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Li X, Zeng J, Liu N, Yang C, Tao B, Sun H, Gong Q, Zhang W, Li CSR, Lui S. Progressive alterations of resting-state hypothalamic dysconnectivity in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 135:111127. [PMID: 39181307 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypothalamus may be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Investigating hypothalamus dysfunction in schizophrenia and probing how it is related to symptoms and responds to antipsychotic medication is crucial for understanding the potential mechanism of hypothalamus dysfunction under the long-term illness. METHODS We recruited 216 patients with schizophrenia, including 140 antipsychotic-naïve first-episode patients (FES, including 44 patients with 1-year follow-up data), 76 chronically treated schizophrenia (CTS), and 210 healthy controls (HC). Hypothalamic seed-based functional connectivity (FC) was calculated and compared among the FES, CTS, and HC groups using analysis of covariance. Exploratory analysis was conducted between the FES patients at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. Significantly altered hypothalamic FCs were then related to clinical symptomology, while age- and illness-related regression analyses were also conducted and compared between diagnostic groups. RESULTS The FES patients showed decreased hypothalamic FCs with the midbrain and right thalamus, whereas the CTS patients showed more severe decreased hypothalamic FCs with the midbrain, right thalamus, left putamen, right caudate, and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex compared to HCs. These abnormalities were not correlated to the symptomology or illness duration, or not reversed by the antipsychotic treatment. Age-related hypothalamic FC decrease was also identified in the abovementioned regions, and a faster age-related decline of the hypothalamic FC was observed with the left putamen and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSION Age-related hypothalamic FC decrease extends the functional alterations that characterize the neurodegenerative nature of schizophrenia. Future studies are required to further probe the hormonal or endocrinal underpinnings of such alterations and trace the precise progressive trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Zeng
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Naici Liu
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengmin Yang
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
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Yamashita M, Shimokawa T, Tanemura R. Default mode network-associated intrinsic connectivity relates to individual learnability differences in errorless and trial-and-error learning. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024; 31:1144-1152. [PMID: 35998649 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2111518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic functional network architecture accounts for task-evoked brain activity changes and variabilities in cognitive performance. Relationships between the intrinsic functional network architecture and task performance or learning ability have been previously reported. However, the relationships between learning benefits and the characteristics of intrinsic functional network architecture for different types of learning methods remain unclear. In this study, we used graph theoretical analysis to examine the relationships between intrinsic functional network connectivity and learning benefits in two well-known learning methods in the field of cognitive rehabilitation-errorless learning (EL learning) and trial-and-error learning (T&E learning). We focused on the default mode network (DMN) as a task-relevant network, which can differentiate between EL and T&E learning and was found to be more important for T&E learning in a previous study. Participants performed a color-name association task with both learning methods. The graph metrics used were within-network connectivity and efficiency for the DMN. Within-DMN connectivity and DMN efficiency showed a significantly weak positive correlation with T&E scores but not with EL scores. These findings show that the intrinsic integration strength within the DMN relates to individuals' learnability through the T&E method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Yamashita
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences Discipline, Life and Medical Sciences Area, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shimokawa
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rumi Tanemura
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences Discipline, Life and Medical Sciences Area, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Biondi M, Marino M, Mantini D, Spironelli C. Unveiling altered connectivity between cognitive networks and cerebellum in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2024; 271:47-58. [PMID: 39013344 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive functioning is a crucial aspect in schizophrenia (SZ), and when altered it has devastating effects on patients' quality of life and treatment outcomes. Several studies suggested that they could result from altered communication between the cortex and cerebellum. However, the neural correlates underlying these impairments have not been identified. In this study, we investigated resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) in SZ patients, by considering the interactions between cortical networks supporting cognition and cerebellum. In addition, we investigated the relationship between SZ patients' rsFC and their symptoms. We used fMRI data from 74 SZ patients and 74 matched healthy controls (HC) downloaded from the publicly available database SchizConnect. We implemented a seed-based connectivity approach to identify altered functional connections between specific cortical networks and cerebellum. We considered ten commonly studied resting state networks, whose functioning encompasses specific cognitive functions, and the cerebellum, whose involvement in supporting cognition has been recently identified. We then explored the relationship between altered rsFC values and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores. The SZ group showed increased connectivity values compared with HC group for cortical networks involved in attentive processes, which were also linked to PANSS items describing attention and language-related processing. We also showed decreased connectivity between cerebellar regions, and increased connectivity between them and attentive networks, suggesting the contribution of cerebellum to attentive and affective deficits. In conclusion, our findings highlighted the link between negative symptoms in SZ and altered connectivity within the cerebellum and between the same and cortical networks supporting cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Marino
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy; Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dante Mantini
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Chiara Spironelli
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Italy; Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
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4
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Lee HJ, Park YM, Shim M. Differences in Functional Connectivity between Patients with Depression with and without Nonsuicidal Self-injury. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 22:451-457. [PMID: 39069684 PMCID: PMC11289610 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.23.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Objective : Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), which involves deliberate harm to body tissues without suicidal intent, represents an escalating clinical concern. We used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the differences in functional connectivity (FC) patterns in patients with depression with and without a history of NSSI. Methods : Seventy-seven patients with mood disorders experiencing major depressive episodes were categorized into NSSI (Group A; n = 31) and non-NSSI (Group B; n = 46) groups on the basis of their NSSI history. EEG data were collected and FC was analyzed using coherence (Coh), imaginary coherence (iCoh), and phase-locking value (PLV) metrics. Network indices based on graph theory were calculated. Demographic and clinical characteristics and scale scores were compared between groups A and B. Results : While the two groups showed no significant differences in demographic characteristics such as age and diagnosis, the Beck Depression Inventory and Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) scores were higher in Group A. Binary logistic regression analyses revealed associations of NSSI with sex and the SIQ score. We examined the connectivity of 1,326 pairs of signals across six frequency bands, yielding 7,956 signal pairs. The two groups showed no significant differences in the Coh, iCoh, corrected PLV, or network indices but showed significant differences in all the frequency bands when an uncorrected t test was used. Conclusion : In this study, FC differences in depression with and without NSSI were not observed. Further well-controlled research is expected to clarify neurobiological underpinnings and guide future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Miseon Shim
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Tech University of Korea, Siheung, Korea
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5
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Tang B, Yao L, Strawn JR, Zhang W, Lui S. Neurostructural, Neurofunctional, and Clinical Features of Chronic, Untreated Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae152. [PMID: 39212651 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Studies of individuals with chronic, untreated schizophrenia (CUS) can provide important insights into the natural course of schizophrenia and how antipsychotic pharmacotherapy affects neurobiological aspects of illness course and progression. We systematically review 17 studies on the neuroimaging, cognitive, and epidemiological aspects of CUS individuals. These studies were conducted at the Shanghai Mental Health Center, Institute of Mental Health at Peking University, and Huaxi MR Research Center between 2013 and 2021. CUS is associated with cognitive impairment, severe symptoms, and specific demographic characteristics and is different significantly from those observed in antipsychotic-treated individuals. Furthermore, CUS individuals have neurostructural and neurofunctional alterations in frontal and temporal regions, corpus callosum, subcortical, and visual processing areas, as well as default-mode and somatomotor networks. As the disease progresses, significant structural deteriorations occur, such as accelerated cortical thinning in frontal and temporal lobes, greater reduction in fractional anisotropy in the genu of corpus callosum, and decline in nodal metrics of gray mater network in thalamus, correlating with worsening cognitive deficits and clinical outcomes. In addition, striatal hypertrophy also occurs, independent of antipsychotic treatment. Contrasting with the negative neurostructural and neurofunctional effects of short-term antipsychotic treatment, long-term therapy frequently results in significant improvements. It notably enhances white matter integrity and the functions of key subcortical regions such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and striatum, potentially improving cognitive functions. This narrative review highlights the progressive neurobiological sequelae of CUS, the importance of early detection, and long-term treatment of schizophrenia, particularly because treatment may attenuate neurobiological deterioration and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqiu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jeffrey R Strawn
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Cattarinussi G, Grimaldi DA, Aarabi MH, Sambataro F. Static and Dynamic Dysconnectivity in Early Psychosis: Relationship With Symptom Dimensions. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae142. [PMID: 39212653 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Altered functional connectivity (FC) has been frequently reported in psychosis. Studying FC and its time-varying patterns in early-stage psychosis allows the investigation of the neural mechanisms of this disorder without the confounding effects of drug treatment or illness-related factors. STUDY DESIGN We employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to explore FC in individuals with early psychosis (EP), who also underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessments. 96 EP and 56 demographically matched healthy controls (HC) from the Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis database were included. Multivariate analyses using spatial group independent component analysis were used to compute static FC and dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC). Partial correlations between FC measures and clinical and cognitive variables were performed to test brain-behavior associations. STUDY RESULTS Compared to HC, EP showed higher static FC in the striatum and temporal, frontal, and parietal cortex, as well as lower FC in the frontal, parietal, and occipital gyrus. We found a negative correlation in EP between cognitive function and FC in the right striatum FC (pFWE = 0.009). All dFNC parameters, including dynamism and fluidity measures, were altered in EP, and positive symptoms were negatively correlated with the meta-state changes and the total distance (pFWE = 0.040 and pFWE = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the view that psychosis is characterized from the early stages by complex alterations in intrinsic static and dynamic FC, that may ultimately result in positive symptoms and cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cattarinussi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Mohammad Hadi Aarabi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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7
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Iraji A, Chen J, Lewis N, Faghiri A, Fu Z, Agcaoglu O, Kochunov P, Adhikari BM, Mathalon DH, Pearlson GD, Macciardi F, Preda A, van Erp TGM, Bustillo JR, Díaz-Caneja CM, Andrés-Camazón P, Dhamala M, Adali T, Calhoun VD. Spatial Dynamic Subspaces Encode Sex-Specific Schizophrenia Disruptions in Transient Network Overlap and Their Links to Genetic Risk. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 96:188-197. [PMID: 38070846 PMCID: PMC11156799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia research reveals sex differences in incidence, symptoms, genetic risk factors, and brain function. However, a knowledge gap remains regarding sex-specific schizophrenia alterations in brain function. Schizophrenia is considered a dysconnectivity syndrome, but the dynamic integration and segregation of brain networks are poorly understood. Recent advances in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging allow us to study spatial dynamics, the phenomenon of brain networks spatially evolving over time. Nevertheless, estimating time-resolved networks remains challenging due to low signal-to-noise ratio, limited short-time information, and uncertain network identification. METHODS We adapted a reference-informed network estimation technique to capture time-resolved networks and their dynamic spatial integration and segregation for 193 individuals with schizophrenia and 315 control participants. We focused on time-resolved spatial functional network connectivity, an estimate of network spatial coupling, to study sex-specific alterations in schizophrenia and their links to genomic data. RESULTS Our findings are consistent with the dysconnectivity and neurodevelopment hypotheses and with the cerebello-thalamo-cortical, triple-network, and frontoparietal dysconnectivity models, helping to unify them. The potential unification offers a new understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Notably, the posterior default mode/salience spatial functional network connectivity exhibits sex-specific schizophrenia alteration during the state with the highest global network integration and is correlated with genetic risk for schizophrenia. This dysfunction is reflected in regions with weak functional connectivity to corresponding networks. CONCLUSIONS Our method can effectively capture spatially dynamic networks, detect nuanced schizophrenia effects including sex-specific ones, and reveal the intricate relationship of dynamic information to genomic data. The results also underscore the clinical potential of dynamic spatial dependence and weak connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Iraji
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Noah Lewis
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ashkan Faghiri
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Oktay Agcaoglu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bhim M Adhikari
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; San Francisco Veteran Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Juan R Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Andrés-Camazón
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mukesh Dhamala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tulay Adali
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.
