein microcrystals (polyhedra) is a promising approach for the stable delivery of vaccines. In this study, a vaccine was encapsulated into polyhedra against cyprinid herpesvirus II (CyHV-2). CyHV-2 typically infects gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, causing gill hemorrhagic disease. The vaccine was constructed using a codon-optimized sequence, D4ORF, comprising the ORF72 (region 1–186 nt), ORF66 (region 993–1197 nt), ORF81 (region 603–783 nt), and ORF82 (region 85–186 nt) genes of CyHV-2. The H1-D4ORF and D4ORF-VP3 sequences were, respectively, obtained by fusing the H1-helix sequence (region 1–90 nt) ofBombyx mori cypovirus(BmCPV) polyhedrin to the 5′ terminal end of D4ORF and by fusing a partial sequence (1–279 nt) of the BmCPV VP3 gene to the 3′ terminal end of D4ORF. Furthermore, BmNPV-H1-D4ORF-polh and BmNPV-D4ORF-VP3-polh recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedroviruses (BmNPVs), belonging to the family Baculoviridae, and co-expressing BmCPV polyhedrin and H1-D4ORF or D4ORF-VP3, were constructed. H1-D4ORF and D4ORF-VP3 fusion proteins were confirmed to be encapsulated into recombinant cytoplasmic polyhedra by Western blotting. Degradation of vaccine proteins was assessed by SDS-PAGE, and the results showed that the encapsulated vaccine proteins in polyhedra could be protected from degradation. Furthermore, when gibel carp were vaccinated with the purified polyhedra from BmNPV-H1-D4ORF-polh and BmNPV-D4ORF-VP3-polh via injection, the antibody titers in the serum of the vaccinated fish reached 1:6400–1:12,800 at 3 weeks post-vaccination. Therelative percentage of survival of immunized gibel carp reached 64.71% and 58.82%, respectively, following challenge with CyHV-2. These results suggest that incorporating vaccine protein into BmCPV polyhedra may be a novel approach for developing aquaculture microencapsulated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (T.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Y.F.); (G.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Yuchao Gu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (T.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Y.F.); (G.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Jiangsu Center for Control and Prevention of Aquatic Animal Infectious Disease, Nanjing 210036, China; (X.L.); (R.Y.); (P.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Rui Yuan
- Jiangsu Center for Control and Prevention of Aquatic Animal Infectious Disease, Nanjing 210036, China; (X.L.); (R.Y.); (P.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- Dafeng District Aquaculture Technical Extension Station of Yancheng City, Yancheng 224100, China;
| | - Yaping Dai
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (T.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Y.F.); (G.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Ping Fang
- Jiangsu Center for Control and Prevention of Aquatic Animal Infectious Disease, Nanjing 210036, China; (X.L.); (R.Y.); (P.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Yongjie Feng
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (T.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Y.F.); (G.C.); (R.X.)
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guangli Cao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (T.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Y.F.); (G.C.); (R.X.)
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Jiangsu Center for Control and Prevention of Aquatic Animal Infectious Disease, Nanjing 210036, China; (X.L.); (R.Y.); (P.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Renyu Xue
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (T.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Y.F.); (G.C.); (R.X.)
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (T.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Y.F.); (G.C.); (R.X.)
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (T.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Y.F.); (G.C.); (R.X.)
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (C.G.)
