1
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Grewal R, Ortega GA, Geng F, Srinivasan S, Rajabzadeh AR. Label-free electrochemical detection of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and C-reactive protein (CRP) to predict the maturation of coronary heart disease due to diabetes. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 159:108743. [PMID: 38788312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The pathophysiological link between diabetes and heightened propensity for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) is well-established. Prevailing evidence confirms that small increases in low concentrations of high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the human body can determine the tendency of developing CHD. Additionally, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a well-recognized biomarker to evaluate diabetes progression. Given the positive correlation between diabetes and CHD, this research presents a notably unprecedented label-free electrochemical approach for the dual detection of %HbA1c regarding Total Hb and hs-CRP, facilitating early CHD prediction and cost-effective point-of-care diagnostics. Furthermore, a novel redox probe O-(4-Nitrophenylphosphoryl)choline (C11H17N2O6P) was used for the electrochemical detection of CRP, a method not documented in scientific literature before. The calibration curves demonstrate a limit of detection (LOD) of 5 mg/mL in PBS (pH 8) and 6 mg/mL in simulated blood (SB) for a linear range of 0-30 mg/mL of HbA1c. Conjointly, a LOD of 0.007 mg/mL and 0.008 mg/mL for measurement in PBS (pH 7.4) and SB are reported for a linear range of 0-0.05 mg/mL of CRP. The electrochemical systems presented could accurately quantify HbA1c and CRP in mixed samples, demonstrating reasonable specificity and practical applicability for complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehmat Grewal
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Greter A Ortega
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Fei Geng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada; School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Seshasai Srinivasan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada; School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Amin Reza Rajabzadeh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada; School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.
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2
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Su Y, Xia C, Zhang H, Gan W, Zhang GQ, Yang Z, Li D. Emerging biosensor probes for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) detection. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:300. [PMID: 38709399 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), originating from the non-enzymatic glycosylation of βVal1 residues in hemoglobin (Hb), is an essential biomarker indicating average blood glucose levels over a period of 2 to 3 months without external environmental disturbances, thereby serving as the gold standard in the management of diabetes instead of blood glucose testing. The emergence of HbA1c biosensors presents affordable, readily available options for glycemic monitoring, offering significant benefits to small-scale laboratories and clinics. Utilizing nanomaterials coupled with high-specificity probes as integral components for recognition, labeling, and signal transduction, these sensors demonstrate exceptional sensitivity and selectivity in HbA1c detection. This review mainly focuses on the emerging probes and strategies integral to HbA1c sensor development. We discussed the advantages and limitations of various probes in sensor construction as well as recent advances in diverse sensing strategies for HbA1c measurement and their potential clinical applications, highlighting the critical gaps in current technologies and future needs in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Key Laboratory of DrugTargeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengen Xia
- Key Laboratory of DrugTargeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guo-Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Yang
- Key Laboratory of DrugTargeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of DrugTargeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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3
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Zheng Y, Cen Y, Du T, Zhu D, Su S, Wang L. A three-in-one point-of-care electrochemical sensing platform for accurate monitoring of diabetes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3942-3945. [PMID: 38497772 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
A three-in-one electrochemical sensing platform was designed for the simultaneous detection of total hemoglobin (tHb), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and HbA1c% by using a dual-aptamer sensing strategy. The developed sensing platform exhibits excellent sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability and long-term stability, and holds promising prospects in the early diagnosis and long-term monitoring of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yingying Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Tianchen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Dan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Lianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
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4
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Cossettini A, Pasquardini L, Romani A, Feriani A, Pinamonti D, Manzano M. Computational aptamer design for spike glycoprotein (S) (SARS CoV-2) detection with an electrochemical aptasensor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:259. [PMID: 38470514 PMCID: PMC10933206 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13066-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
A new bioinformatic platform (APTERION) was used to design in a short time and with high specificity an aptamer for the detection of the spike protein, a structural protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The aptamer concentration on the carbon electrode surface was optimized using static contact angle and fluorescence method, while specificity was tested using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) associated to carbon screen-printed electrodes. The data obtained demonstrated the good features of the aptamer which could be used to create a rapid method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. In fact, it is specific for spike also when tested against bovine serum albumin and lysozyme, competitor proteins if saliva is used as sample to test for the virus presence. Spectrofluorometric characterization allowed to measure the amount of aptamer present on the carbon electrode surface, while DPV measurements proved the affinity of the aptamer towards the spike protein and gave quantitative results. The acquired data allowed to conclude that the APTERION bioinformatic platform is a good method for aptamer design for rapidity and specificity. KEY POINTS: • Spike protein detection using an electrochemical biosensor • Aptamer characterization by contact angle and fluorescent measurements on electrode surface • Computational design of specific aptamers to speed up the aptameric sequence time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cossettini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | | | | | - Aldo Feriani
- Arta Peptidion srls, Via Quasimodo 11, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Debora Pinamonti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Marisa Manzano
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100, Udine, Italy.
