1
|
Sarkar J, Naskar A, Nath A, Gangopadhyay B, Tarafdar E, Das D, Chakraborty S, Chattopadhyay D, Acharya K. Innovative utilization of harvested mushroom substrate for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: A multi-response optimization approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118297. [PMID: 38281560 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In this work, harvested mushroom substrate (HMS) has been explored for the first time through a comprehensive optimization study for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). A multiple response central composite design with three parameters: pH of the reaction mixture, temperature, and incubation period at three distinct levels was employed in the optimization study. The particle size of AgNPs, UV absorbance, and the percentage of Ag/Cl elemental ratio were considered as the response parameters. For each response variable examined the model used was found to be significant (P < 0.05). The ideal conditions were: pH 8.9, a temperature of 59.4 °C, and an incubation period of 48.5 h. The UV-visible spectra of AgNPs indicated that the absorption maxima for AgNP-3 were 414 nm, 420 for AgNPs-2, and 457 for AgNPs-1. The XRD analysis of AgNPs-3 and AgNPs-2 show a large diffraction peak at ∼38.2°, ∼44.2°, ∼64.4°, and ∼77.4°, respectively, which relate to the planes of polycrystalline face-centered cubic (fcc) silver. Additionally, the XRD result of AgNPs-1, reveals diffraction characteristics of AgCl planes (111, 200, 220, 311, 222, and 400). The TEM investigations indicated that the smallest particles were synthesized at pH 9 with average diameters of 35 ± 6 nm (AgNPs-3). The zeta potentials of the AgNPs are -36 (AgNPs-3), -28 (AgNPs-2), and -19 (AgNPs-1) mV, respectively. The distinct IR peak at 3400, 1634, and 1383 cm-1 indicated the typical vibration of phenols, proteins, and alkaloids, respectively. The AgNPs were further evaluated against gram (+) strain Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 736) and gram (-) strain Escherichia coli (MTCC 68). All of the NPs tested positive for antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains. The study makes a sustainable alternative to disposing of HMS to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jit Sarkar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, PIN-700019, India
| | - Arghya Naskar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, PIN-700019, India
| | - Anirban Nath
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, PIN-700019, India
| | - Bhuman Gangopadhyay
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, PIN-700019, India
| | - Entaj Tarafdar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, PIN-700019, India
| | - Diptosh Das
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, PIN-700019, India
| | - Somsubhra Chakraborty
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, PIN-721302, India
| | - Dipankar Chattopadhyay
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, PIN-700019, India; Center for Research in Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata - 700106, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, PIN-700019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghafoor F, Kim H, Ghafoor B, Rehman S, Asghar Khan M, Aziz J, Rabeel M, Faheem Maqsood M, Dastgeer G, Lee MJ, Farooq Khan M, Kim DK. Interface engineering in ZnO/CdO hybrid nanocomposites to enhanced resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:1-10. [PMID: 38157721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Resistive random-access memory (RRAMs) has attracted significant interest for their potential applications in embedded storage and neuromorphic computing. Materials based on metal chalcogenides have emerged as promising candidates for the fulfilment of these requirements. Due to its ability to manipulate electronic states and control trap states through controlled compositional dynamics, metal chalcogenide RRAM has excellent non-volatile resistive memory properties. In the present we have synthesized ZnO-CdO hybrid nanocomposite by using hydrothermal method as an active layer. The Ag/C15ZO/Pt hybrid nanocomposite structure memristors showed electrical properties similar to biological synapses. The device exhibited remarkably stable resistive switching properties that have a low SET/RESET (0.41/-0.2) voltage, a high RON/OFF ratio of approximately 105, a high retention stability, excellent endurance reliability up to 104 cycles and multilevel device storage performance by controlling the compliance current. Furthermore, they exhibited an impressive performance in terms of emulating biological synaptic functions, which include long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), and paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), via the continuous modulation of conductance. The hybrid nanocomposite memristors notably achieved an impressive recognition accuracy of up to 92.6 % for handwritten digit recognition under artificial neural network (ANN). This study shows that hybrid-nanocomposite memristor performance could lead to efficient future neuromorphic architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Ghafoor