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He H, Long J, Song X, Li Q, Niu L, Peng L, Wei X, Zhang R. A connectome-wide association study of altered functional connectivity in schizophrenia based on resting-state fMRI. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:202-211. [PMID: 38924938 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity is a neuropathological feature of schizophrenia (SCZ). Prior investigations into functional connectivity abnormalities have primarily employed seed-based connectivity analysis, necessitating predefined seed locations. To address this limitation, a data-driven multivariate method known as connectome-wide association study (CWAS) has been proposed for exploring whole-brain functional connectivity. METHODS We conducted a CWAS analysis involving 46 patients with SCZ and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Multivariate distance matrix regression (MDMR) was utilized to identify key nodes in the brain. Subsequently, we conducted a follow-up seed-based connectivity analysis to elucidate specific connectivity patterns between regions of interest (ROIs). Additionally, we explored the spatial correlation between changes in functional connectivity and underlying molecular architectures by examining correlations between neurotransmitter/transporter distribution densities and functional connectivity. RESULTS MDMR revealed the right medial frontal gyrus and the left calcarine sulcus as two key nodes. Follow-up analysis unveiled hypoconnectivity between the right medial frontal superior gyrus and the right fusiform gyrus, as well as hypoconnectivity between the left calcarine sulcus and the right lingual gyrus in SCZ. Notably, a significant association between functional connectivity strength and positive symptom severity was identified. Furthermore, altered functional connectivity patterns suggested potential dysfunctions in the dopamine, serotonin, and gamma-aminobutyric acid systems. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidated reduced functional connectivity both within and between the medial frontal regions and the occipital cortex in patients with SCZ. Moreover, it indicated potential alterations in molecular architecture, thereby expanding current knowledge regarding neurobiological changes associated with SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei He
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixin Long
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Song
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Niu
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanxin Peng
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Wei
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ruibin Zhang
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PRC, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for PsychiatricDisorders, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Qingzhi Diseases, PR China.
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9
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Ward HB, Beermann A, Xie J, Yildiz G, Felix KM, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cadenhead K, Cannon TD, Cornblatt B, Keshavan M, Mathalon D, Perkins DO, Seidman L, Stone WS, Tsuang MT, Walker EF, Woods S, Coleman MJ, Bouix S, Holt DJ, Öngür D, Breier A, Shenton ME, Heckers S, Halko MA, Lewandowski KE, Brady RO. Robust Brain Correlates of Cognitive Performance in Psychosis and Its Prodrome. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01460-4. [PMID: 39032726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive impairment is a well-known phenomenon in schizophrenia that begins prior to psychosis onset. Connectome-wide association studies have inconsistently linked cognitive performance to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We hypothesized that a carefully selected cognitive instrument and refined population would allow identification of reliable brain-behavior associations with connectome-wide association studies. To test this hypothesis, we first identified brain-cognition correlations via a connectome-wide association study in early psychosis. We then asked, in an independent dataset, if these brain-cognition relationships would generalize to individuals who develop psychosis in the future. METHODS The Seidman Auditory Continuous Performance Task (ACPT) effectively differentiates healthy participants from those with psychosis. Our connectome-wide association study used the HCP-EP (Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis) (n = 183) to identify links between connectivity and ACPT performance. We then analyzed data from the NAPLS2 (North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study 2) (n = 345), a multisite prospective study of individuals at risk for psychosis. We tested the connectome-wide association study-identified cognition-connectivity relationship in both individuals at risk for psychosis and control participants. RESULTS Our connectome-wide association study in early-course psychosis identified robust associations between better ACPT performance and higher prefrontal-somatomotor connectivity (p < .005). Prefrontal-somatomotor connectivity was also related to ACPT performance in at-risk individuals who would develop psychosis (n = 17). This finding was not observed in nonconverters (n = 196) or control participants (n = 132). CONCLUSIONS This connectome-wide association study identified reproducible links between connectivity and cognition in separate samples of individuals with psychosis and at-risk individuals who would later develop psychosis. A carefully selected task and population improves the ability of connectome-wide association studies to identify reliable brain-phenotype relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Burrell Ward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Adam Beermann
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gulcan Yildiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kristin Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Barbara Cornblatt
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Glen Oaks, New York
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Larry Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William S Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Scott Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael J Coleman
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology, École de technologie supérieure, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daphne J Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dost Öngür
- McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan Breier
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark A Halko
- McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Roscoe O Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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10
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Abplanalp SJ, Braff DL, Light GA, Joshi YB, Nuechterlein KH, Green MF. Clarifying directional dependence among measures of early auditory processing and cognition in schizophrenia: leveraging Gaussian graphical models and Bayesian networks. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1930-1939. [PMID: 38287656 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research using latent variable models demonstrates that pre-attentive measures of early auditory processing (EAP) and cognition may initiate a cascading effect on daily functioning in schizophrenia. However, such models fail to account for relationships among individual measures of cognition and EAP, thereby limiting their utility. Hence, EAP and cognition may function as complementary and interacting measures of brain function rather than independent stages of information processing. Here, we apply a data-driven approach to identifying directional relationships among neurophysiologic and cognitive variables. METHODS Using data from the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia 2, we estimated Gaussian Graphical Models and Bayesian networks to examine undirected and directed connections between measures of EAP, including mismatch negativity and P3a, and cognition in 663 outpatients with schizophrenia and 630 control participants. RESULTS Chain structures emerged among EAP and attention/vigilance measures in schizophrenia and control groups. Concerning differences between the groups, object memory was an influential variable in schizophrenia upon which other cognitive domains depended, and working memory was an influential variable in controls. CONCLUSIONS Measures of EAP and attention/vigilance are conditionally independent of other cognitive domains that were used in this study. Findings also revealed additional causal assumptions among measures of cognition that could help guide statistical control and ultimately help identify early-stage targets or surrogate endpoints in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Abplanalp
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David L Braff
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gregory A Light
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yash B Joshi
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Keith H Nuechterlein
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael F Green
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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He Q, Li R, Zhong N, Ma J, Nie F, Zhang R. The role and molecular mechanisms of the early growth response 3 gene in schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2024; 195:e32969. [PMID: 38327141 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating mental illness caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors play a major role in schizophrenia development. Early growth response 3 (EGR3) is a member of the EGR family, which is associated with schizophrenia. Accumulating studies have investigated the relationship between EGR3 and schizophrenia. However, the role of EGR3 in schizophrenia pathogenesis remains unclear. In the present review, we focus on the progress of research related to the role of EGR3 in schizophrenia, including association studies between EGR3 and schizophrenia, abnormal gene expressional analysis of EGR3 in schizophrenia, biological function studies of EGR3 in schizophrenia, the molecular regulatory mechanism of EGR3 and schizophrenia susceptibility candidate genes, and possible role of EGR3 in the immune system function in schizophrenia. In summary, EGR3 is a schizophrenia risk candidate factor and has comprehensive regulatory roles in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Further studies investigating the molecular mechanisms of EGR3 in schizophrenia are warranted for understanding the pathophysiology of this disorder as well as the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment and control of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi He
- School of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Shannxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruochun Li
- Department of Medical Technology, Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Nannan Zhong
- Department of Medical Technology, Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Electron Microscope, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fayi Nie
- School of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Shannxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Medical Technology, Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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12
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Mu C, Dang X, Luo XJ. Mendelian randomization analyses reveal causal relationships between brain functional networks and risk of psychiatric disorders. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:1417-1428. [PMID: 38724650 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01879-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunction of brain resting-state functional networks has been widely reported in psychiatric disorders. However, the causal relationships between brain resting-state functional networks and psychiatric disorders remain largely unclear. Here we perform bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate the causalities between 191 resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) phenotypes (n = 34,691 individuals) and 12 psychiatric disorders (n = 14,307 to 698,672 individuals). Forward MR identified 8 rsfMRI phenotypes causally associated with the risk of psychiatric disorders. For example, the increase in the connectivity of motor, subcortical-cerebellum and limbic network was associated with lower risk of autism spectrum disorder. In adddition, increased connectivity in the default mode and central executive network was associated with lower risk of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. Reverse MR analysis revealed significant associations between 4 psychiatric disorders and 6 rsfMRI phenotypes. For instance, the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder increases the connectivity of the attention, salience, motor and subcortical-cerebellum network. The risk of schizophrenia mainly increases the connectivity of the default mode and central executive network and decreases the connectivity of the attention network. In summary, our findings reveal causal relationships between brain functional networks and psychiatric disorders, providing important interventional and therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders at the brain functional network level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgai Mu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinglun Dang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiong-Jian Luo
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Soleimani N, Iraji A, van Erp TGM, Belger A, Calhoun VD. A method for estimating dynamic functional network connectivity gradients (dFNG) from ICA captures smooth inter-network modulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.06.583731. [PMID: 38559041 PMCID: PMC10979844 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.06.583731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) analysis is a widely used approach for studying brain function and offering insight into how brain networks evolve over time. Typically, dFNC studies utilized fixed spatial maps and evaluate transient changes in coupling among time courses estimated from independent component analysis (ICA). This manuscript presents a complementary approach that relaxes this assumption by spatially reordering the components dynamically at each timepoint to optimize for a smooth gradient in the FNC (i.e., a smooth gradient among ICA connectivity values). Several methods are presented to summarize dynamic FNC gradients (dFNGs) over time, starting with static FNC gradients (sFNGs), then exploring the reordering properties as well as the dynamics of the gradients themselves. We then apply this approach to a dataset of schizophrenia (SZ) patients and healthy controls (HC). Functional dysconnectivity between different brain regions has been reported in schizophrenia, yet the neural mechanisms behind it remain elusive. Using resting state fMRI and ICA on a dataset consisting of 151 schizophrenia patients and 160 age and gender-matched healthy controls, we extracted 53 intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) for each subject using a fully automated spatially constrained ICA approach. We develop several summaries of our functional network connectivity gradient analysis, both in a static sense, computed as the Pearson correlation coefficient between full time series, and a dynamic sense, computed using a sliding window approach followed by reordering based on the computed gradient, and evaluate group differences. Static connectivity analysis revealed significantly stronger connectivity between subcortical (SC), auditory (AUD) and visual (VIS) networks in patients, as well as hypoconnectivity in sensorimotor (SM) network relative to controls. sFNG analysis highlighted distinctive clustering patterns in patients and HCs along cognitive control (CC)/ default mode network (DMN), as well as SC/ AUD/ SM/ cerebellar (CB), and VIS gradients. Furthermore, we observed significant differences in the sFNGs between groups in SC and CB domains. dFNG analysis suggested that SZ patients spend significantly more time in a SC/ CB state based on the first gradient, while HCs favor the SM/DMN state. For the second gradient, however, patients exhibited significantly higher activity in CB domains, contrasting with HCs' DMN engagement. The gradient synchrony analysis conveyed more shifts between SM/ SC networks and transmodal CC/ DMN networks in patients. In addition, the dFNG coupling revealed distinct connectivity patterns between SC, SM and CB domains in SZ patients compared to HCs. To recap, our results advance our understanding of brain network modulation by examining smooth connectivity trajectories. This provides a more complete spatiotemporal summary of the data, contributing to the growing body of current literature regarding the functional dysconnectivity in schizophrenia patients. By employing dFNG, we highlight a new perspective to capture large scale fluctuations across the brain while maintaining the convenience of brain networks and low dimensional summary measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najme Soleimani