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Mulyani DE, Maksum IP. Detection of Biomarker Using Aptasensors to Determine the Type of Diabetes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2035. [PMID: 37370930 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13122035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. This disease is so serious that many experts refer to it as the "silent killer". The early detection of diabetes mellitus, whether type 1, type 2 or mitochondrial, is crucial because it can improve the success of treatment and the quality of life for patients. Aptamer-based biosensor diagnosis methods have been widely developed because they have high sensitivity and selectivity in detecting biomarkers of various diseases. Aptamers are short sequences of oligonucleotides or proteins that recognize specific ligands and bind to various target molecules, ranging from small ions to large proteins. They are promising diagnostic molecules due to their high sensitivity and selectivity, ease of modification, low toxicity, and high stability. This article aims to summarize the progress of detection methods, including detection principles, sensitivity, selectivity, and the performance of detection devices, to distinguish between types of diabetes mellitus using electrochemical aptasensors with biomarkers such as glucose, insulin, HbA1c, GHSA, and ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinda Exelsa Mulyani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Iman Permana Maksum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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6
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Abedi R, Bakhsh Raoof J, Mohseni M, Bagheri Hashkavayi A. Sandwich-Type Electrochemical Aptasensor for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bacteria Using a Dual Signal Amplification Strategy. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 150:108332. [PMID: 36493674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical aptasensor developed to realize the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteria based on a signal amplification strategy. The carbon screen-printed electrode (CSPE) surface was modified by MIL-101(Cr)/Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), which significantly increased the effective surface area of the electrode, thus resulting in further F23 aptamer immobilization at the surface of the modified electrode. As a result, the P. aeruginosa can be efficiently captured onto the surface of the aptasensor. Moreover, aptamer immobilized on the two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride complex with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs/c-g-C3N4/Apt) was used as an electrochemical signal label, connected to P. aeruginosa bacteria at the modified electrode. This strategy increased the aptamer surface density and the sensitivity for detecting P. aeruginosa. Also, the resultant material was thoroughly characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis techniques. A highly sensitive voltammetric aptasensor for P. aeruginosa detection was obtained via this strategy at the limit of detection of 1 Colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL (σ = 3). Therefore, this proposed strategy with dual signal amplification can be a promising platform for simple, practical, reliable, and sensitive method for P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokhsareh Abedi
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Jahan Bakhsh Raoof
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Mohseni
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Ayemeh Bagheri Hashkavayi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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7
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Mandali PK, Prabakaran A, Annadurai K, Krishnan UM. Trends in Quantification of HbA1c Using Electrochemical and Point-of-Care Analyzers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1901. [PMID: 36850502 PMCID: PMC9965793 DOI: 10.3390/s23041901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), one of the many variants of hemoglobin (Hb), serves as a standard biomarker of diabetes, as it assesses the long-term glycemic status of the individual for the previous 90-120 days. HbA1c levels in blood are stable and do not fluctuate when compared to the random blood glucose levels. The normal level of HbA1c is 4-6.0%, while concentrations > 6.5% denote diabetes. Conventionally, HbA1c is measured using techniques such as chromatography, spectroscopy, immunoassays, capillary electrophoresis, fluorometry, etc., that are time-consuming, expensive, and involve complex procedures and skilled personnel. These limitations have spurred development of sensors incorporating nanostructured materials that can aid in specific and accurate quantification of HbA1c. Various chemical and biological sensing elements with and without nanoparticle interfaces have been explored for HbA1c detection. Attempts are underway to improve the detection speed, increase accuracy, and reduce sample volumes and detection costs through different combinations of nanomaterials, interfaces, capture elements, and measurement techniques. This review elaborates on the recent advances in the realm of electrochemical detection for HbA1c detection. It also discusses the emerging trends and challenges in the fabrication of effective, accurate, and cost-effective point-of-care (PoC) devices for HbA1c and the potential way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Mandali
- Centre for Nanotechnology& Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | - Amrish Prabakaran
- Centre for Nanotechnology& Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | - Kasthuri Annadurai
- Centre for Nanotechnology& Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- School of Arts, Sciences, Humanities & Education, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology& Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- School of Arts, Sciences, Humanities & Education, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
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8
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Mohammadinejad A, Heydari M, Kazemi Oskuee R, Rezayi M. A Critical Systematic Review of Developing Aptasensors for Diagnosis and Detection of Diabetes Biomarkers. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 52:1795-1817. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1919986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mohammadinejad