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Honggyun Kim
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Bilal Ghafoor
- PPGE3M, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre /RS, Brazil
| | - Shania Rehman
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jamal Aziz
- Chair of Smart Sensor Systems, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Muhammad Rabeel
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Faheem Maqsood
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 05006 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghulam Dastgeer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Myoung-Jae Lee
- Institute of Conversion Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)., Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Muhammad Farooq Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deok-Kee Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shuvaeva VA, Mazarji M, Nevidomskaya D, Minkina TM, Fedorenko AG, Rajput VD, Kirichkov MV, Tsitsuashvili VS, Mandzhieva SS, Veligzhanin AA, Svetogorov RD, Khramov EV, Wong MH. Synthesis and properties of nano-cadmium oxide and its size-dependent responses by barley plant. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118045. [PMID: 38160969 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Present study included technological methods that made it possible to synthesize CdO nanoparticles and carry out their qualitative and quantitative diagnostics, confirming the as-prepared CdO nanoparticles (NPs) were spherical and had a size of 25 nm. Then, under the conditions of the model experiment the effect of CdO in macro and nanosized particles on absorption, transformation, and structural and functional changes occurring in cells and tissues of Hordeum vulgare L. (spring barley) during its ontogenesis was analyzed. Different analytical techniques were used to detect the transformation of CdO forms: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDXMA and TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray absorption fine structure, consists of XANES - X-ray absorption near edge structure, and EXAFS - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure. Quantitative differences in the elemental chemical composition of barley root and leaf samples were observed. The predominant root uptake of Cd was revealed. CdO-NPs were found to penetrate deeply into barley plant tissues, where they accumulated and formed new mineral phases such as Cd5(PO4)3Cl and CdSO4 according to XRD analysis. The molecular-structural state of the local Cd environment in plant samples corresponding to Cd-O and Cd-Cd. The toxicity of CdO-NPs was found to significantly affect the morphology of intracellular structures are the main organelles of photosynthesis therefore, destructive changes in them obviously reduce the level of metabolic processes ensuring the growth of plants. This study is an attempt to show results how it is possible to combine some instrumental techniques to characterize and behavior of NPs in complex matrices of living organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Shuvaeva
- Southern Federal University, ul. Bolshaya Sadovaya 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia
| | - Mahmoud Mazarji
- Southern Federal University, ul. Bolshaya Sadovaya 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia
| | - DinaG Nevidomskaya
- Southern Federal University, ul. Bolshaya Sadovaya 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia
| | - Tatiana M Minkina
- Southern Federal University, ul. Bolshaya Sadovaya 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia
| | - Aleksei G Fedorenko
- Southern Federal University, ul. Bolshaya Sadovaya 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Southern Federal University, ul. Bolshaya Sadovaya 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia.
| | - Mikhail V Kirichkov
- Southern Federal University, ul. Bolshaya Sadovaya 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia
| | | | - Saglara S Mandzhieva
- Southern Federal University, ul. Bolshaya Sadovaya 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia
| | - Aleksei A Veligzhanin
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", pl. Akademika Kurchatova 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Roman D Svetogorov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", pl. Akademika Kurchatova 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V Khramov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", pl. Akademika Kurchatova 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Southern Federal University, ul. Bolshaya Sadovaya 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia; Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar SA, Rosaline DR, Foletto EL, Dotto GL, Inbanathan SSR, Muralidharan G. Application of green-synthesized cadmium oxide nanofibers and cadmium oxide/graphene nanosheet nanocomposites as alternative and efficient photocatalysts for methylene blue removal from aqueous matrix. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:117390-117403. [PMID: 37870670 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, cadmium oxide (CdO) nanofibers (NFs) and graphene nanosheet (GNS)-doped CdO nanocomposites (NCs) have been synthesized by a simple green route using green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract, for subsequent application as photocatalysts for methylene blue (MB) removal from an aqueous matrix. In addition, the materials were tested as working electrodes for supercapacitors. The prepared samples were analyzed by FESEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FESEM revealed that the obtained NPs and NCs show fiber-shaped nanostructure. FTIR confirmed the presence of biomolecules on CdO and carbon compounds on CdO/GNS, while XRD exhibited the cubic crystalline structure of obtained NPs and NCs. The Rietveld refinement using XRD data was performed to ascertain the crystallographic characteristics of the produced samples and look into lattice imperfections. UV-Vis spectroscopy evaluated the optical bandgap energies of CdO and CdO/GNS NCs. The CdO/GNS NCs demonstrated a fast cleavage of the dye molecule under UV irradiation, resulting in 97% removal in 120 min. In addition, CdO/GNS NCs showed remarkable chemical stability as an electrode material, with a high specific capacitance of 231 F g-1 at a scan rate of 25 mV s-1. These observed NCs characteristics are higher when compared to pristine CdO NPs. Finally, we found that the investigated NCs showed enhanced multifunctional properties, such as photocatalytic and supercapacitor characteristics, which can be useful in practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundararajan Ashok Kumar
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Physics, The American College, Madurai, Tamil Na du, 625002, India
| | - Daniel Rani Rosaline
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Lady Doak College, Madurai, Tamil Na du, 625002, India
| | - Edson Luiz Foletto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Luiz Dotto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Gopalan Muralidharan
- Department of Physics, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil Na du, 624302, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elmanfaloty R, Shoueir KR, Yousif B. Intriguing and Facile Preparation Approach of CdO Nanorod-Based Abundant Chitosan for Symmetric Supercapacitors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35682-35692. [PMID: 37810675 PMCID: PMC10552095 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Abundant chitosan was rationally used for the green fabrication of cadmium oxide nanorods (CdO nanorods) owing to its environmentally benign characteristics, bioavailability, low cost, etc. However, the primary unsubstituted amino group of chitosan interacts with the surface of Cd salt at higher temperatures, resulting in CdO nanorod formation. A one-step hydrothermal technique was adopted in the presence of chitosan. Optical, structural, and morphology techniques characterized CdO nanorods. According to X-ray diffraction crystallography, CdO is well crystallized in the face-centered cubic lattice with an Fm-3m (225) space group. The AC@CdO nanoelectrode demonstrated an outstanding gravimetric capacitance of 320 F g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g-1, nearly three-fold that of ordinary AC electrodes. The AC electrode and the AC@CdO nanoelectrode retain 90 and 93% of their initial specific capacitance after 10,000 galvanostatic charge discharge cycles. The AC@CdO nanoelectrode has a lower equivalent series resistance value than the AC electrode. Moreover, AC@CdO symmetric supercapacitor devices achieve excellent results in terms of specific energy, specific power, and capacitance retention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania
A. Elmanfaloty
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
| | - Kamel R. Shoueir
- Institute
of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh
University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Bedir Yousif
- Electrical
Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Electrical
Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Onaizah Colleges, Onaizah, Al Qassim 51911, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khamis M, Gouda GA, Nagiub AM. Biosynthesis approach of zinc oxide nanoparticles for aqueous phosphorous removal: physicochemical properties and antibacterial activities. BMC Chem 2023; 17:99. [PMID: 37587477 PMCID: PMC10428629 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, phosphorus (PO43--P) is removed from water samples using zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). These nanoparticles are produced easily, quickly, and sustainably using Onion extracts (Allium cepa) at an average crystallite size of 8.13 nm using the Debye-Scherrer equation in the hexagonal wurtzite phase. The characterization and investigation of bio-synthesis ZnO NPs were carried out. With an initial concentration of 250 mg/L of P, the effects of the adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, and temperature were examined. At pH = 3 and T = 300 K, ZnO NPs achieved the optimum sorption capacity