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Armin Iraji
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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14
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Wiafe SL, Asante NO, Calhoun VD, Faghiri A. Studying time-resolved functional connectivity via communication theory: on the complementary nature of phase synchronization and sliding window Pearson correlation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.598720. [PMID: 38915498 PMCID: PMC11195172 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.598720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Time-resolved functional connectivity (trFC) assesses the time-resolved coupling between brain regions using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. This study aims to compare two techniques used to estimate trFC, to investigate their similarities and differences when applied to fMRI data. These techniques are the sliding window Pearson correlation (SWPC), an amplitude-based approach, and phase synchronization (PS), a phase-based technique. To accomplish our objective, we used resting-state fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) with 827 subjects (repetition time: 0.7s) and the Function Biomedical Informatics Research Network (fBIRN) with 311 subjects (repetition time: 2s), which included 151 schizophrenia patients and 160 controls. Our simulations reveal distinct strengths in two connectivity methods: SWPC captures high-magnitude, low-frequency connectivity, while PS detects low-magnitude, high-frequency connectivity. Stronger correlations between SWPC and PS align with pronounced fMRI oscillations. For fMRI data, higher correlations between SWPC and PS occur with matched frequencies and smaller SWPC window sizes (~30s), but larger windows (~88s) sacrifice clinically relevant information. Both methods identify a schizophrenia-associated brain network state but show different patterns: SWPC highlights low anti-correlations between visual, subcortical, auditory, and sensory-motor networks, while PS shows reduced positive synchronization among these networks. In sum, our findings underscore the complementary nature of SWPC and PS, elucidating their respective strengths and limitations without implying the superiority of one over the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sir-Lord Wiafe
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Nana O. Asante
- ETH Zürich, Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, Switzerland
- Ashesi University, 1 University Avenue Berekuso, Ghana
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ashkan Faghiri
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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15
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Secara MT, Oliver LD, Gallucci J, Dickie EW, Foussias G, Gold J, Malhotra AK, Buchanan RW, Voineskos AN, Hawco C. Heterogeneity in functional connectivity: Dimensional predictors of individual variability during rest and task fMRI in psychosis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110991. [PMID: 38484928 PMCID: PMC11034852 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) often demonstrate cognitive impairments, associated with poor functional outcomes. While neurobiological heterogeneity has posed challenges when examining social cognition in SSD, it provides a unique opportunity to explore brain-behavior relationships. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between individual variability in functional connectivity during resting state and the performance of a social task and social and non-social cognition in a large sample of controls and individuals diagnosed with SSD. METHODS Neuroimaging and behavioral data were analyzed for 193 individuals with SSD and 155 controls (total n = 348). Individual variability was quantified through mean correlational distance (MCD) of functional connectivity between participants; MCD was defined as a global 'variability score'. Pairwise correlational distance was calculated as 1 - the correlation coefficient between a given pair of participants, and averaging distance from one participant to all other participants provided the mean correlational distance metric. Hierarchical regressions were performed on variability scores derived from resting state and Empathic Accuracy (EA) task functional connectivity data to determine potential predictors (e.g., age, sex, neurocognitive and social cognitive scores) of individual variability. RESULTS Group comparison between SSD and controls showed greater SSD MCD during rest (p = 0.00038), while no diagnostic differences were observed during task (p = 0.063). Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated the persistence of a significant diagnostic effect during rest (p = 0.008), contrasting with its non-significance during the task (p = 0.50), after social cognition was added to the model. Notably, social cognition exhibited significance in both resting state and task conditions (both p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic differences were more prevalent during unconstrained resting scans, whereas the task pushed participants into a more common pattern which better emphasized transdiagnostic differences in cognitive abilities. Focusing on variability may provide new opportunities for interventions targeting specific cognitive impairments to improve functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Secara
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsay D Oliver
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Gallucci
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George Foussias
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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16
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Zürcher NR, Chen JE, Wey HY. PET-MRI Applications and Future Prospects in Psychiatry. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38838352 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the synergistic application of positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) in neuroscience with relevance for psychiatry, particularly examining neurotransmission, epigenetics, and dynamic imaging methodologies. We begin by discussing the complementary insights that PET and MRI modalities provide into neuroreceptor systems, with a focus on dopamine, opioids, and serotonin receptors, and their implications for understanding and treating psychiatric disorders. We further highlight recent PET-MRI studies using a radioligand that enables the quantification of epigenetic enzymes, specifically histone deacetylases, in the brain in vivo. Imaging epigenetics is used to exemplify the impact the quantification of novel molecular targets may have, including new treatment approaches for psychiatric disorders. Finally, we discuss innovative designs involving functional PET using [18F]FDG (fPET-FDG), which provides detailed information regarding dynamic changes in glucose metabolism. Concurrent acquisitions of fPET-FDG and functional MRI provide a time-resolved approach to studying brain function, yielding simultaneous metabolic and hemodynamic information and thereby opening new avenues for psychiatric research. Collectively, the review underscores the potential of a multimodal PET-MRI approach to advance our understanding of brain structure and function in health and disease, which could improve clinical care based on objective neurobiological features and treatment response monitoring. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Zürcher
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jingyuan E Chen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hsiao-Ying Wey
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Vieira S, Bolton TAW, Schöttner M, Baecker L, Marquand A, Mechelli A, Hagmann P. Multivariate brain-behaviour associations in psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:231. [PMID: 38824172 PMCID: PMC11144193 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mapping brain-behaviour associations is paramount to understand and treat psychiatric disorders. Standard approaches involve investigating the association between one brain and one behavioural variable (univariate) or multiple variables against one brain/behaviour feature ('single' multivariate). Recently, large multimodal datasets have propelled a new wave of studies that leverage on 'doubly' multivariate approaches capable of parsing the multifaceted nature of both brain and behaviour simultaneously. Within this movement, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and partial least squares (PLS) emerge as the most popular techniques. Both seek to capture shared information between brain and behaviour in the form of latent variables. We provide an overview of these methods, review the literature in psychiatric disorders, and discuss the main challenges from a predictive modelling perspective. We identified 39 studies across four diagnostic groups: attention deficit and hyperactive disorder (ADHD, k = 4, N = 569), autism spectrum disorders (ASD, k = 6, N = 1731), major depressive disorder (MDD, k = 5, N = 938), psychosis spectrum disorders (PSD, k = 13, N = 1150) and one transdiagnostic group (TD, k = 11, N = 5731). Most studies (67%) used CCA and focused on the association between either brain morphology, resting-state functional connectivity or fractional anisotropy against symptoms and/or cognition. There were three main findings. First, most diagnoses shared a link between clinical/cognitive symptoms and two brain measures, namely frontal morphology/brain activity and white matter association fibres (tracts between cortical areas in the same hemisphere). Second, typically less investigated behavioural variables in multivariate models such as physical health (e.g., BMI, drug use) and clinical history (e.g., childhood trauma) were identified as important features. Finally, most studies were at risk of bias due to low sample size/feature ratio and/or in-sample testing only. We highlight the importance of carefully mitigating these sources of bias with an exemplar application of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vieira
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - T A W Bolton
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Schöttner
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Baecker
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Marquand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Mechelli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Hagmann
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Yang KC, Yang BH, Liu MN, Liou YJ, Chou YH. Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is associated with prefrontal-striatal functional hypoconnectivity and striatal dopaminergic abnormalities. J Psychopharmacol 2024; 38:515-525. [PMID: 38853592 DOI: 10.1177/02698811241257877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is imperative, as it causes poor functional outcomes and a lack of effective treatments. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the relationships of two proposed main pathophysiology of schizophrenia, altered prefrontal-striatal connectivity and the dopamine system, with cognitive impairment and their interactions. METHODS Thirty-three patients with schizophrenia and 27 healthy controls (HCs) who are right-handed and matched for age and sex were recruited. We evaluated their cognition, functional connectivity (FC) between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)/middle frontal gyrus (MiFG) and striatum, and the availability of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) using a cognitive battery investigating attention, memory, and executive function, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging with group independent component analysis and single-photon emission computed tomography with 99mTc-TRODAT. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia exhibited poorer cognitive performance, reduced FC between DLPFC/MiFG and the caudate nucleus (CN) or putamen, decreased DAT availability in the left CN, and decreased right-left DAT asymmetry in the CN compared to HCs. In patients with schizophrenia, altered imaging markers are associated with cognitive impairments, especially the relationship between DLPFC/MiFG-putamen FC and attention and between DAT asymmetry in the CN and executive function. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate how prefrontal-striatal hypoconnectivity and altered striatal DAT markers are associated with different domains of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. More research is needed to evaluate their complex relationships and potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Hung Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-N Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jay Liou
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hwa Chou
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- The Human Brain Research Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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19
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Zeng LL, Fan Z, Su J, Gan M, Peng L, Shen H, Hu D. Gradient Matching Federated Domain Adaptation for Brain Image Classification. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS 2024; 35:7405-7419. [PMID: 36441881 DOI: 10.1109/tnnls.2022.3223144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Federated learning has shown its unique advantages in many different tasks, including brain image analysis. It provides a new way to train deep learning models while protecting the privacy of medical image data from multiple sites. However, previous studies suggest that domain shift across different sites may influence the performance of federated models. As a solution, we propose a gradient matching federated domain adaptation (GM-FedDA) method for brain image classification, aiming to reduce domain discrepancy with the assistance of a public image dataset and train robust local federated models for target sites. It mainly includes two stages: 1) pretraining stage; we propose a one-common-source adversarial domain adaptation (OCS-ADA) strategy, i.e., adopting ADA with gradient matching loss to pretrain encoders for reducing domain shift at each target site (private data) with the assistance of a common source domain (public data) and 2) fine-tuning stage; we develop a gradient matching federated (GM-Fed) fine-tuning method for updating local federated models pretrained with the OCS-ADA strategy, i.e., pushing the optimization direction of a local federated model toward its specific local minimum by minimizing gradient matching loss between sites. Using fully connected networks as local models, we validate our method with the diagnostic classification tasks of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder based on multisite resting-state functional MRI (fMRI), respectively. Results show that the proposed GM-FedDA method outperforms other commonly used methods, suggesting the potential of our method in brain imaging analysis and other fields, which need to utilize multisite data while preserving data privacy.