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Heydari
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Zhao Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L, Xu J, Zhan Z, Zhang G, Li WJ. Glycated Hemoglobin Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on Screen-Printed Electrode. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:902. [PMID: 36291040 PMCID: PMC9599171 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical HbA1c sensor with high sensitivity and good specificity is proposed based on the electrochemical immune principle. The reproducibility and conductivity of the electrode are improved by depositing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the surface of the screen-printed electrode (SPE). The HbA1c antibodies are immobilized on the surface of the modified electrode by adsorption to capture the HbA1c in the sample. The hindering effect of HbA1c on the electrode transfer reaction was exploited as the HbA1c detection mechanism. The electrode's properties were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the measurement properties of the electrode were analyzed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The experimental results show that the peak current signal of the electrochemical immunosensor produced a linear response to HbA1c in the concentration range of 20-200 μg/mL, a linear relationship coefficient of 0.9812, a detection limit of 15.5 µg/mL, and a sensitivity of 0.0938 µA/µg·mL-1. The sensor delivered satisfactory repeatability, stability, and anti-interference performance. Due to its small size, high sensitivity, and wide linear detection range, it is expected to play a significant role in managing diabetes at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Zhao
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiaoai Wang
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Measurement and Testing, Dalian 116033, China
| | - Jianghong Xu
- Qinhuangdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhikun Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Guanglie Zhang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wen Jung Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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Noviana E, Siswanto S, Budi Hastuti AAM. Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for Determination of Glycated Hemoglobin. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:CTMC-EPUB-126335. [PMID: 36111762 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220915114646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major public health burden whose prevalence has been steadily increasing over the past decades. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is currently the gold standard for diagnostics and monitoring glycemic control in diabetes patients. HbA1c biosensors are often considered to be cost-effective alternatives for smaller testing laboratories or clinics unable to access other reference methods. Many of these sensors deploy nanomaterials as recognition elements, detection labels, and/or transducers for achieving sensitive and selective detection of HbA1c. Nanomaterials have emerged as important sensor components due to their excellent optical and electrical properties, tunable morphologies, and easy integration into multiple sensing platforms. In this review, we discuss the advantages of using nanomaterials to construct HbA1c sensors and various sensing strategies for HbA1c measurements. Key gaps between the current technologies with what is needed moving forward are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eka Noviana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
- Research Center for Drug Targeting and Personalized Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Soni Siswanto
- Research Center for Drug Targeting and Personalized Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Agustina Ari Murti Budi Hastuti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence Institute for Halal Industry and Systems (PUI-PT IHIS), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
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11
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Ye Q, Zhang Z, Liu J, Wang X. Screen-printed electrode-based biosensors modified with functional nucleic acid probes and their applications in this pandemic age: a review. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2961-2975. [PMID: 35913361 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00666a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical methodology has probably been the most used sensing platform in the past few years as they provide superior advantages. In particular, screen-printed electrode (SPE)-based sensing applications stand out as they provide extraordinary miniaturized but robust and user-friendly detection system. In this context, we are focusing on the modification of SPE with functional nucleic acid probes and nanostructures to improve the electrochemical detection performance in versatile sensing applications, particularly in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Aptamers are immobilized on the electrode surface to detect non-nucleic acid targets and complementary probes to recognize and capture nucleic acid targets. In a step further, SPE-based biosensors with the modification of self-assembled DNA nanostructures are emphasized as they offer great potential for the interface engineering of the electrode surface and promote the excellent performance of various interface reactions. By equipping with a portable potentiostat and a smartphone monitoring device, the realization of this SPE-based miniaturized diagnostic system for the further requirement of fast and POC detection is revealed. Finally, more novel and excellent works are previewed and future perspectives in this field are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Ye
- Precision Medicine Center, Beilun People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital Beilun Branch, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315806, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenqi Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center, Beilun People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital Beilun Branch, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315806, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Precision Medicine Center, Beilun People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital Beilun Branch, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315806, P. R. China.