of 84 mg/g, which was superior to many other adsorbents. The isothermal study was found to fit the Langmuir model at a monolayer capacity of 89.8 mg/g, and the kinetic study was found to follow the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption process was verified to be endothermic and spontaneous by thermodynamic characteristics. As a result of their low cost as an adsorbent and their high metal absorption, ZnO NPs were found to be the most promising sorbent in this investigation and have the potential to be used as effective sorbents for the removal of P from aqueous solutions. The antimicrobial activity results showed that ZnO NPs concentration had greater antibacterial activity than conventional Cefotaxime, which was utilized as a positive control in the inhibitory zone. However, no inhibitory zone was visible in the controlled wells that had been supplemented with onion extract and DMSO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Khamis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Adham M Nagiub
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhatt S, Punetha VD, Pathak R, Punetha M. Graphene in nanomedicine: A review on nano-bio factors and antibacterial activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 226:113323. [PMID: 37116377 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials possess potent antibacterial activity and have engrossed immense interest among researchers as an active armour against pathogenic microbes. A comprehensive perception of the antibacterial activity of these nanomaterials is critical to the fabrication of highly effective antimicrobial nanomaterials, which results in highly efficient and enhanced activity. These materials owing to their antimicrobial activity are utilized as nanomedicine against various pathogenic microbes. The present article reviews the antimicrobial activity of graphene and its analogs such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide as well as metal, metal oxide and polymeric composites. The review draws emphasis on the effect of various nano-bio factors on the antibacterial capability. It also provides an insight into the antibacterial properties of these materials along with a brief discussion on the discrepancies in their activities as evidenced by the scientific communities. In this way, the review is expected to shed light on future research and development in graphene-based nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Bhatt
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, P P Savani University, NH-8, Surat, Gujarat 394125, India.
| | - Vinay Deep Punetha
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, P P Savani University, NH-8, Surat, Gujarat 394125, India
| | - Rakshit Pathak
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, P P Savani University, NH-8, Surat, Gujarat 394125, India
| | - Mayank Punetha
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, P P Savani University, NH-8, Surat, Gujarat 394125, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Silva-Holguín PN, Ruíz-Baltazar ÁDJ, Medellín-Castillo NA, Labrada-Delgado GJ, Reyes-López SY. Synthesis and Characterization of α-Al 2O 3/Ba-β-Al 2O 3 Spheres for Cadmium Ions Removal from Aqueous Solutions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6809. [PMID: 36234150 PMCID: PMC9571672 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The search for adsorbent materials with a certain chemical inertness, mechanical resistance, and high adsorption capacity, as is the case with alumina, is carried out with structural or surface modifications with the addition of additives or metallic salts. This research shows the synthesis, characterization, phase evolution and Cd(II) adsorbent capacity of α-Al2O3/Ba-β-Al2O3 spheres obtained from α-Al2O3 nanopowders by the ion encapsulation method. The formation of the Ba-β-Al2O3 phase is manifested at 1500 °C according to the infrared spectrum by the appearance of bands corresponding to AlO4 bonds and the appearance of peaks corresponding to Ba-O bonds in Raman spectroscopy. XRD determined the presence of BaO·Al2O3 at 1000 °C and the formation of Ba-β-Al2O3 at 1600 °C. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of spherical grains corresponding to α-Al2O3 and hexagonal plates corresponding to β-Al2O3 in the spheres treated at 1600 °C. The spheres obtained have dimensions of 4.65 ± 0.30 mm in diameter, weight of 43 ± 2 mg and a surface area of 0.66 m2/g. According to the curve of pH vs. zeta potential, the spheres have an acid character and a negative surface charge of -30 mV at pH 5. Through adsorption studies, an adsorbent capacity of Cd(II) of 59.97 mg/g (87 ppm Cd(II)) was determined at pH 5, and the data were fitted to the pseudo first order, pseudo second order and Freundlich models, with correlation factors of 0.993, 0.987 and 0.998, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Nair Silva-Holguín
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32300, Mexico
| | - Álvaro de Jesús Ruíz-Baltazar
