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Vilella T, Rodríguez D, Fargas G. Additive manufacturing of Ni-free Ti-based shape memory alloys: A review. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 158:213774. [PMID: 38237321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Ni-free Ti-based Shape Memory Alloys composed of non-toxic elements have been studied as promising candidates for biomedical applications. However, high tool wear makes them complex to manufacture with conventional techniques. In this way, Additive Manufacturing technologies allow to fabricate complex three-dimensional structures overcoming their poor workability. Control of composition, porosity, microstructure, texture and processing are the key challenges for developing Ni-free Ti-based Shape Memory Alloys. This article reviews various studies conducted on the Additive Manufacturing of Ni-free Ti-based shape memory alloys, including their processing, microstructures and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tània Vilella
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona-Tech (UPC), Campus Diagonal Besòs-EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; CIEFMA-Department of Materials Science, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona-Tech (UPC), Campus Diagonal Besòs-EEBE, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona-Tech, Campus Diagonal Besòs-EEBE, Barcelona 08019, Spain.
| | - Daniel Rodríguez
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona-Tech (UPC), Campus Diagonal Besòs-EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona-Tech, Campus Diagonal Besòs-EEBE, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Gemma Fargas
- CIEFMA-Department of Materials Science, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona-Tech (UPC), Campus Diagonal Besòs-EEBE, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona-Tech, Campus Diagonal Besòs-EEBE, Barcelona 08019, Spain
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Kong W, Cox SC, Lu Y, Villapun V, Xiao X, Ma W, Liu M, Attallah MM. Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical Properties, and Preosteoblast Cell Response of a Post-Processing-Treated TNT5Zr β Ti Alloy Manufactured via Selective Laser Melting. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2336-2348. [PMID: 35537190 PMCID: PMC9198984 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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A Ti–34Nb–13Ta–5Zr
(TNT5Zr) β Ti alloy
with a high strength-to-modulus ratio has been developed, showing
its potential to become another candidate material in load-bearing
implant applications. This work mainly investigates the microstructural
evolution, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of a post-processing-treated
TNT5Zr alloy manufactured via selective laser melting (SLM). Transmission
electron microscopy observation shows the existence of the single
beta grain matrix and alpha precipitates along the grain boundary
in the SLM + HIP manufactured TNT5Zr alloy (TNT5Zr-AF + HIP), and
ellipsoidal nano-sized intragranular α″ precipitates
(approx. 5–10 nm) were introduced after the subsequent low-temperature
aging treatment. The precipitation strengthening enables the SLM +
HIP + aging manufactured TNT5Zr (TNT5Zr-AF + HIPA) alloy to show a
comparable ultimate tensile strength (853 ± 9 MPa) to that of
the reference material (Ti64-AF + HIP, 926 ± 23 MPa). Including
the inferior notch-like surface of the test pieces, the slip-band
cracking that occurs in this ductile TNT5Zr-AF + HIPA alloy is regarded
as the main factor in determining its fatigue strength (170 MPa). In vitro short-term biocompatibility evaluation reveals
almost no significant difference in the preosteoblast viability, differentiation,
and mineralization between TNT5Zr-AF + HIPA and the reference biomaterial
(Ti64-AF + HIP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuan Kong
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Sophie C Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Yu Lu
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Victor Villapun
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Xiaoling Xiao
- Guangdong Institute of Analysis, Guangzhou 510651, PR China
| | - Wenyou Ma
- Guangdong Institute of New Materials, Guangzhou 510651, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- Guangdong Institute of New Materials, Guangzhou 510651, PR China
| | - Moataz M Attallah
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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