| | - Xuyao Wang
- Precision Medicine Center, Beilun People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital Beilun Branch, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315806, P. R. China.
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12
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Davydova A, Vorobyeva M. Aptamer-Based Biosensors for the Colorimetric Detection of Blood Biomarkers: Paving the Way to Clinical Laboratory Testing. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071606. [PMID: 35884911 PMCID: PMC9313021 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical diagnostics for human diseases rely largely on enzyme immunoassays for the detection of blood biomarkers. Nevertheless, antibody-based test systems have a number of shortcomings that have stimulated a search for alternative diagnostic assays. Oligonucleotide aptamers are now considered as promising molecular recognizing elements for biosensors (aptasensors) due to their high affinity and specificity of target binding. At the moment, a huge variety of aptasensors have been engineered for the detection of various analytes, especially disease biomarkers. However, despite their great potential and excellent characteristics in model systems, only a few of these aptamer-based assays have been translated into practice as diagnostic kits. Here, we will review the current progress in the engineering of aptamer-based colorimetric assays as the most suitable format for clinical lab diagnostics. In particular, we will focus on aptasensors for the detection of blood biomarkers of cardiovascular, malignant, and neurodegenerative diseases along with common inflammation biomarkers. We will also analyze the main obstacles that have to be overcome before aptamer test systems can become tantamount to ELISA for clinical diagnosis purposes.
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13
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Zhan Z, Li Y, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Wang Z, Fu B, Li WJ. A Review of Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Glycated Hemoglobin. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040221. [PMID: 35448281 PMCID: PMC9024622 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the gold standard for measuring glucose levels in the diagnosis of diabetes due to the excellent stability and reliability of this biomarker. HbA1c is a stable glycated protein formed by the reaction of glucose with hemoglobin (Hb) in red blood cells, which reflects average glucose levels over a period of two to three months without suffering from the disturbance of the outside environment. A number of simple, high-efficiency, and sensitive electrochemical sensors have been developed for the detection of HbA1c. This review aims to highlight current methods and trends in electrochemistry for HbA1c monitoring. The target analytes of electrochemical HbA1c sensors are usually HbA1c or fructosyl valine/fructosyl valine histidine (FV/FVH, the hydrolyzed product of HbA1c). When HbA1c is the target analyte, a sensor works to selectively bind to specific HbA1c regions and then determines the concentration of HbA1c through the quantitative transformation of weak electrical signals such as current, potential, and impedance. When FV/FVH is the target analyte, a sensor is used to indirectly determine HbA1c by detecting FV/FVH when it is hydrolyzed by fructosyl amino acid oxidase (FAO), fructosyl peptide oxidase (FPOX), or a molecularly imprinted catalyst (MIC). Then, a current proportional to the concentration of HbA1c can be produced. In this paper, we review a variety of representative electrochemical HbA1c sensors developed in recent years and elaborate on their operational principles, performance, and promising future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Zhan
- School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (W.J.L.)