- CONACYT-Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Nahum Andrés Medellín-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 8, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | | | - Simón Yobanny Reyes-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32300, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Seifi T, Kamali AR. The influence of mechanochemical treatment in hexane on dispersibility and floatability of graphite flakes with enhanced water evaporation performance. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
10
|
Anju, Yadav RS, Pötschke P, Pionteck J, Krause B, Kuřitka I, Vilčáková J, Škoda D, Urbánek P, Machovský M, Masař M, Urbánek M. Cu xCo 1-xFe 2O 4 (x = 0.33, 0.67, 1) Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites with Reduced Graphene Oxide for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2610. [PMID: 35269754 PMCID: PMC8910661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CuxCo1-xFe2O4 (x = 0.33, 0.67, 1)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites exhibiting highly efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding were prepared by a melt-mixing approach using a microcompounder. Spinel ferrite Cu0.33Co0.67Fe2O4 (CuCoF1), Cu0.67Co0.33Fe2O4 (CuCoF2) and CuFe2O4 (CuF3) nanoparticles were synthesized using the sonochemical method. The CuCoF1 and CuCoF2 exhibited typical ferromagnetic features, whereas CuF3 displayed superparamagnetic characteristics. The maximum value of EMI total shielding effectiveness (SET) was noticed to be 42.9 dB, 46.2 dB, and 58.8 dB for CuCoF1-rGO-TPU, CuCoF2-rGO-TPU, and CuF3-rGO-TPU nanocomposites, respectively, at a thickness of 1 mm. The highly efficient EMI shielding performance was attributed to the good impedance matching, conductive, dielectric, and magnetic loss. The demonstrated nanocomposites are promising candidates for a lightweight, flexible, and highly efficient EMI shielding material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (A.); (I.K.); (J.V.); (D.Š.); (P.U.); (M.M.); (M.M.); m (M.U.)
| | - Raghvendra Singh Yadav
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (A.); (I.K.); (J.V.); (D.Š.); (P.U.); (M.M.); (M.M.); m (M.U.)
| | - Petra Pötschke
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany; (P.P.); (J.P.); (B.K.)
| | - Jürgen Pionteck
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany; (P.P.); (J.P.); (B.K.)
| | - Beate Krause
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany; (P.P.); (J.P.); (B.K.)
| | - Ivo Kuřitka
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (A.); (I.K.); (J.V.); (D.Š.); (P.U.); (M.M.); (M.M.); m (M.U.)
| | - Jarmila Vilčáková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (A.); (I.K.); (J.V.); (D.Š.); (P.U.); (M.M.); (M.M.); m (M.U.)
| | - David Škoda
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (A.); (I.K.); (J.V.); (D.Š.); (P.U.); (M.M.); (M.M.); m (M.U.)
| | - Pavel Urbánek
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (A.); (I.K.); (J.V.); (D.Š.); (P.U.); (M.M.); (M.M.); m (M.U.)
| | - Michal Machovský
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (A.); (I.K.); (J.V.); (D.Š.); (P.U.); (M.M.); (M.M.); m (M.U.)
| | - Milan Masař
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (A.); (I.K.); (J.V.); (D.Š.); (P.U.); (M.M.); (M.M.); m (M.U.)
| | - Michal Urbánek
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (A.); (I.K.); (J.V.); (D.Š.); (P.U.); (M.M.); (M.M.); m (M.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kurmarayuni CM, Chandu B, Yangalasetty LP, Gali SJ, Khandapu BMK, Bollikolla HB. Studies on the Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of
In Situ
Green Synthesized Graphene‐Gold Nanocomposite. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Basavaiah Chandu
- Department of Nanotechnology Acharya Nagarjuna University Guntur 522510, A.P. India
| | | | - Siva Jyothsna Gali
- Department of Chemistry Acharya Nagarjuna University Guntur 522510, A.P. India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pachaiappan R, Rajendran S, Show PL, Manavalan K, Naushad M. Metal/metal oxide nanocomposites for bactericidal effect: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:128607. [PMID: 33097236 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many microbial species causing infectious disease all over the world became a social burden and creating threat among community. These microbes possess long lifetime, enhancing mortality and morbidity rate in affected organisms. In this condition, the treatment was ineffective and more chances of spreading of infection into other organisms. Hence, it is necessary to initiate infection control efforts and prevention activities against multidrug resistant microbes, to reduce the death rate of people. Seriously concerning towards this problem progress was shown in developing significant drugs with least side effects. Emergence of nanoparticles and its novelty showed effective role in targeting and destructing microbes well. Further, many research works have shown nanocomposites developed from nanoparticles coupled with other nanoparticles, polymers, carbon material acted as an exotic substance against microbes causing severe loss. However, metal and metal oxide nanocomposites have gained interest due to its small size and enhancing the surface contact with bacteria, producing damage to it. The bactericidal mechanism of metal and metal oxide nanocomposites involve in the production of reactive oxygen species which includes superoxide radical anions, hydrogen peroxide anions and hydrogen peroxide which interact with the cell wall of bacteria causing damage to the cell membrane in turn inhibiting the further growth of cell with leakage of internal cellular components, leading to death of bacteria. This review provides the detailed view on antibacterial activity of metal and metal oxide nanocomposite which possessed novelty due to its physiochemical changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Pachaiappan
