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Ghasemi R, Lotfali E, Rezaei K, Madinehzad SA, Tafti MF, Aliabadi N, Kouhsari E, Fattahi M. Meyerozyma guilliermondii species complex: review of current epidemiology, antifungal resistance, and mechanisms. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1761-1779. [PMID: 36306113 PMCID: PMC9679122 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Meyerozyma guilliermondii has been accepted as a complex composed of Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Meyerozyma carpophila, and Meyerozyma caribbica. M. guilliermondii is a saprophyte detected on human mucosa and skin. It can lead to serious infections in patients with risk factors like chemotherapy, immunodeficiency, gastrointestinal or cardiovascular surgery, and oncology disorders. Most deaths related to M. guilliermondii infections occur in individuals with malignancy. In recent decades, incidence of M. guilliermondii infections is increased. Sensitivity of this microorganism to conventional antifungals (e.g., amphotericin B, fluconazole, micafungin and anidulafungin) was reduced. Prophylactic and empirical uses of these drugs are linked to elevated minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of M. guilliermondii. Drug resistance has concerned many researchers across the world. They are attempting to discover appropriate solution to combat this challenge. This study reviews the most important mechanisms of resistance to antifungals developed by in M. guilliermondii species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Lotfali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Rezaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ataollah Madinehzad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Falah Tafti
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikta Aliabadi
- Microbiology Department Islamic, Azad University Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Kouhsari
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Fattahi
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Shirvani F, Behzad A, Abdollahi N, Mohkam M, Sharifian M, Esfandiar N, Fallah F. Frequency and co-colonization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci and Candida in ICU-hospitalized children. New Microbes New Infect 2021; 41:100881. [PMID: 34026230 PMCID: PMC8121691 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the time span between January 2018 and September 2020, 205 patients were enrolled in a prospective cohort study at Mofid Children's Hospital. Demographic information and clinical data on all the participating children were collected and rectal swabs were performed for the sampling method. All samples were analysed so as to identify the presence of Enterococcus and Candida colonization by the use of conventional biochemical tests. Resistance to vancomycin in Enterococcus isolates was phenotypically identified using an E-test kit and MIC value, interpreted according to the CLSI criteria. The presence of vanA and vanB genes, which encode the resistance to vancomycin, was screened by PCR assay. Candida species were detected in 21.5% of rectal swab samples. Candida glabrata (56.8%) and Candida albicans (43.2%) were the only Candida species detected. Enterococcus species were detected in 29.3% of rectal swab samples. Out of 60 Enterococcus isolates, 33 (55%) were resistant to vancomycin. Moreover, vanA was detected in 84.8% and vanB was detected in 3% of the 33 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates. Enterococcus and Candida species were frequently detected in the <1 year and 1–3 years age groups, respectively. Central venous access catheter and brain tumour were the main reasons for hospital admissions, 32.2% and 20.1% of total admissions, respectively. Furthermore, it must be noted that the most frequent underlying medical conditions in participating patients were esophageal atresia and hydrocephalus. The results of the present study demonstrated the necessity of determining the susceptibility of Enterococcus isolates to vancomycin before prescribing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Shirvani
- Paediatric Infections Research Centre, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Behzad
- Paediatric Intensive Care Department, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Abdollahi
- Paediatric Infections Research Centre, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Mohkam
- Paediatric Nephrology Research Centre, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Sharifian
- Paediatric Nephrology Research Centre, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Esfandiar
- Paediatric Nephrology Research Centre, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Fallah
- Paediatric Infections Research Centre, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ghazi S, Rafei R, Osman M, El Safadi D, Mallat H, Papon N, Dabboussi F, Bouchara JP, Hamze M. The epidemiology of Candida species in the Middle East and North Africa. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:245-252. [PMID: 31400864 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the epidemiology of invasive candidiasis (IC) has progressively changed worldwide. This notably includes emergence of several Candida species. Although some surveillance programs provided global trends in IC epidemiology, data from countries from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) remain scarce. In this manuscript, we reviewed the existing available data on the epidemiology of Candida species associated with IC, particularly candidemia, in MENA region regarding species distribution. As witnessed worldwide, an evident shift of Candidaalbicans towards non-albicansCandida (NAC) has been observed in the MENA region. The worrying emergence of multi-drug resistant Candida species in MENA calls for a better understanding of their epidemiology. This represents an essential prerequisite for the implementation of effective infection control strategies and surveillance systems to prevent IC among high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghazi
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - R Rafei
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - M Osman
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - D El Safadi
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - H Mallat
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - N Papon
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, GEIHP, EA 3142, SFR ICAT 4208, UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Institut de Biologie en Santé, IRIS, CHU Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933 Angers cedex 9, France
| | - F Dabboussi
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - J-P Bouchara
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, GEIHP, EA 3142, SFR ICAT 4208, UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Institut de Biologie en Santé, IRIS, CHU Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933 Angers cedex 9, France
| | - M Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.