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Boya Fu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Wen Jung Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (W.J.L.)
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Fritea L, Banica F, Costea TO, Moldovan L, Dobjanschi L, Muresan M, Cavalu S. Metal Nanoparticles and Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Improved Performances of Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors with Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6319. [PMID: 34771844 PMCID: PMC8585379 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring human health for early detection of disease conditions or health disorders is of major clinical importance for maintaining a healthy life. Sensors are small devices employed for qualitative and quantitative determination of various analytes by monitoring their properties using a certain transduction method. A "real-time" biosensor includes a biological recognition receptor (such as an antibody, enzyme, nucleic acid or whole cell) and a transducer to convert the biological binding event to a detectable signal, which is read out indicating both the presence and concentration of the analyte molecule. A wide range of specific analytes with biomedical significance at ultralow concentration can be sensitively detected. In nano(bio)sensors, nanoparticles (NPs) are incorporated into the (bio)sensor design by attachment to the suitably modified platforms. For this purpose, metal nanoparticles have many advantageous properties making them useful in the transducer component of the (bio)sensors. Gold, silver and platinum NPs have been the most popular ones, each form of these metallic NPs exhibiting special surface and interface features, which significantly improve the biocompatibility and transduction of the (bio)sensor compared to the same process in the absence of these NPs. This comprehensive review is focused on the main types of NPs used for electrochemical (bio)sensors design, especially screen-printed electrodes, with their specific medical application due to their improved analytical performances and miniaturized form. Other advantages such as supporting real-time decision and rapid manipulation are pointed out. A special attention is paid to carbon-based nanomaterials (especially carbon nanotubes and graphene), used by themselves or decorated with metal nanoparticles, with excellent features such as high surface area, excellent conductivity, effective catalytic properties and biocompatibility, which confer to these hybrid nanocomposites a wide biomedical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Fritea
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 Decembrie, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.F.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Florin Banica
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 Decembrie, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.F.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Traian Octavian Costea
- Advanced Materials Research Infrastructure—SMARTMAT, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Liviu Moldovan
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Luciana Dobjanschi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 Decembrie, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.F.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Mariana Muresan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 Decembrie, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.F.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 Decembrie, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.F.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (S.C.)
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15
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Alagarsamy KN, Mathan S, Yan W, Rafieerad A, Sekaran S, Manego H, Dhingra S. Carbon nanomaterials for cardiovascular theranostics: Promises and challenges. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2261-2280. [PMID: 33553814 PMCID: PMC7829079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Heart attack and stroke cause irreversible tissue damage. The currently available treatment options are limited to "damage-control" rather than tissue repair. The recent advances in nanomaterials have offered novel approaches to restore tissue function after injury. In particular, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have shown significant promise to bridge the gap in clinical translation of biomaterial based therapies. This family of carbon allotropes (including graphenes, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes) have unique physiochemical properties, including exceptional mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, chemical behaviour, thermal stability and optical properties. These intrinsic properties make CNMs ideal materials for use in cardiovascular theranostics. This review is focused on recent efforts in the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases using graphenes and carbon nanotubes. The first section introduces currently available derivatives of graphenes and carbon nanotubes and discusses some of the key characteristics of these materials. The second section covers their application in drug delivery, biosensors, tissue engineering and immunomodulation with a focus on cardiovascular applications. The final section discusses current shortcomings and limitations of CNMs in cardiovascular applications and reviews ongoing efforts to address these concerns and to bring CNMs from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Narayan Alagarsamy
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sajitha Mathan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Weiang Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Alireza Rafieerad
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Saravanan Sekaran
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hanna Manego
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sanjiv Dhingra