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Huang C, Li A, Pang Y, Yang J, Zhang J, Wu X, Mei L. How the intrinsic functional connectivity patterns of the semantic network support semantic processing. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:539-554. [PMID: 38261218 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Semantic processing, a core of language comprehension, involves the activation of brain regions dispersed extensively across the frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices that compose the semantic network. To comprehend the functional structure of this semantic network and how it prepares for semantic processing, we investigated its intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) and the relation between this pattern and semantic processing ability in a large sample from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset. We first defined a well-studied brain network for semantic processing, and then we characterized the within-network connectivity (WNC) and the between-network connectivity (BNC) within this network using a voxel-based global brain connectivity (GBC) method based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results showed that 97.73% of the voxels in the semantic network displayed considerably greater WNC than BNC, demonstrating that the semantic network is a fairly encapsulated network. Moreover, multiple connector hubs in the semantic network were identified after applying the criterion of WNC > 1 SD above the mean WNC of the semantic network. More importantly, three of these connector hubs (i.e., the left anterior temporal lobe, angular gyrus, and orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus) were reliably associated with semantic processing ability. Our findings suggest that the three identified regions use WNC as the central mechanism for supporting semantic processing and that task-independent spontaneous connectivity in the semantic network is essential for semantic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmei Huang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Aqian Li
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yingdan Pang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Leilei Mei
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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21
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Biačková N, Adamová A, Klírová M. Transcranial alternating current stimulation in affecting cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders: a review. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:803-826. [PMID: 37682331 PMCID: PMC11127835 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that, through its manipulation of endogenous oscillations, can affect cognition in healthy adults. Given the fact that both endogenous oscillations and cognition are impaired in various psychiatric diagnoses, tACS might represent a suitable intervention. We conducted a search of Pubmed and Web of Science databases and reviewed 27 studies where tACS is used in psychiatric diagnoses and cognition change is evaluated. TACS is a safe and well-tolerated intervention method, suitable for multiple-sessions protocols. It can be administered at home, individualized according to the patient''s anatomical and functional characteristics, or used as a marker of disease progression. The results are varying across diagnoses and applied protocols, with some protocols showing a long-term effect. However, the overall number of studies is small with a great variety of diagnoses and tACS parameters, such as electrode montage or used frequency. Precise mechanisms of tACS interaction with pathophysiological processes are only partially described and need further research. Currently, tACS seems to be a feasible method to alleviate cognitive impairment in psychiatric patients; however, a more robust confirmation of efficacy of potential protocols is needed to introduce it into clinical practise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Biačková
- Neurostimulation Department, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Adamová
- Neurostimulation Department, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Klírová
- Neurostimulation Department, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Yang Y, Fu S, Jiang G, Xu G, Tian J, Ma X. Functional connectivity changes of the hippocampal subregions in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:686-697. [PMID: 38363500 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus plays an important role in the pathophysiological mechanism of Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis. Nevertheless, the connection between the resting-state activity of the hippocampal subregions and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the changes in functional connectivity (FC) in the hippocampal subregions of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and its association with clinical symptoms and cognitive performance. Twenty-three patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and 23 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans and completed clinical cognitive scales. Based on the Brainnetome Atlas, the rostral (anterior) and caudal (posterior) hippocampi of both the left and right hemispheres were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for FC analysis. First, a one-sample t-test was used to observe the whole-brain connectivity distribution of hippocampal subregions within the patient and HC groups at a threshold of p < 0.05. The two-sample t-test was used to compare the differences in hippocampal ROIs connectivity between groups, followed by a partial correlation analysis between the FC values of brain regions with statistical differences and clinical variables. This study observed that the distribution of whole-brain functional connectivity in the rostral and caudal hippocampi aligned with the connectivity differences between the anterior and posterior hippocampi. Compared to the HC group, the patients showed significantly decreased FC between the bilateral rostral hippocampus and the left inferior orbitofrontal gyrus and between the right rostral hippocampus and the right cerebellum. However, a significant increase in FC was observed between the right rostral hippocampus and left superior temporal gyrus, the left caudal hippocampus and right superior frontal gyrus, and the right caudal hippocampus and left gyrus rectus. Partial correlation analysis showed that FC between the left inferior orbitofrontal gyrus and the right rostral hippocampus was significantly negatively correlated with the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (BVMT) scores. The FC between the right rostral hippocampus and the left superior temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with BVMT scores. FC abnormalities in the hippocampal subregions of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were associated with cognitive impairment, emotional changes, and seizures. These results may help explain the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and NMDAR dysfunction-related diseases such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medial University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong province, PR China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466 Road Xingang, Guangzhou, 510317, P. R. China
| | - Shishun Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466 Road Xingang, Guangzhou, 510317, P. R. China
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466 Road Xingang, Guangzhou, 510317, P. R. China
| | - Guang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No.466 Road Xingang, Guangzhou, 510317, P. R. China
| | - Junzhang Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466 Road Xingang, Guangzhou, 510317, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaofen Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466 Road Xingang, Guangzhou, 510317, P. R. China.
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Ester-Nacke T, Berti K, Veit R, Dannecker C, Salvador R, Ruffini G, Heni M, Birkenfeld AL, Plewnia C, Preissl H, Kullmann S. Network-targeted transcranial direct current stimulation of the hypothalamus appetite-control network: a feasibility study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11341. [PMID: 38762574 PMCID: PMC11102513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is the key regulator for energy homeostasis and is functionally connected to striatal and cortical regions vital for the inhibitory control of appetite. Hence, the ability to non-invasively modulate the hypothalamus network could open new ways for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Here, we tested a novel method for network-targeted transcranial direct current stimulation (net-tDCS) to influence the excitability of brain regions involved in the control of appetite. Based on the resting-state functional connectivity map of the hypothalamus, a 12-channel net-tDCS protocol was generated (Neuroelectrics Starstim system), which included anodal, cathodal and sham stimulation. Ten participants with overweight or obesity were enrolled in a sham-controlled, crossover study. During stimulation or sham control, participants completed a stop-signal task to measure inhibitory control. Overall, stimulation was well tolerated. Anodal net-tDCS resulted in faster stop signal reaction time (SSRT) compared to sham (p = 0.039) and cathodal net-tDCS (p = 0.042). Baseline functional connectivity of the target network correlated with SSRT after anodal compared to sham stimulation (p = 0.016). These preliminary data indicate that modulating hypothalamus functional network connectivity via net-tDCS may result in improved inhibitory control. Further studies need to evaluate the effects on eating behavior and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Ester-Nacke
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Katharina Berti
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Veit
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Corinna Dannecker
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Heni
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Plewnia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Neurophysiology and Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kullmann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
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Andrés-Camazón P, Diaz-Caneja CM, Ballem R, Chen J, Calhoun VD, Iraji A. Neurobiology-based Cognitive Biotypes Using Multi-scale Intrinsic Connectivity Networks in Psychotic Disorders. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.14.24307341. [PMID: 38798576 PMCID: PMC11118619 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.24307341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective Understanding the neurobiology of cognitive dysfunction in psychotic disorders remains elusive, as does developing effective interventions. Limited knowledge about the biological heterogeneity of cognitive dysfunction hinders progress. This study aimed to identify subgroups of patients with psychosis with distinct patterns of functional brain alterations related to cognition (cognitive biotypes). Methods B-SNIP consortium data (2,270 participants including participants with psychotic disorders, relatives, and controls) was analyzed. Researchers used reference-informed independent component analysis and the NeuroMark 100k multi-scale intrinsic connectivity networks (ICN) template to obtain subject-specific ICNs and whole-brain functional network connectivity (FNC). FNC features associated with cognitive performance were identified through multivariate joint analysis. K-means clustering identified subgroups of patients based on these features in a discovery set. Subgroups were further evaluated in a replication set and in relatives. Results Two biotypes with different functional brain alteration patterns were identified. Biotype 1 exhibited brain-wide alterations, involving hypoconnectivity in cerebellar-subcortical and somatomotor-visual networks and worse cognitive performance. Biotype 2 exhibited hyperconnectivity in somatomotor-subcortical networks and hypoconnectivity in somatomotor-high cognitive processing networks, and better preserved cognitive performance. Demographic, clinical, cognitive, and FNC characteristics of biotypes were consistent in discovery and replication sets, and in relatives. 70.12% of relatives belonged to the same biotype as their affected family members. Conclusions These findings suggest two distinctive psychosis-related cognitive biotypes with differing functional brain patterns shared with their relatives. Patient stratification based on these biotypes instead of traditional diagnosis may help to optimize future research and clinical trials addressing cognitive dysfunction in psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Andrés-Camazón
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University), Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Covadonga Martínez Diaz-Caneja
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ram Ballem
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University), Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University), Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University), Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Armin Iraji
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University), Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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25
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Papazova I, Wunderlich S, Papazov B, Vogelmann U, Keeser D, Karali T, Falkai P, Rospleszcz S, Maurus I, Schmitt A, Hasan A, Malchow B, Stöcklein S. Characterizing cognitive subtypes in schizophrenia using cortical curvature. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:131-138. [PMID: 38531143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a core symptom of schizophrenia, but research on their neural underpinnings has been challenged by the heterogeneity in deficits' severity among patients. Here, we address this issue by combining logistic regression and random forest to classify two neuropsychological profiles of patients with high (HighCog) and low (LowCog) cognitive performance in two independent samples. We based our analysis on the cortical features grey matter volume (VOL), cortical thickness (CT), and mean curvature (MC) of N = 57 patients (discovery sample) and validated the classification in an independent sample (N = 52). We investigated which cortical feature would yield the best classification results and expected that the 10 most important features would include frontal and temporal brain regions. The model based on MC had the best performance with area under the curve (AUC) values of 76% and 73%, and identified fronto-temporal and occipital brain regions as the most important features for the classification. Moreover, subsequent comparison analyses could reveal significant differences in MC of single brain regions between the two cognitive profiles. The present study suggests MC as a promising neuroanatomical parameter for characterizing schizophrenia cognitive subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Papazova
- Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Geschwister-Schönert-Straße 1, 86156, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site München, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Stephan Wunderlich
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Papazov
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Vogelmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Temmuz Karali
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Rospleszcz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Maurus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Geschwister-Schönert-Straße 1, 86156, Augsburg, Germany; DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Berend Malchow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophia Stöcklein
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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26
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Cattarinussi G, Di Giorgio A, Sambataro F. Cerebellar dysconnectivity in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is associated with cognitive and clinical variables. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:497-506. [PMID: 38582653 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal cerebellar functional connectivity (FC) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). However, the patterns of cerebellar dysconnectivity in these two disorders and their association with cognitive functioning and clinical symptoms have not been fully clarified. In this study, we examined cerebellar FC alterations in SCZ and BD-I and their association with cognition and psychotic symptoms. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data of 39 SCZ, 43 BD-I, and 61 healthy controls from the Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics dataset were examined. The cerebellum was parcellated into ten functional networks, and seed-based FC was calculated for each cerebellar system. Principal component analyses were used to reduce the dimensionality of the diagnosis-related FC and cognitive variables. Multiple regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between FC and cognitive and clinical data. RESULTS We observed decreased cerebellar FC with the frontal, temporal, occipital, and thalamic areas in individuals with SCZ, and a more widespread decrease in cerebellar FC in individuals with BD-I, involving the frontal, cingulate, parietal, temporal, occipital, and thalamic regions. SCZ had increased within-cerebellum and cerebellar frontal FC compared to BD-I. In BD-I, memory and verbal learning performances, which were higher compared to SCZ, showed a greater interaction with cerebellar FC patterns. Additionally, patterns of increased cortico-cerebellar FC were marginally associated with positive symptoms in patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that shared and distinct patterns of cortico-cerebellar dysconnectivity in SCZ and BD-I could underlie cognitive impairments and psychotic symptoms in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cattarinussi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Annabella Di Giorgio
- Department of Mental Health and Addictions, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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27
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Hamzehpour L, Bohn T, Dutsch V, Jaspers L, Grimm O. From brain to body: exploring the connection between altered reward processing and physical fitness in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115877. [PMID: 38555826 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanisms that link psychopathology and physical comorbidities in schizophrenia is crucial since decreased physical fitness and overweight pose major risk factors for cardio-vascular diseases and decrease the patients' life expectancies. We hypothesize that altered reward anticipation plays an important role in this. We implemented the Monetary Incentive Delay task in a MR scanner and a fitness test battery to compare schizophrenia patients (SZ, n = 43) with sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HC, n = 36) as to reward processing and their physical fitness. We found differences in reward anticipation between SZs and HCs, whereby increased activity in HCs positively correlated with overall physical condition and negatively correlated with psychopathology. On the other handy, SZs revealed stronger activity in the posterior cingulate cortex and in cerebellar regions during reward anticipation, which could be linked to decreased overall physical fitness. These findings demonstrate that a dysregulated reward system is not only responsible for the symptomatology of schizophrenia, but might also be involved in physical comorbidities which could pave the way for future lifestyle therapy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Hamzehpour
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty 15 Biological Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Tamara Bohn
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Valentin Dutsch
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lucia Jaspers
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Kittleson AR, Woodward ND, Heckers S, Sheffield JM. The insula: Leveraging cellular and systems-level research to better understand its roles in health and schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 160:105643. [PMID: 38531518 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly heterogeneous disorder characterized by a multitude of complex and seemingly non-overlapping symptoms. The insular cortex has gained increasing attention in neuroscience and psychiatry due to its involvement in a diverse range of fundamental human experiences and behaviors. This review article provides an overview of the insula's cellular and anatomical organization, functional and structural connectivity, and functional significance. Focusing on specific insula subregions and using knowledge gained from humans and preclinical studies of insular tracings in non-human primates, we review the literature and discuss the functional roles of each subregion, including in somatosensation, interoception, salience processing, emotional processing, and social cognition. Building from this foundation, we then extend these findings to discuss reported abnormalities of these functions in individuals with schizophrenia, implicating insular involvement in schizophrenia pathology. This review underscores the insula's vast role in the human experience and how abnormal insula structure and function could result in the wide-ranging symptoms observed in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Kittleson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
| | - Julia M Sheffield
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
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Ye B, Wu Y, Cao M, Xu C, Zhou C, Zhang X. Altered patterns of dynamic functional connectivity of brain networks in deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01803-1. [PMID: 38662092 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the altered patterns of dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) between deficit schizophrenia (DS) and non-deficit schizophrenia (NDS), and further explore the associations with cognitive impairments. 70 DS, 91 NDS, and 120 matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. The independent component analysis was used to segment the whole brain. The fMRI brain atlas was used to identify functional networks, and the dynamic functional connectivity (FC) of each network was detected. Correlation analysis was used to explore the associations between altered dFNC and cognitive functions. Four dynamic states were identified. Compared to NDS, DS showed increased FC between sensorimotor network and default mode network in state 1 and decreased FC within auditory network in state 4. Additionally, DS had a longer mean dwell time of state 2 and a shorter one in state 3 compared to NDS. Correlation analysis showed that fraction time and mean dwell time of states were correlated with cognitive impairments in DS. This study demonstrates the distinctive altered patterns of dFNC between DS and NDS patients. The associations with impaired cognition provide specific neuroimaging evidence for the pathogenesis of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Ye
- Department of Fourth Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqiao Wu
- Department of Fourth Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjun Cao
- Department of Fourth Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chanhuan Xu
- Department of Fourth Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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Tesfaye E, Getnet M, Anmut Bitew D, Adugna DG, Maru L. Brain functional connectivity in hyperthyroid patients: systematic review. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1383355. [PMID: 38726033 PMCID: PMC11080614 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1383355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Functional connectivity (FC) is the correlation between brain regions' activities, studied through neuroimaging techniques like fMRI. It helps researchers understand brain function, organization, and dysfunction. Hyperthyroidism, characterized by high serum levels of free thyroxin and suppressed thyroid stimulating hormone, can lead to mood disturbance, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric symptoms. Excessive thyroid hormone exposure can enhance neuronal death and decrease brain volume, affecting memory, attention, emotion, vision, and motor planning. Methods We conducted thorough searches across Google Scholar, PubMed, Hinari, and Science Direct to locate pertinent articles containing original data investigating FC measures in individuals diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Results The systematic review identified 762 articles, excluding duplicates and non-matching titles and abstracts. Four full-text articles were included in this review. In conclusion, a strong bilateral hippocampal connection in hyperthyroid individuals suggests a possible neurobiological influence on brain networks that may affect cognitive and emotional processing. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO, CRD42024516216.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephrem Tesfaye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Mihret Getnet
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Anmut Bitew
- Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dagnew Getnet Adugna
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemlemu Maru
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Csukly G, Orbán-Szigeti B, Suri K, Zsigmond R, Hermán L, Simon V, Kabaji A, Bata B, Hársfalvi P, Vass E, Csibri É, Farkas K, Réthelyi J. Theta-burst rTMS in schizophrenia to ameliorate negative and cognitive symptoms: study protocol for a double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Trials 2024; 25:269. [PMID: 38632647 PMCID: PMC11025264 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment effects of conventional approaches with antipsychotics or psychosocial interventions are limited when it comes to reducing negative and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. While there is emerging clinical evidence that new, augmented protocols based on theta-burst stimulation can increase rTMS efficacy dramatically in depression, data on similar augmented therapies are limited in schizophrenia. The different patterns of network impairments in subjects may underlie that some but not all patients responded to given stimulation locations. METHODS Therefore, we propose an augmented theta-burst stimulation protocol in schizophrenia by stimulating both locations connected to negative symptoms: (1) the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and (2) the vermis of the cerebellum. Ninety subjects with schizophrenia presenting negative symptoms and aging between 18 and 55 years will be randomized to active and sham stimulation in a 1:1 ratio. The TBS parameters we adopted follow the standard TBS protocols, with 3-pulse 50-Hz bursts given every 200 ms (at 5 Hz) and an intensity of 100% active motor threshold. We plan to deliver 1800 stimuli to the left DLPFC and 1800 stimuli to the vermis daily in two 9.5-min blocks for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint is the change in negative symptom severity measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Secondary efficacy endpoints are changes in cognitive flexibility, executive functioning, short-term memory, social cognition, and facial emotion recognition. The difference between study groups will be analyzed by a linear mixed model analysis with the difference relative to baseline in efficacy variables as the dependent variable and treatment group, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as independent variables. The safety outcome is the number of serious adverse events. DISCUSSION This is a double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized medical device study to assess the efficacy and safety of an augmented theta-burst rTMS treatment in schizophrenia. We hypothesize that social cognition and negative symptoms of patients on active therapy will improve significantly compared to patients on sham treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol is registered at "ClinicalTrials.gov" with the following ID: NCT05100888. All items from the World Health Organization Trial Registration Data Set are registered. Initial release: 10/19/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Csukly
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary.
