1
|
Lefils O, Bertucci W, Lefils-Capitain C. Evaluation of the effect of an orthoptic exercise through a fencing mask on postural regulation and sporting gesture. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2017; 20:115-116. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2017.1382890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
2
|
Interaction between the oculomotor and postural systems during a dual-task: Compensatory reductions in head sway following visually-induced postural perturbations promote the production of accurate double-step saccades in standing human adults. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173678. [PMID: 28296958 PMCID: PMC5351857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans routinely scan their environment for useful information using saccadic eye movements and/or coordinated movements of the eyes and other body segments such the head and the torso. Most previous eye movement studies were conducted with seated subject and showed that single saccades and sequences of saccades (e.g. double-step saccades) made to briefly flashed stimuli were equally accurate and precise. As one can easily appreciate, most gaze shifts performed daily by a given person are not produced from a seated position, but rather from a standing position either as subjects perform an action from an upright stance or as they walk from one place to another. In the experiments presented here, we developed a new dual-task paradigm in order to study the interaction between the gaze control system and the postural system. Healthy adults (n = 12) were required to both maintain balance and produce accurate single-step and double-step eye saccades from a standing position. Visually-induced changes in head sway were evoked using wide-field background stimuli that either moved in the mediolateral direction or in the anteroposterior direction. We found that, as in the seated condition, single- and double-step saccades were very precise and accurate when made from a standing position, but that a tighter control of head sway was necessary in the more complex double-step saccades condition for equivalent results to be obtained. Our perturbation results support the "common goal" hypothesis that state that if necessary, as was the case during the more complex oculomotor task, context-dependent modulations of the postural system can be triggered to reduced instability and therefore support the accomplishment of a suprapostural goal.
Collapse
|
3
|
Rougier PR, Bonnet CT. How providing more or less time to solve a cognitive task interferes with upright stance control; a posturographic analysis on healthy young adults. Hum Mov Sci 2016; 47:106-115. [PMID: 26949920 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Contrasted postural effects have been reported in dual-task protocols associating balance control and cognitive task that could be explained by the nature and the relative difficulty of the cognitive task and the biomechanical significance of the force platform data. To better assess their respective role, eleven healthy young adults were required to stand upright quietly on a force platform while concomitantly solving mental-calculation or mental-navigation cognitive tasks. Various levels of difficulty were applied by adjusting the velocity rate at which the instructions were provided to the subject according to his/her maximal capacities measured beforehand. A condition without any concomitant cognitive task was added to constitute a baseline behavior. Two basic components, the horizontal center-of-gravity movements and the horizontal difference between center-of-gravity and center-of-pressures were computed from the complex center-of-pressure recorded movements. It was hypothesized that increasing the delay should infer less interaction between postural control and task solution. The results indicate that both mental-calculation and mental-navigation tasks induce reduced amplitudes for the center-of-pressure minus center-of-gravity movements, only along the mediolateral axis, whereas center-of-gravity movements were not affected, suggesting that different circuits are involved in the central nervous system to control these two movements. Moreover, increasing the delays task does not infer any effect for both movements. Since center-of-pressure minus center-of-gravity expresses the horizontal acceleration communicated to the center-of-gravity, one may assume that the control of the latter should be facilitated in dual-tasks conditions, inferring reduced center-of-gravity movements, which is not seen in our results. This lack of effect should be thus interpreted as a modification in the control of these center-of-gravity movements. Taken together, these results emphasized how undisturbed upright stance control can be impacted by mental tasks requiring attention, whatever their nature (calculation or navigation) and their relative difficulty. Depending on the provided instructions, i.e. focusing our attention on body movements or on the opposite diverting this attention toward other objectives, the evaluation of upright stance control capacities might be drastically altered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrice R Rougier
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice, EA4338, Université de Savoie, Domaine Scientifique de Savoie-Technolac, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac cedex, France.