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Sriphannam C, Nuanmuang N, Saengsawang K, Amornthipayawong D, Kummasook A. Anti-fungal susceptibility and virulence factors of Candida spp. isolated from blood cultures. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:325-330. [PMID: 31447236 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Candidemia is one of the most common fungal nosocomial infections worldwide. It causes high mortality and morbidity rate with significant hospital costs due to increased length of hospital stay and costs for anti-fungal treatment. This study aims to investigate anti-fungal drug susceptibility, enzymatic activity and biofilm formation of the Candida spp. isolated from blood cultures. In 2016, a total of 84 clinical Candida isolates were analyzed for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against fluconazole and amphotericin B by agar diffusion E-test (E-strips). Three enzymatic activity tests for phospholipase, proteinase and esterase were performed by using egg yolk agar, bovine serum albumin medium and Tween 80 opacity medium, respectively. Biofilm formation was determined by crystal violet staining. To describing the various Candida distributions cultured, C. albicans was the most frequent species (n=37, 44.1%), followed by C. tropicalis (n=30, 35.7%), C. parapsilosis (n=8, 9.5%), C. glabrata (n=6, 7.1%) and C. guilliermondii (n=3, 3.6%). Regarding anti-fungal drug susceptibility, C. albicans was susceptible to fluconazole (100%). In addition, all clinical Candida isolates were fully susceptible to amphotericin B (100%). The predominant enzyme activity of C. albicans included medium to high levels of phospholipase, proteinase and esterase activities. C. tropicalis displayed esterase activity, while C. glabrata and C. guilliermondii had no phospholipase and proteinase activity. Non-albicans Candida (NAC) i.e. C. tropicalis formed a biofilm at a higher rate than C. albicans. This study revealed the production of virulent factors in Candida strains from candidemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sriphannam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, 65000 Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - N Nuanmuang
- Division of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, 56000 Phayao, Thailand
| | - K Saengsawang
- Clinical Pathology, Lampang Hospital, 280, Phahon Yothin Road, 52000 Muang Lampang, Thailand
| | - D Amornthipayawong
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Medical Technology Unit, Nan Hospital, 55000 Nan, Thailand
| | - A Kummasook
- Division of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, 56000 Phayao, Thailand.
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Wang H, Xu YC, Hsueh PR. Epidemiology of candidemia and antifungal susceptibility in invasive Candida species in the Asia-Pacific region. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:1461-1477. [PMID: 27750452 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Asia-Pacific region, Candida albicans is the predominant Candida species causing invasive candidiasis/candidemia in Australia, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand whereas C. tropicalis is the most frequently encountered Candida species in Pakistan and India. Invasive isolates of C. albicans, C. parapsilosis complex and C. tropicalis remain highly susceptible to fluconazole (>90% susceptible). Fluconazole resistance (6.8-15%), isolates with the non-wild-type phenotype for itraconazole susceptibility (3.9-10%) and voriconazole (5-17.8%), and echinocandin resistance (2.1-2.2% in anidulafungin and 2.2% in micafungin) among invasive C. glabrata complex isolates are increasing in prevalence. Moreover, not all isolates of C. tropicalis have been shown to be susceptible to fluconazole (nonsusceptible rate, 5.7-11.6% in China) or voriconazole (nonsusceptible rate, 5.7-9.6% in China).
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Chun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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