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Mandani S, Rezaei B, Ensafi AA, Rezaei P. Ultrasensitive electrochemical molecularly imprinted sensor based on AuE/Ag-MOF@MC for determination of hemoglobin using response surface methodology. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4895-4906. [PMID: 34236471 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Considering the importance of determining the levels of hemoglobin (Hb) as a vital protein in red blood cells, in this work a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor was developed based on a gold electrode (AuE) modified with Ag metal-organic framework mesoporous carbon (Ag-MOF@MC) and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). To that end, the MIP layer was formed on the Ag-MOF@MC by implanting Hb as the pattern molecule during the polymerization. The modified electrode was designed using electrochemical approaches including differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Using a response level experimental design method, the most important parameters affecting the reaction of the sensing system including pH, incubation time, and scanning rate were optimized. Following the same route, the Hb concentration, pH, temperature, and elution times were optimized to prepare the imprinted polymer layer on the Ag-MOF@MC surface. By exploiting DPV techniques based on the optimal parameters, the electrochemical response of the AuE/Ag-MOF@MC-MIPs for Hb determination was recorded in a wide linear dynamic range (LDR) of 0.2 pM to 1000 nM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.09 pM. Moreover, the Ag-MOF@MC-MIP sensing system showed good stability, high selectivity, and acceptable reproducibility for Hb determination. The sensing system was successfully applied for Hb determination in real blood samples, and the results were compared with those of the standard methods for Hb determination. Acceptable recovery (99.0%) and RDS% (4.6%) confirmed the applicability and reliability of the designed Hb sensing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudabe Mandani
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Behzad Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Ali Asghar Ensafi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Parisa Rezaei
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81745-33871, Iran
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Plane Animation Simulation of the Interaction between Carbon Nanomaterials and Cell Lysosomes. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/1980826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the continuous development of cell dynamics, Raman scattering has become more and more common in the application of cell imaging and dynamic changes in chemical substances. This research mainly discusses the plane animation simulation process of the interaction between carbon nanomaterials and cell lysosomes. Twenty parallel HeLa cells were seeded on 40 mm imaging scaffolds. The 15% bovine placental serum cell culture cells are placed in a thermostat for 12 hours at a CO2 concentration of 6%. After washing 4 times, 20 μL of the dual control system is added to the confocal dish, and cycle optimization culture is performed at 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours. It is incubated for 10 hours, 20 hours, and 30 hours (35°C, 6% CO2). Next, the HeLa cells were taken out and seeded on three 30 mm confocal cell culture dishes. CCl4 is added to the initial confocal Petri dish. After heating for 30 minutes, the nanoparticle system is added to the two confocal Petri dishes and circulated within an appropriate time. After washing with PBS, the SERS signal in the cells was imaged with a laser confocal Raman microscope, and the excitation channels were GFP 475 and Cy3 channels. LysoTrackerRed (2p μM) was used for local experiments of cell isotope. Deoxygen (2p μM) was used to induce cell death, and the pH changes in lysosomes in cells were imaged in real time with a confocal microscope. Two distinct peaks in the Raman spectrum were observed at 1246 cm−1 and 1543 cm−1. The research results show that the carbon nanomaterial synthesized by a simple method at room temperature has high stability and is suitable for analysis and detection of imaging with cells as the target.
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18
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Pérez-Fernández B, Costa-García A, Muñiz ADLE. Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Pesticides Detection Using Screen-Printed Electrodes. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E32. [PMID: 32252430 PMCID: PMC7236603 DOI: 10.3390/bios10040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are among the most important contaminants in food, leading to important global health problems. While conventional techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have traditionally been utilized for the detection of such food contaminants, they are relatively expensive, time-consuming and labor intensive, limiting their use for point-of-care (POC) applications. Electrochemical (bio)sensors are emerging devices meeting such expectations, since they represent reliable, simple, cheap, portable, selective and easy to use analytical tools that can be used outside the laboratories by non-specialized personnel. Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) stand out from the variety of transducers used in electrochemical (bio)sensing because of their small size, high integration, low cost and ability to measure in few microliters of sample. In this context, in this review article, we summarize and discuss about the use of SPEs as analytical tools in the development of (bio)sensors for pesticides of interest for food control. Finally, aspects related to the analytical performance of the developed (bio)sensors together with prospects for future improvements are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alfredo de la Escosura- Muñiz
- NanoBioAnalysis Group-Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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19
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Sasal A, Tyszczuk-Rotko K. Screen-printed sensor for determination of sildenafil citrate in pharmaceutical preparations and biological samples. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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