| | - Boglárka Orbán-Szigeti
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Karolin Suri
- Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Zsigmond
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Levente Hermán
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Viktória Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Anita Kabaji
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Bata
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Péter Hársfalvi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
- BiTrial Clinical Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Vass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Éva Csibri
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Kinga Farkas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - János Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
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32
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Ekin M, Akdal G, Bora E. Antisaccade error rates in first-episode psychosis, ultra-high risk for psychosis and unaffected relatives of schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2024; 266:41-49. [PMID: 38367611 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antisaccade, which is described as looking at the opposite location of the target, is an eye movements paradigm used for assessing cognitive functions in schizophrenia. Initiation and sustainment of saccades in antisaccade are managed by frontal and parietal cortical areas. Antisaccade abnormalities are well-established findings in schizophrenia. However, studies in the early phases of psychotic disorders and clinical/familial risk for psychosis reported inconsistent findings. The current systematic review aimed to review the results of studies investigating antisaccade error rates in first-episode psychosis (FEP), individuals with ultra-high-risk for psychosis (UHRP), and familial-high-risk for psychosis (FHRP) compared to healthy controls. METHOD A meta-analysis of 17 studies was conducted to quantitatively review antisaccade errors in FEP, UHR-P and FHRP. The error rate (Hedges'g) was compared between the total of 860 FEP, UHRP, FHRP, and 817 healthy controls. Hedges' g for effect size, I2 for estimating the percentage of variability, and publication bias were evaluated through the R software. RESULTS The outcomes of this meta-analysis suggested that FEP is associated with a robust deficit in the antisaccade error rate (g = 1.16, CI = 0.95-1.38). Additionally, both the clinical and familial high-risk groups showed small but significant increases in AS errors (g = 0.26, CI = 0.02-0.52 and g = 0.34, CI = 0.13-0.55, respectively). CONCLUSION The large effect size estimated for FEP was compatible with previously reported results in chronic schizophrenia patients. Additionally, relatives had abnormalities with small to medium effect sizes and significant differences. The current findings suggest that antisaccade errors might be a potential endophenotype for psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Ekin
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey; Institude of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Gülden Akdal
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Emre Bora
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Mittal P, Sao AK, Biswal B, Di X, Dileep AD. Network-wise analysis of movie-specific information in dynamic functional connectivity using COBE. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae170. [PMID: 38679477 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Movie watching during functional magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as a promising tool to measure the complex behavior of the brain in response to a stimulus similar to real-life situations. It has been observed that presenting a movie (sequence of events) as a stimulus will lead to a unique time course of dynamic functional connectivity related to movie stimuli that can be compared across the participants. We assume that the observed dynamic functional connectivity across subjects can be divided into following 2 components: (i) specific to a movie stimulus (depicting group-level behavior in functional connectivity) and (ii) individual-specific behavior (not necessarily common across the subjects). In this work, using the dynamic time warping distance measure, we have shown the extent of similarity between the temporal sequences of functional connectivity while the underlying movie stimuli were same and different. Further, the temporal sequence of functional connectivity patterns related to a movie is enhanced by suppressing the subject-specific components of dynamic functional connectivity using common and orthogonal basis extraction. Quantitative analysis using the F-ratio measure reveals significant differences in dynamic functional connectivity within the somatomotor network and default mode network, as well as between the occipital network and somatomotor networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Mittal
- School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anil K Sao
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Raipur 492015, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Bharat Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark 07102, NJ, United States
| | - Xin Di
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark 07102, NJ, United States
| | - Aroor Dinesh Dileep
- School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
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34
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Cai M, Ji Y, Zhao Q, Xue H, Sun Z, Wang H, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Lei M, Wang C, Zhuo C, Liu N, Liu H, Liu F. Homotopic functional connectivity disruptions in schizophrenia and their associated gene expression. Neuroimage 2024; 289:120551. [PMID: 38382862 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been revealed that abnormal voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) is present in patients with schizophrenia, yet there are inconsistencies in the relevant findings. Moreover, little is known about their association with brain gene expression profiles. In this study, transcription-neuroimaging association analyses using gene expression data from Allen Human Brain Atlas and case-control VMHC differences from both the discovery (meta-analysis, including 9 studies with a total of 386 patients and 357 controls) and replication (separate group-level comparisons within two datasets, including a total of 258 patients and 287 controls) phases were performed to identify genes associated with VMHC alterations. Enrichment analyses were conducted to characterize the biological functions and specific expression of identified genes, and Neurosynth decoding analysis was performed to examine the correlation between cognitive-related processes and VMHC alterations in schizophrenia. In the discovery and replication phases, patients with schizophrenia exhibited consistent VMHC changes compared to controls, which were correlated with a series of cognitive-related processes; meta-regression analysis revealed that illness duration was negatively correlated with VMHC abnormalities in the cerebellum and postcentral/precentral gyrus. The abnormal VMHC patterns were stably correlated with 1287 genes enriched for fundamental biological processes like regulation of cell communication, nervous system development, and cell communication. In addition, these genes were overexpressed in astrocytes and immune cells, enriched in extensive cortical regions and wide developmental time windows. The present findings may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying VMHC alterations in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Cai
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qiyu Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zuhao Sun
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yayuan Chen
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Minghuan Lei
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Department of Scientific Research, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PGNP_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Nana Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Huaigui Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Takai Y, Tamura S, Hoaki N, Kitajima K, Nakamura I, Hirano S, Ueno T, Nakao T, Onitsuka T, Hirano Y. Aberrant thalamocortical connectivity and shifts between the resting state and task state in patients with schizophrenia. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1961-1976. [PMID: 38440952 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Prominent pathological hypotheses for schizophrenia include auditory processing deficits and dysconnectivity within cerebral networks. However, most neuroimaging studies have focused on impairments in either resting-state or task-related functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia. The aims of our study were to examine (1) blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals during auditory steady-state response (ASSR) tasks, (2) functional connectivity during the resting-state and ASSR tasks and (3) state shifts between the resting-state and ASSR tasks in patients with schizophrenia. To reduce the functional consequences of scanner noise, we employed resting-state and sparse sampling auditory fMRI paradigms in 25 schizophrenia patients and 25 healthy controls. Auditory stimuli were binaural click trains at frequencies of 20, 30, 40 and 80 Hz. Based on the detected ASSR-evoked BOLD signals, we examined the functional connectivity between the thalamus and bilateral auditory cortex during both the resting state and ASSR task state, as well as their alterations. The schizophrenia group exhibited significantly diminished BOLD signals in the bilateral auditory cortex and thalamus during the 80 Hz ASSR task (corrected p < 0.05). We observed a significant inverse relationship between the resting state and ASSR task state in altered functional connectivity within the thalamo-auditory network in schizophrenia patients. Specifically, our findings demonstrated stronger functional connectivity in the resting state (p < 0.004) and reduced functional connectivity during the ASSR task (p = 0.048), which was mediated by abnormal state shifts, within the schizophrenia group. These results highlight the presence of abnormal thalamocortical connectivity associated with deficits in the shift between resting and task states in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Takai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hoaki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Center, Hoaki Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Kitajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Itta Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shogo Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takefumi Ueno
- Division of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Onitsuka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- National Hospital Organization Sakakibara Hospital, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Han M, He C, Li T, Li Q, Chu T, Li J, Wang P. Altered dynamic and static brain activity and functional connectivity in COVID-19 patients: a preliminary study. Neuroreport 2024; 35:306-315. [PMID: 38305116 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on brain functional activity through resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). fMRI scans were conducted on a cohort of 42 confirmed COVID-19-positive patients and 46 healthy controls (HCs) to assess brain functional activity. A combination of dynamic and static amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dALFF/sALFF) and dynamic and static functional connectivity (dFC/sFC) was used for evaluation. Abnormal brain regions identified were then used as feature inputs in the model to evaluate support vector machine (SVM) capability in recognizing COVID-19 patients. Moreover, the random forest (RF) model was employed to verify the stability of SVM diagnoses for COVID-19 patients. Compared to HCs, COVID-19 patients exhibited a decrease in sALFF in the right lingual gyrus and the left medial occipital gyrus and an increase in dALFF in the right straight gyrus. Moreover, there was a decline in sFC between both lingual gyri and the right superior occipital gyrus and a reduction in dFC with the precentral gyrus. The dynamic and static combined ALFF and FC could distinguish between COVID-19 patients and the HCs with an accuracy of 0.885, a specificity of 0.818, a sensitivity of 0.933 and an area under the curve of 0.909. The combination of dynamic and static ALFF and FC can provide information for detecting brain functional abnormalities in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Han
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai
| | - Chunni He
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai
| | - Tianping Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Li
- Department of Magenetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou
| | - Tongpeng Chu
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai
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Jensen KM, Calhoun VD, Fu Z, Yang K, Faria AV, Ishizuka K, Sawa A, Andrés-Camazón P, Coffman BA, Seebold D, Turner JA, Salisbury DF, Iraji A. A whole-brain neuromark resting-state fMRI analysis of first-episode and early psychosis: Evidence of aberrant cortical-subcortical-cerebellar functional circuitry. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 41:103584. [PMID: 38422833 PMCID: PMC10944191 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Psychosis (including symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized conduct/speech) is a main feature of schizophrenia and is frequently present in other major psychiatric illnesses. Studies in individuals with first-episode (FEP) and early psychosis (EP) have the potential to interpret aberrant connectivity associated with psychosis during a period with minimal influence from medication and other confounds. The current study uses a data-driven whole-brain approach to examine patterns of aberrant functional network connectivity (FNC) in a multi-site dataset comprising resting-state functional magnetic resonance images (rs-fMRI) from 117 individuals with FEP or EP and 130 individuals without a psychiatric disorder, as controls. Accounting for age, sex, race, head motion, and multiple imaging sites, differences in FNC were identified between psychosis and control participants in cortical (namely the inferior frontal gyrus, superior medial frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, supplementary motor area, posterior cingulate cortex, and superior and middle temporal gyri), subcortical (the caudate, thalamus, subthalamus, and hippocampus), and cerebellar regions. The prominent pattern of reduced cerebellar connectivity in psychosis is especially noteworthy, as most studies focus on cortical and subcortical regions, neglecting the cerebellum. The dysconnectivity reported here may indicate disruptions in cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuitry involved in rudimentary cognitive functions which may serve as reliable correlates of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Jensen
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zening Fu
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andreia V Faria
