Spontaneous epidural hematoma due to cervico-thoracic angiolipoma

Demographic and clinical data of patients with spinal epidural angiolipomas

Spinal epidural angiolipomas are rare, benign, mesenchymal tumors. It remains unclear whether spinal epidural angiolipomas are genuinely rare or merely underreported. Herein, we assessed the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with spinal epidural angiolipoma. We collected data from patients with spinal epidural angiolipoma from three sources. First, we retrospectively analyzed data from patients diagnosed with spinal epidural angiolipoma in our hospital between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2023. Second, we performed a literature review of studies retrieved from PubMed. Third, we retrieved detailed data of patients with spinal angiolipoma from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We conducted a descriptive analysis to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with spinal epidural angiolipoma. At our institution, three patients were diagnosed with spinal epidural angiolipoma. Additionally, we identified 116 patients from the literature review and 15 patients from the SEER database. We reviewed the treatment history and imaging features of the three patients from our institution. The descriptive analysis of the data collected from the literature review was consistent with previous reports. For example, 63.0% of lesions were located at the thoracic level. 31.9% of these lesions involved two vertebral bodies, while 75.6% involved 2-4 vertebral bodies. The most common symptoms experienced by patients were back pain, paraparesis, and numbness in the legs. Surgery was the primary treatment option for most patients, and complete tumor resection was achieved in the majority of patients. The male:female ratio was 1:1.4, the median age at diagnosis for the patients from the literature was 49 years old, and the median follow-up was 24 months. Notably, most of the reports came from Asia and there were few reports from Africa. The findings from the SEER database indicated a male:female ratio of 2:1. The peak incidence, which is typically reported in the fifth decade of life, was not observed. We presented three cases of spinal epidural angiolipoma and supplemented our findings with a literature review and population-based analysis according to the SEER database for the United States population. We believe that our research will enhance clinicians' comprehension of this uncommon tumor.

Spinal angiolipoma: a report of two cases and review of the literature

Spinal angiolipomas (SALs) are extremely rare benign tumors composed of both mature fatty tissue and anomalous vascular channels. We present two cases of SALs and review the clinical presentation, radiological appearance, pathological aspects, and treatment of this distinct clinicopathological mass. The patients’ neurologic symptoms improved postoperatively and follow-up revealed no signs of tumor recurrence or neurological deficit. SAL should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with spinal cord compression. Magnetic resonance imaging is important for detecting and characterizing SALs. The gold standard treatment modality should be total resection.

Spinal angiolipoma: Presentation of two cases and review of the literature for the years 2012-2017

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES

Angiolipomas of the spinal canal are a rare condition of unknown origin. They are considered histologically benign; however, some have the potential to infiltrate adjacent structures. The aim of this systematic review was to suggest a potential mechanism for the pathogenesis of spinal angiolipomas, along with a useful approach for their preoperative management.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A literature review of cases of spinal angiolipoma was performed. In addition, two of the cases encountered in our practice are presented. The first case refers to a 35-year-old male patient with a history of spinal fusion because of a T9 fracture, while the second concerns a 46-year-old male patient with an epidural mass extending outside the spinal canal, who underwent fine needle biopsy and embolisation of its feeding vessel.

RESULTS

From the review of the literature performed, we were unable to identify any correlation between the infiltrative potential and the patients' demographic and tumour characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS

Angiolipomas are considered to be sporadic, yet theories concerning their pathogenesis include reaction to harmful stimuli and congenital malformation of the adipose tissue. Fine needle biopsy may be mistakenly considered non-diagnostic, due to the presence of well-differentiated adipocytes.

Spinal extradural angiolipomas: 7 new cases and review of the literature

INTRODUCTION

We present our experience with the diagnosis and treatment of spinal angiolipomas (SAL).

METHODS

We used our database of surgical patients to gather epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, treatment, and follow-up data from confirmed cases of SAL. Patients' functional status was evaluated using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score for thoracic myelopathy.

RESULTS

We included 7 patients with ages ranging between 42 and 63 years; 4 were women. Lesions in all patients were located in the thoracic epidural space; in 2 cases, lesions extended outside the spinal canal. The most frequent form of presentation was pain combined with progressive myelopathy; patients scored 5 to 9 points on the mJOA scale. Radiological findings varied; this variability clearly depended on the proportion of tumour components (cellular variant in one case, predominantly angiomatous in another, and myxoid in yet another case). Four cases displayed radiological signs of bone involvement. Surgery resulted in excellent mJOA scores except in one case (mJOA score of 10); no recurrences were detected during follow-up (periods ranging from 1 to 5 years).

CONCLUSIONS

Extradural SAL can present with highly variable radiological and clinical features. Surgery must be tailored to each individual situation according to tumour extension; in some cases, it may include spinal reconstruction. Surgery results in excellent outcomes regardless of preoperative functional status and it is associated with low recurrence rates, even in case of incomplete resection.