- Department of Sustainable Energy Management, Stella Maris College, Chennai, 600086, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales Zonas Áridas, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad deIngeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Kovendhan Manavalan
- Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Madras, Gunidy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mu Naushad
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cho BG, Joshi SR, Lee S, Kim SK, Park YB, Kim GH. Enhanced Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Nanocomposites Based on Poly(vinyl Alcohol) and Biopolymer-Derived Reduced Graphene Oxide. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040615. [PMID: 33670700 PMCID: PMC7923123 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalized graphene–polymer nanocomposites have gained significant attention for their enhanced mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties, but the requirement of multi-step processes or hazardous reducing agents to functionalize graphene limits their current applications. Here, we present a single-step synthesis of thermally reduced graphene oxide (TrGO) based on shellac, which is a low-cost biopolymer that can be employed to produce poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/TrGO nanocomposites (PVA–TrGO). The concentration of TrGO varied from 0.1 to 2.0 wt.%, and the critical concentration of homogeneous TrGO dispersion was observed to be 1.5 wt.%, below which strong interfacial molecular interactions between the TrGO and the PVA matrix resulted in improved thermal and mechanical properties. At 1.5 wt.% filler loading, the tensile strength and modulus of the PVA–TrGO nanocomposite were increased by 98.7% and 97.4%, respectively, while the storage modulus was increased by 69%. Furthermore, the nanocomposite was 96% more effective in preventing bacterial colonization relative to the neat PVA matrix. The present findings indicate that TrGO can be considered a promising material for potential applications in biomedical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Young-Bin Park
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.P.); (G.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-52-217-2314 (Y-B.P.); +82-52-217-2413 (G.-H.K.)
| | - Gun-Ho Kim
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.P.); (G.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-52-217-2314 (Y-B.P.); +82-52-217-2413 (G.-H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Colino CI, Lanao JM, Gutierrez-Millan C. Recent advances in functionalized nanomaterials for the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 121:111843. [PMID: 33579480 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The growing problem of resistant infections due to antibiotic misuse is a worldwide concern that poses a grave threat to healthcare systems. Thus, it is necessary to discover new strategies to combat infectious diseases. In this review, we provide a selective overview of recent advances in the use of nanocomposites as alternatives to antibiotics in antimicrobial treatments. Metals and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been associated with inorganic and organic supports to improve their antibacterial activity and stability as well as other properties. For successful antibiotic treatment, it is critical to achieve a high drug concentration at the infection site. In recent years, the development of stimuli-responsive systems has allowed the vectorization of antibiotics to the site of infection. These nanomaterials can be triggered by various mechanisms (such as changes in pH, light, magnetic fields, and the presence of bacterial enzymes); additionally, they can improve antibacterial efficacy and reduce side effects and microbial resistance. To this end, various types of modified polymers, lipids, and inorganic components (such as metals, silica, and graphene) have been developed. Applications of these nanocomposites in diverse fields ranging from food packaging, environment, and biomedical antimicrobial treatments to diagnosis and theranosis are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara I Colino
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Spain; The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain
| | - José M Lanao
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Spain; The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain.