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pablo Andrés-Camazón
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA; Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Brian A Coffman
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dylan Seebold
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dean F Salisbury
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Armin Iraji
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
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38
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Zhou C, Tang X, Yu M, Zhang H, Zhang X, Gao J, Zhang X, Chen J. Convergent and divergent genes expression profiles associated with brain-wide functional connectome dysfunction in deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:124. [PMID: 38413564 PMCID: PMC10899251 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Deficit schizophrenia (DS) is a subtype of schizophrenia characterized by the primary and persistent negative symptoms. Previous studies have identified differences in brain functions between DS and non-deficit schizophrenia (NDS) patients. However, the genetic regulation features underlying these abnormal changes are still unknown. This study aimed to detect the altered patterns of functional connectivity (FC) in DS and NDS and investigate the gene expression profiles underlying these abnormal FC. The study recruited 82 DS patients, 96 NDS patients, and 124 healthy controls (CN). Voxel-based unbiased brain-wide association study was performed to reveal altered patterns of FC in DS and NDS patients. Machine learning techniques were used to access the utility of altered FC for diseases diagnosis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to explore the associations between altered FC and gene expression of 6 donated brains. Enrichment analysis was conducted to identify the genetic profiles, and the spatio-temporal expression patterns of the key genes were further explored. Comparing to CN, 23 and 20 brain regions with altered FC were identified in DS and NDS patients. The altered FC among these regions showed significant correlations with the SDS scores and exhibited high efficiency in disease classification. WGCNA revealed associations between DS/NDS-related gene expression and altered FC. Additionally, 22 overlapped genes, including 12 positive regulation genes and 10 negative regulation genes, were found between NDS and DS. Enrichment analyses demonstrated relationships between identified genes and significant pathways related to cellular response, neuro regulation, receptor binding, and channel activity. Spatial and temporal gene expression profiles of SCN1B showed the lowest expression at the initiation of embryonic development, while DPYSL3 exhibited rapid increased in the fetal. The present study revealed different altered patterns of FC in DS and NDS patients and highlighted the potential value of FC in disease classification. The associations between gene expression and neuroimaging provided insights into specific and common genetic regulation underlying these brain functional changes in DS and NDS, suggesting a potential genetic-imaging pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Gao
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Medical Imaging Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Caznok Silveira AC, Antunes ASLM, Athié MCP, da Silva BF, Ribeiro dos Santos JV, Canateli C, Fontoura MA, Pinto A, Pimentel-Silva LR, Avansini SH, de Carvalho M. Between neurons and networks: investigating mesoscale brain connectivity in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1340345. [PMID: 38445254 PMCID: PMC10912403 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1340345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of brain connectivity has been a cornerstone in understanding the complexities of neurological and psychiatric disorders. It has provided invaluable insights into the functional architecture of the brain and how it is perturbed in disorders. However, a persistent challenge has been achieving the proper spatial resolution, and developing computational algorithms to address biological questions at the multi-cellular level, a scale often referred to as the mesoscale. Historically, neuroimaging studies of brain connectivity have predominantly focused on the macroscale, providing insights into inter-regional brain connections but often falling short of resolving the intricacies of neural circuitry at the cellular or mesoscale level. This limitation has hindered our ability to fully comprehend the underlying mechanisms of neurological and psychiatric disorders and to develop targeted interventions. In light of this issue, our review manuscript seeks to bridge this critical gap by delving into the domain of mesoscale neuroimaging. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of conditions affected by aberrant neural connections, image acquisition techniques, feature extraction, and data analysis methods that are specifically tailored to the mesoscale. We further delineate the potential of brain connectivity research to elucidate complex biological questions, with a particular focus on schizophrenia and epilepsy. This review encompasses topics such as dendritic spine quantification, single neuron morphology, and brain region connectivity. We aim to showcase the applicability and significance of mesoscale neuroimaging techniques in the field of neuroscience, highlighting their potential for gaining insights into the complexities of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Caznok Silveira
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Carolina Pedro Athié
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Filomena da Silva
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Canateli
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marina Alves Fontoura
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Allan Pinto
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Simoni Helena Avansini
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Murilo de Carvalho
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
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40
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Voineskos AN, Hawco C, Neufeld NH, Turner JA, Ameis SH, Anticevic A, Buchanan RW, Cadenhead K, Dazzan P, Dickie EW, Gallucci J, Lahti AC, Malhotra AK, Öngür D, Lencz T, Sarpal DK, Oliver LD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia: current evidence, methodological advances, limitations and future directions. World Psychiatry 2024; 23:26-51. [PMID: 38214624 PMCID: PMC10786022 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging emerged with great promise and has provided fundamental insights into the neurobiology of schizophrenia. However, it has faced challenges and criticisms, most notably a lack of clinical translation. This paper provides a comprehensive review and critical summary of the literature on functional neuroimaging, in particular functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in schizophrenia. We begin by reviewing research on fMRI biomarkers in schizophrenia and the clinical high risk phase through a historical lens, moving from case-control regional brain activation to global connectivity and advanced analytical approaches, and more recent machine learning algorithms to identify predictive neuroimaging features. Findings from fMRI studies of negative symptoms as well as of neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits are then reviewed. Functional neural markers of these symptoms and deficits may represent promising treatment targets in schizophrenia. Next, we summarize fMRI research related to antipsychotic medication, psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions, and neurostimulation, including treatment response and resistance, therapeutic mechanisms, and treatment targeting. We also review the utility of fMRI and data-driven approaches to dissect the heterogeneity of schizophrenia, moving beyond case-control comparisons, as well as methodological considerations and advances, including consortia and precision fMRI. Lastly, limitations and future directions of research in the field are discussed. Our comprehensive review suggests that, in order for fMRI to be clinically useful in the care of patients with schizophrenia, research should address potentially actionable clinical decisions that are routine in schizophrenia treatment, such as which antipsychotic should be prescribed or whether a given patient is likely to have persistent functional impairment. The potential clinical utility of fMRI is influenced by and must be weighed against cost and accessibility factors. Future evaluations of the utility of fMRI in prognostic and treatment response studies may consider including a health economics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas H Neufeld
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression and McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Gallucci
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Institute for Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Dost Öngür
- McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Institute for Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay D Oliver
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Bi S, Guan Y, Tian L. Prediction of individual brain age using movie and resting-state fMRI. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad407. [PMID: 37885127 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain age is a promising biomarker for predicting chronological age based on brain imaging data. Although movie and resting-state functional MRI techniques have attracted much research interest for the investigation of brain function, whether the 2 different imaging paradigms show similarities and differences in terms of their capabilities and properties for predicting brain age remains largely unexplored. Here, we used movie and resting-state functional MRI data from 528 participants aged from 18 to 87 years old in the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience data set for functional network construction and further used elastic net for age prediction model building. The connectivity properties of movie and resting-state functional MRI were evaluated based on the connections supporting predictive model building. We found comparable predictive abilities of movie and resting-state connectivity in estimating brain age of individuals, as evidenced by correlation coefficients of 0.868 and 0.862 between actual and predicted age, respectively. Despite some similarities, notable differences in connectivity properties were observed between the predictive models using movie and resting-state functional MRI data, primarily involving components of the default mode network. Our results highlight that both movie and resting-state functional MRI are effective and promising techniques for predicting brain age. Leveraging its data acquisition advantages, such as improved child and patient compliance resulting in reduced motion artifacts, movie functional MRI is emerging as an important paradigm for studying brain function in pediatric and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyu Bi
- School of International Journalism and Communication, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yun Guan
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lixia Tian
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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42
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Sun F, Cui D, Jiao Q, Niu J, Zhang X, Shi Y, Liu H, Ouyang Z, Yu G, Dou R, Guo Y, Dong L, Cao W. The co-activation pattern between the DMN and other brain networks affects the cognition of older adults: evidence from naturalistic stimulation fMRI data. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad466. [PMID: 38044469 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain function changes affect cognitive functions in older adults, yet the relationship between cognition and the dynamic changes of brain networks during naturalistic stimulation is not clear. Here, we recruited the young, middle-aged and older groups from the Cambridge Center for Aging and Neuroscience to investigate the relationship between dynamic metrics of brain networks and cognition using functional magnetic resonance imaging data during movie-watching. We found six reliable co-activation pattern (CAP) states of brain networks grouped into three pairs with opposite activation patterns in three age groups. Compared with young and middle-aged adults, older adults dwelled shorter time in CAP state 4 with deactivated default mode network (DMN) and activated salience, frontoparietal and dorsal-attention networks (DAN), and longer time in state 6 with deactivated DMN and activated DAN and visual network, suggesting altered dynamic interaction between DMN and other brain networks might contribute to cognitive decline in older adults. Meanwhile, older adults showed easier transfer from state 6 to state 3 (activated DMN and deactivated sensorimotor network), suggesting that the fragile antagonism between DMN and other cognitive networks might contribute to cognitive decline in older adults. Our findings provided novel insights into aberrant brain network dynamics associated with cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhu Sun
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an 271099, China
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Dong Cui
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an 271099, China
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Qing Jiao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an 271099, China
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Jinpeng Niu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Haiqin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Ruhai Dou
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Yongxin Guo
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Li Dong
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Weifang Cao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an 271099, China
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
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43
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Xie J, Wang Y, Ye C, Li XJ, Lin L. Distinctive Patterns of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:636. [PMID: 38203806 PMCID: PMC10779130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by cognitive and social dysfunction. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors are together implicated in the pathogenesis and development of schizophrenia. DNA methylation, 5-methycytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxylcytosine (5hmC) have been recognized as key epigenetic elements in neurodevelopment, ageing, and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, distinctive 5mC and 5hmC pattern and expression changes of related genes have been discovered in schizophrenia. Antipsychotic drugs that affect 5mC status can alleviate symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting a critical role for DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Further exploring the signatures of 5mC and 5hmC in schizophrenia and developing precision-targeted epigenetic drugs based on this will provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (J.X.); (Y.W.); (C.Y.); (X.-J.L.)
