The development and validation of the Person-centred Practice Inventory-Student instrument: A modified Delphi study

The Person-centred Nursing Framework: a mid-range theory for nursing practice

Background

Person-centredness is a global movement in healthcare that prioritises the human experience. Person-centred care has a long association with nursing; however, the implementation of person-centredness as a philosophy of practice remains challenging and requires a sustained focus on the development of healthful workplace cultures.

Aim

This is a discussion paper that focuses on the theoretical development of person-centred nursing, drawing out the uniqueness of the Person-centred Nursing Framework (PCNF) to the discipline of nursing and its relevance as a middle-range theory for nursing practice.

Discussion

The PCNF highlights the complexity of person-centred nursing, and through the articulation of the key constructs, emphasises the contextual, attitudinal and moral dimensions of humanistic caring practices. The development of the framework as a means of operationalising person-centredness in practice has been integral to the establishment of a research programme spanning over two decades. The programme has privileged research that focuses on the implementation of person-centred nursing in a variety of healthcare contexts, illustrating outcomes that focus on enhanced care experience for both patients and nurses.

Conclusions

The theoretical development of nursing through the lens of the PCNF highlights the uniqueness of person-centredness to the discipline of nursing.

Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Spanish Version of the Person-Centred Practice Inventory-Staff (PCPI-S)

Background: Person-centredness, a global movement in healthcare, is consistent with international developments in healthcare policy. It is important to have instruments to measure person-centred care. The Person-Centred Practice Inventory-Staff (PCPI-S) is an internationally recognized instrument that aims to measure how healthcare staff experience person-centred practice. Aim: To perform the cultural adaptation and psychometric testing of a Spanish version of the PCPI-S (PCPI-S (Sp)). Method: A two-stage research design was implemented as follows: (1) the translation and cultural adaptation of the PCPI-S from English to Spanish using the "Translation and Cultural Adaptation of Patient Reported Outcomes Measures-Principles of Good Practice"; (2) a quantitative cross-sectional survey for the psychometric evaluation of the PCPI-S. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using the Kendall tau concordance coefficient, internal reliability was assessed through the ordinal theta (OT) coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the theoretical measurement model. Results: A Spanish version of the PCPI-S was obtained. There were no significant difficulties in the translation process or the consulting sessions. A sample of 287 healthcare professionals participated in the study at least once. All the items showed at least a fair level of test-retest reliability. The OT scores were adequate (>0.69). The model showed good to adequate levels of fit: CFI = 0.89, SRMR = 0.068; RMSEA = 0.060 with CI90% (0.056-0.063). Conclusions: The Spanish translation of the PCPI-S was psychometrically valid when tested with Spanish healthcare professionals. This instrument will help identify professionals' perceptions of person-centred practice, track the evolution of this practice over time, and assess interventions aimed at improving person-centred practice.

[Translation and transcultural adaptation of the Person-Centred Practice Inventory Staff (PCPI-S) for health professionals in Spain]

BACKGROUND

Person-centred practices - following national and international developments in health-care policies - have become a key approach in healthcare. The Person-Centred Practice Inventory - Staff is an instrument based on the theoretical framework Person-Centred Practice that focuses on the staff's perspective and how they experience person-centred practices. Here, the aim of this study is to obtain the first Spanish version of the PCPI-S translated and adapted into the Spanish context.

METHODS

The translation and adaptation of the instrument followed the Translation and Cultural Adaptation of Patient Reported Outcomes Measures - Principles of Good Practice, which included a consulting session with experts. Content validation measures on clarity and relevance were assessed for every item (I-CVI) and the survey as a whole (S-CVI/Ave).

RESULTS

No major difficulties were registered to reach an agreement on the 12 items that needed to be clarified. Regarding clarity and relevance. The validity index per item (I-CVI) obtained excellent scores for clarity in 53 items and for relevance in 59; the S-CVI/Ave showed excellent results (=90).

CONCLUSIONS

This first version of the Person-Centred Practice Inventory - Staff instrument adapted to the Spanish context is conceptually and semantically equivalent to the original one. This valuable tool will be of great help to identify the perception of healthcare professionals on person-centred practices.