| | - Carmen Gutierrez-Millan
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Spain; The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Seifi T, Kamali AR. Anti-pathogenic activity of graphene nanomaterials: A review. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 199:111509. [PMID: 33340933 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives are promising candidates for a variety of biological applications, among which, their anti-pathogenic properties are highly attractive due to the outstanding physicochemical characteristics of these novel nanomaterials. The antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal performances of graphene are increasingly becoming more important due to the pathogen's resistance to existing drugs. Despite this, the factors influencing the antibacterial activity of graphene nanomaterials, and consequently, the mechanisms involved are still controversial. This review aims to systematically summarize the literature, discussing various factors that affect the antibacterial performance of graphene materials, including the shape, size, functional group and the electrical conductivity of graphene flakes, as well as the concentration, contact time and the pH value of the graphene suspensions used in related microbial tests. We discuss the possible surface and edge interactions between bacterial cells and graphene nanomaterials, which cause antibacterial effects such as membrane/oxidative/photothermal stresses, charge transfer, entrapment and self-killing phenomena. This article reviews the anti-pathogenic activity of graphene nanomaterials, comprising their antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and biofilm-forming performance, with an emphasis on the antibacterial mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Seifi
- Energy and Environmental Materials Research Centre (E(2)MC), School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Ali Reza Kamali
- Energy and Environmental Materials Research Centre (E(2)MC), School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang G, Zeng S, Duan L, Zhang X, Wang L, Yang X, Li X, Lü W. The Dual Capacity Contribution Mechanism of SnSb‐Anchored Nitrogen‐Doped 3D Reduced Graphene Oxide Enhances the Performance of Sodium‐Ion Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoju Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun 130012 China
| | - Shuyi Zeng
- Department of Chemistry Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Lianfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun 130012 China
| | - Xueyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun 130012 China
| | - Liying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun 130012 China
| | - Xijia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun 130012 China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun 130012 China
| | - Wei Lü
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun 130012 China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Facile synthesis of new composite, Ag-Nps-loaded core/shell CdO/Co3O4 NPs, characterization and excellent performance in antibacterial activity. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
18
|
Ahmad MW, Dey B, Sammar AA, Choudhury A. Sulfonic-functionalized graphene oxide reinforced polyethersulfone nanocomposites with enhanced dielectric permittivity and EMI shielding effectiveness. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2020.1782228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Wasi Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Baban Dey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Alia Abdulshafi Sammar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Arup Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rajeswari R, Gurumallesh Prabu H. Palladium – Decorated reduced graphene oxide/zinc oxide nanocomposite for enhanced antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
20
|
A review on graphene based transition metal oxide composites and its application towards supercapacitor electrodes. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
|
21
|
Kumar P, Huo P, Zhang R, Liu B. Antibacterial Properties of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E737. [PMID: 31086043 PMCID: PMC6567318 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria mediated infections may cause various acute or chronic illnesses and antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria has become a serious health problem around the world due to their excessive use or misuse. Replacement of existing antibacterial agents with a novel and efficient alternative is the immediate demand to alleviate this problem. Graphene-based materials have been exquisitely studied because of their remarkable bactericidal activity on a wide range of bacteria. Graphene-based materials provide advantages of easy preparation, renewable, unique catalytic properties, and exceptional physical properties such as a large specific surface area and mechanical strength. However, several queries related to the mechanism of action, significance of size and composition toward bacterial activity, toxicity criteria, and other issues are needed to be addressed. This review summarizes the recent efforts that have been made so far toward the development of graphene-based antibacterial materials to face current challenges to combat against the bacterial targets. This review describes the inherent antibacterial activity of graphene-family and recent advances that have been made on graphene-based antibacterial materials covering the functionalization with silver nanoparticles, other metal ions/oxides nanoparticles, polymers, antibiotics, and enzymes along with their multicomponent functionalization. Furthermore, the review describes the biosafety of the graphene-based antibacterial materials. It is hoped that this review will provide valuable current insight and excite new ideas for the further development of safe and efficient graphene-based antibacterial materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Xincun West Road 266, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Peipei Huo
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Xincun West Road 266, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Rongzhao Zhang
- Analysis and Testing Center, Shandong University of Technology, Xincun West Road 266, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Xincun West Road 266, Zibo 255000, China.
| |
Collapse
|