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44
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Nobukawa S, Ikeda T, Kikuchi M, Takahashi T. Atypical instantaneous spatio-temporal patterns of neural dynamics in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:88. [PMID: 38167950 PMCID: PMC10761722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive functions produced by large-scale neural integrations are the most representative 'emergence phenomena' in complex systems. A novel approach focusing on the instantaneous phase difference of brain oscillations across brain regions has succeeded in detecting moment-to-moment dynamic functional connectivity. However, it is restricted to pairwise observations of two brain regions, contrary to large-scale spatial neural integration in the whole-brain. In this study, we introduce a microstate analysis to capture whole-brain instantaneous phase distributions instead of pairwise differences. Upon applying this method to electroencephalography signals of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterised by progressive cognitive decline, the AD-specific state transition among the four states defined as the leading phase location due to the loss of brain regional interactions could be promptly characterised. In conclusion, our synthetic analysis approach, focusing on the microstate and instantaneous phase, enables the capture of the instantaneous spatiotemporal neural dynamics of brain activity and characterises its pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sou Nobukawa
- Department of Computer Science, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, 275-0016, Chiba, Japan.
- Research Center for Mathematical Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, 275-0016, Chiba, Japan.
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, 187-8661, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ikeda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka, Yoshida, 910-1193, Fukui, Japan
- Uozu Shinkei Sanatorium, 1784-1 Eguchi, Uozu, 937-0017, Toyama, Japan
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45
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Jameei H, Rakesh D, Zalesky A, Cairns MJ, Reay WR, Wray NR, Di Biase MA. Linking Polygenic Risk of Schizophrenia to Variation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain Measures: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:32-46. [PMID: 37354489 PMCID: PMC10754175 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Schizophrenia is highly heritable, with a polygenic effect of many genes conferring risk. Evidence on whether cumulative risk also predicts alterations in brain morphology and function is inconsistent. This systematic review examined evidence for schizophrenia polygenic risk score (sczPRS) associations with commonly used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures. We expected consistent evidence to emerge for significant sczPRS associations with variation in structure and function, specifically in frontal, temporal, and insula cortices that are commonly implicated in schizophrenia pathophysiology. STUDY DESIGN In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO for peer-reviewed studies published between January 2013 and March 2022. Studies were screened against predetermined criteria and National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tools. STUDY RESULTS In total, 57 studies of T1-weighted structural, diffusion, and functional MRI were included (age range = 9-80 years, Nrange = 64-76 644). We observed moderate, albeit preliminary, evidence for higher sczPRS predicting global reductions in cortical thickness and widespread variation in functional connectivity, and to a lesser extent, region-specific reductions in frontal and temporal volume and thickness. Conversely, sczPRS does not predict whole-brain surface area or gray/white matter volume. Limited evidence emerged for sczPRS associations with diffusion tensor measures of white matter microstructure in a large community sample and smaller cohorts of children and young adults. These findings were broadly consistent across community and clinical populations. CONCLUSIONS Our review supports the hypothesis that schizophrenia is a disorder of disrupted within and between-region brain connectivity, and points to specific whole-brain and regional MRI metrics that may provide useful intermediate phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Jameei
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Divyangana Rakesh
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - William R Reay
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maria A Di Biase
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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46
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Rosenstand NJ, Nielsen AS, Skøt L, Anhøj S, Nielsen DG, Højlund M, Mellentin AI. Pharmacological Treatment of Alcohol use Disorder in Patients with Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1129-1143. [PMID: 36582063 PMCID: PMC10964102 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221229160300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with psychotic disorders (PD) often have comorbid alcohol use disorder (AUD), which is typically treated pharmacologically. Up till now, no systematic review has examined the effectiveness and safety of AUD treatment in PD patients. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to systematically review the literature on (1) the effects of pharmacological treatments for AUD on drinking outcomes, (2) the side effects of the drugs, and (3) the effects of polypharmacy in patients with comorbid AUD and PD. METHODS Bibliographic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO. At least two reviewers extracted the data, assessed the risk of bias, and performed the qualitative synthesis of the collected evidence. RESULTS Twelve eligible studies were identified, half being randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Three studies examined disulfiram, nine naltrexone, two acamprosate, and one nalmefene by comparing the effects of treatment to placebo, baseline, or pharmacological agents. Disulfiram and naltrexone were shown to reduce alcohol intake. Regarding acamprosate, the findings were mixed. Nalmefene decreased alcohol intake. All pharmacological agents appeared safe to use as AUD monotherapy, but cardiac events were reported when combining naltrexone and disulfiram. Nine studies had a high risk of bias, and three had some other concerns. CONCLUSION The studies provide tentative support for the use of naltrexone and disulfiram in this population, although combinations of pharmacological AUD treatments and other polypharmacy remain unexplored. The studies had high adherence rates that are hardly replicable in real-world settings. Thus, the findings should be confirmed in larger high quality efficacy and effectiveness RCTs with longer follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Jørgen Rosenstand
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anette Søgaard Nielsen
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence (BRIDGE), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lotte Skøt
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Simon Anhøj
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Region of Southern Denmark, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Grüner Nielsen
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Drug Treatment Center Odense, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Højlund
- Drug Treatment Center Odense, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry Aabenraa, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Angelina Isabella Mellentin
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit for Telepsychiatry and E-Mental Health, Center for Telepsychiatry, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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An SJ, Choi S, Hwang JS, Park S, Jang M, Kim M, Kwon JS. Aberrant hyperfocusing in schizophrenia indicated by elevated theta phase-gamma amplitude coupling. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 157:88-95. [PMID: 38064931 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate electroencephalographic (EEG) markers of aberrant hyperfocusing, a novel framework of impaired selective attention, in schizophrenia patients by using theta phase-gamma amplitude coupling (TGC). METHODS Fifty-four schizophrenia patients and 73 healthy controls (HCs) underwent EEG recording during an auditory oddball paradigm. For the standard and target conditions, TGC was calculated using the source signals from 25 brain regions of interest (ROIs) related to attention networks and sensory processing; TGC values were then compared across groups and conditions using two-way analysis of covariance. Correlations of altered TGC with performance on the Trail Making Test Parts A and B (TMT-A/B), were explored. RESULTS Compared to HCs, schizophrenia patients showed elevated TGC in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and superior temporal gyrus in the standard condition but not in the target condition. Correlation analyses revealed that the TGC in the left IFG was positively correlated with the TMT-A/B completion times. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant hyperfocusing, as reflected by elevated TGC in attention-related brain regions, was related to behavioral performance on the TMT-A/B in schizophrenia patients. SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that TGC is a electrophysiological marker for aberrant hyperfocusing of attentional processes that may result in cognitive impairments in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin An
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunah Choi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seo Hwang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonyoung Jang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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48
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Zhang X, Tremblay P. Aging of Amateur Singers and Non-singers: From Behavior to Resting-state Connectivity. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:2049-2066. [PMID: 37788320 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with extensive changes in brain structure and physiology, with impacts on cognition and communication. The "mental exercise hypothesis" proposes that certain lifestyle factors such as singing-perhaps the most universal and accessible music-making activity-can affect cognitive functioning and reduce cognitive decline in aging, but the neuroplastic mechanisms involved remain unclear. To address this question, we examined the association between age and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in 84 healthy singers and nonsingers in five networks (auditory, speech, language, default mode, and dorsal attention) and its relationship to auditory cognitive aging. Participants underwent cognitive testing and fMRI. Our results show that RSFC is not systematically lower with aging and that connectivity patterns vary between singers and nonsingers. Furthermore, our results show that RSFC of the precuneus in the default mode network was associated with auditory cognition. In these regions, lower RSFC was associated with better auditory cognitive performance for both singers and nonsingers. Our results show, for the first time, that basic brain physiology differs in singers and nonsingers and that some of these differences are associated with cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Zhang
- Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Pascale Tremblay
- Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
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Yi C, Fan Y, Wu Y. Cross-module switching diversity of brain network nodes in resting and cognitive states. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:1485-1499. [PMID: 37974588 PMCID: PMC10640499 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09894-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale brain network dynamics reflect state change in brain activities and have potential effects on cognition. Such dynamics can be described by node temporal switching between modules; however, there are only a few studies on the influence of brain network node switching on brain cognition. Based on the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of resting and task states, we constructed dynamic functional networks using overlap sliding-time windows and applied multilayer network analysis to study the behaviours of nodes across brain modules. We found that (i) nodes with a high level switching rate in the resting-state mainly come from the default network, while nodes with a low level of switching rate mainly come from the visual network, (ii) nodes with a high switching rate have lower clustering coefficients and shorter characteristic path lengths, which are mainly affected by the somatomotor network and dorsal attention network; and (iii) in task states, there is still a negative correlation between switching rate, clustering coefficient and characteristic path length. However, the main subsystems that affect brain functions are regulated by the tasks. Our findings not only reveal the relevant characteristics of network node switching behaviours but also provide new insights for further understanding the complex functions of the brain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-022-09894-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures and School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Yongchen Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures and School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures and School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanics Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
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50
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Yamada R, Wada A, Stickley A, Yokoi Y, Sumiyoshi T. Augmentation therapy with serotonin 1A receptor partial agonists on neurocognitive function in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res Cogn 2023; 34:100290. [PMID: 37732133 PMCID: PMC10507645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2023.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Background In a previous meta-analysis, the use of serotonin1A(5-HT1A) receptor partial agonists of the azapirone class as an add-on therapy was associated with beneficial effects on positive symptoms and attention/processing speed in schizophrenia patients. This meta-analysis builds on that study by examining the effects of adjunctive treatment with 5-HT1A partial agonists in improving other domains of neurocognitive function in schizophrenia patients. Methods A literature search was performed from 1987 to May 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) was calculated when there were two or more studies. Four studies, involving 313 patients, met the inclusion criteria and were used in the analysis. Results 5-HT1A partial agonists (buspirone or tandospirone) did not have a significant effect on verbal learning (SMD = 0.08, 95 % CI = -0.31 to 0.47) or working memory (SMD = 0.15, 95 % CI = -0.09 to 0.39). Regarding executive functions (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test), positive but non-significant results were seen with the category number (SMD = 0.26, 95 % CI = -0.81 to 1.32), while non-significant effects were noted for percent preservation errors (SMD = -0.10, 95 % CI = -0.53 to 0.33). Conclusions The absence of any significant benefits in the cognitive domains studied here may have been due to the variance in the concomitant medication (typical vs atypical antipsychotic drugs), the level of cognition at baseline, or other factors. Further studies with various types of 5-HT1A agonists are warranted to examine the potential cognitive efficacy of stimulating these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Yamada
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Ayumu Wada
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
- Department of Brain Bioregulatory Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Andrew Stickley
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Yuma Yokoi
- Department of Educational Promotion, Clinical Research and Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
- Department of Brain Bioregulatory Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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