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Maruta R, Takaki K, Yamaji Y, Sezutsu H, Mori H, Kotani E. Effects of transgenic silk materials that incorporate FGF-7 protein microcrystals on the proliferation and differentiation of human keratinocytes. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:734-744. [PMID: 33336160 PMCID: PMC7734426 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The silk glands of silkworms produce large quantities of fibroin, which is a protein that can be physically processed and used as a biodegradable carrier for cell growth factors in tissue engineering applications. Meanwhile, protein microcrystals known as polyhedra, which are derived from cypovirus 1, have been used as a vehicle to protect and release encapsulated cell growth factors. We report the generation of transgenic silkworms that express recombinant fibroblast growth factor-7 (FGF-7) fused with the polyhedron-encapsulating signal in polyhedra produced in the middle (MSG) and posterior (PSG) silk glands. Immunofluorescence showed that polyhedra from silk glands are associated with FGF-7. The MSG and PSG from transgenic silkworms were processed into fine powdery materials, from which FGF-7 activity was released to stimulate the proliferation of human keratinocyte epidermal cells. Powders from PSGs exhibited higher FGF-7 activity than those from MSGs. Moreover, PSG powder showed a gradual release of FGF-7 activity over a long period and induced keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation in 3D culture to promote the formation of stratified epidermis expressing positive differentiation marker proteins. Our results indicate that powdery materials incorporating the FGF-7-polyhedra microcrystals from silk glands are valuable for developing cell/tissue engineering applications in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Maruta
- Department of Applied BiologyKyoto Institute of TechnologyKyotoJapan
| | - Keiko Takaki
- Department of Applied BiologyKyoto Institute of TechnologyKyotoJapan
| | - Yuka Yamaji
- Department of Applied BiologyKyoto Institute of TechnologyKyotoJapan
| | - Hideki Sezutsu
- Institute of Agrobiological SciencesNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Hajime Mori
- Department of Applied BiologyKyoto Institute of TechnologyKyotoJapan
| | - Eiji Kotani
- Department of Applied BiologyKyoto Institute of TechnologyKyotoJapan
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Yuasa H, Kotani E, Mori H, Takaki K. New method for immobilising diverse proteins onto cubic micro-protein polyhedrin crystals. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 167:105531. [PMID: 31734266 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cypovirus is an insect virus that is encapsulated in stable cubic protein crystals composed of polyhedrin protein produced in virus-infected cells. Molecular technology developed over the last decade is now able to immobilise proteins of interest on polyhedrin crystals. Modified polyhedrin crystals can be used in cell cultures for implantation in animals and vaccines, among other applications. However, this technique does not work for some proteins. Here, we developed and tested an alternative approach for immobilising foreign proteins in polyhedrin crystals using a linker method; diverse proteins, such as fluorescent proteins, enzymes, antibodies, and streptavidin were successfully contained. The immobilised antibodies retained their binding activity on filter paper, implying their potential for new immunochromatography applications. Moreover, this immobilisation method allows enzymes to be collected from one reaction reagent and transferred to another reagent. These results demonstrate the potential of this immobilisation method and the likelihood of expanding the applications of polyhedrin crystals using this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Yuasa
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Eiji Kotani
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Hajime Mori
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Keiko Takaki
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
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Bioengineered silkworms with butterfly cytotoxin-modified silk glands produce sericin cocoons with a utility for a new biomaterial. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:6740-6745. [PMID: 28607081 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703449114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically manipulated organisms with dysfunction of specific tissues are crucial for the study of various biological applications and mechanisms. However, the bioengineering of model organisms with tissue-specific dysfunction has not progressed because the challenges of expression of proteins, such as cytotoxins, in living cells of individual organisms need to be overcome first. Here, we report the establishment of a transgenic silkworm (Bombyx mori) with posterior silk glands (PSGs) that was designed to express the cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapae) cytotoxin pierisin-1A (P1A). P1A, a homolog of the apoptosis inducer pierisin-1, had relatively lower DNA ADP ribosyltransferase activity than pierisin-1; it also induced the repression of certain protein synthesis when expressed in B. mori-derived cultured cells. The transgene-derived P1A domain harboring enzymatic activity was successfully expressed in the transgenic silkworm PSGs. The glands showed no apoptosis-related morphological changes; however, an abnormal appearance was evident. The introduced truncated P1A resulted in the dysfunction of PSGs in that they failed to produce the silk protein fibroin. Cocoons generated by the silkworms solely consisted of the glue-like glycoprotein sericin, from which soluble sericin could be prepared to form hydrogels. Embryonic stem cells could be maintained on the hydrogels in an undifferentiated state and proliferated through stimulation by the cytokines introduced into the hydrogels. Thus, bioengineering with targeted P1A expression successfully produced silkworms with a biologically useful trait that has significant application potential.
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