| | - Cédrick T Bonnet
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et de Sciences Affectives, UMR CNRS 9193, Faculté de Médecine, pôle recherche, 59045 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jimenez S, Hollands M, Palmisano S, Kim J, Markoulli M, McAndrew D, Stamenkovic A, Walsh J, Bos S, Stapley PJ. Age-related effects of increasing postural challenge on eye movement onset latencies to visual targets. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:1599-609. [PMID: 26838356 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
When a single light cue is given in the visual field, our eyes orient towards it with an average latency of 200 ms. If a second cue is presented at or around the time of the response to the first, a secondary eye movement occurs that represents a reorientation to the new target. While studies have shown that eye movement latencies to 'single-step' targets may or may not be lengthened with age, secondary eye movements (during 'double-step' displacements) are significantly delayed with increasing age. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the postural challenge posed simply by standing (as opposed to sitting) results in significantly longer eye movement latencies in older adults compared to the young. Ten young (<35 years) and 10 older healthy adults (>65 years) participated in the study. They were required to fixate upon a central target and move their eyes in response to 2 types of stimuli: (1) a single-step perturbation of target position either 15° to the right or left and (2) a double-step target displacement incorporating an initial target jump to the right or left by 15°, followed after 200 ms, by a shift of target position to the opposite side (e.g. +15° then -15°). All target displacement conditions were executed in sit and stand positions with the participant at the same distance from the targets. Eye movements were recorded using electro-oculography. Older adults did not show significantly longer eye movement latencies than the younger adults for single-step target displacements, and postural configuration (stand compared to sit) had no effect upon latencies for either group. We categorised double-step trials into those during which the second light changed after or before the onset of the eye shift to the first light. For the former category, young participants showed faster secondary eye shifts to the second light in the standing position, while the older adults did not. For the latter category of double-step trial, young participants showed no significant difference between sit and stand secondary eye movement latencies, but older adults were significantly longer standing compared to sitting. The older adults were significantly longer than the younger adults across both postural conditions, regardless of when the second light change occurred during the eye shift to the first light. We suggest that older adults require greater time and perhaps attentional processes to execute eye movements to unexpected changes in target position when faced with the need to maintain standing balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Jimenez
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Mark Hollands
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen Palmisano
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Juno Kim
- Faculty of Science, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Maria Markoulli
- Faculty of Science, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Darryl McAndrew
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Alexander Stamenkovic
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Joel Walsh
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Sophie Bos
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Paul J Stapley
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Matheron E, Yang Q, Delpit-Baraut V, Dailly O, Kapoula Z. Active ocular vergence improves postural control in elderly as close viewing distance with or without a single cognitive task. Neurosci Lett 2016; 610:24-9. [PMID: 26522373 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Performance of the vestibular, visual, and somatosensory systems decreases with age, reducing the capacity of postural control, and increasing the risk of falling. The purpose of this study is to measure the effects of vision, active vergence eye movements, viewing distance/vergence angle and a simple cognitive task on postural control during an upright stance, in completely autonomous elderly individuals. Participated in the study, 23 elderly subjects (73.4 ± 6.8 years) who were enrolled in a center dedicated to the prevention of falling. Their body oscillations were measured with the DynaPort(®) device, with three accelerometers, placed at the lumbosacral level, near the center of mass. The conditions were the following: eyes open fixating on LED at 20 cm or 150 cm (vergence angle 17.0° and 2.3° respectively) with or without additional cognitive tasks (counting down from one hundred), performing active vergence by alternating the fixation between the far and the near LED (convergence and divergence), eyes closed after having fixated the far LED. The results showed that the postural stability significantly decreased when fixating on the LED at a far distance (weak convergence angle) with or without cognitive tasks; active convergence-divergence between the LEDs improved the postural stability while eye closure decreased it. The privilege of proximity (with increased convergence at near), previously established with foot posturography, is shown here to be valid for accelerometry with the center of mass in elderly. Another major result is the beneficial contribution of active vergence eye movements to better postural stability. The results bring new perspectives for the role of eye movement training to preserve postural control and autonomy in elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Matheron
- IRIS Team-Physiopathologie de la Vision et Motricité Binoculaire, CNRS FR3636 Neurosciences, UFR Biomédicale, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Qing Yang
- IRIS Team-Physiopathologie de la Vision et Motricité Binoculaire, CNRS FR3636 Neurosciences, UFR Biomédicale, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Delpit-Baraut
- IRIS Team-Physiopathologie de la Vision et Motricité Binoculaire, CNRS FR3636 Neurosciences, UFR Biomédicale, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dailly
- Association À la Découverte de l'Âge Libre (ADAL), 9 rue Edouard Pailleron, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Zoï Kapoula
- IRIS Team-Physiopathologie de la Vision et Motricité Binoculaire, CNRS FR3636 Neurosciences, UFR Biomédicale, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Movement of the lumbar spine is critical for maintenance of postural recovery following support surface perturbation. Exp Brain Res 2013; 231:305-13. [PMID: 24036601 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Repeated measures design. This study examined recovery of postural equilibrium (centre of pressure (COP) excursion, time to recover balance, and the number of postural adjustments) following unexpected support surface perturbation in healthy participants with and without a rigid lumbar corset to reduce lumbar motion. Lumbar spine movement is thought to aid postural stability, especially when a "hip" (lumbopelvic) strategy is required, such as in response to large and fast perturbations. Delayed onset of lumbar spine movement in association with prolonged postural recovery in chronic low back pain implies reduced spinal motion could underpin balance deficits in this group. However, other explanations such as poor proprioception cannot be excluded, and the relationship between lumbar movement and postural stability remains unclear. We hypothesized restricted lumbar spine movement would impair control of postural recovery following support surface perturbation. Participants regained postural stability following unexpected support surface perturbations in different directions (forward and backward), with different amplitudes (small, medium, and large), with and without restriction of spine motion by a hard lumbar corset. Although the latency of the postural adjustment was unaffected by the corset, the quality of postural recovery was compromised (increased COP range, time taken for postural recovery, and number of postural adjustments) during recovery, especially in response to large perturbation. Restriction of lumbar spine movement adversely affects postural recovery. The results suggest movement of the lumbar spine, although small in amplitude, is critical for efficient recovery of standing balance.
Collapse
|
7
|
Legrand A, Mazars KD, Lazzareschi J, Lemoine C, Olivier I, Barra J, Bucci MP. Differing effects of prosaccades and antisaccades on postural stability. Exp Brain Res 2013; 227:397-405. [PMID: 23649967 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to examine the effect of different types of eye movements on postural stability. Ten healthy young adults (25 ± 3 years) participated in the study. Postural control was measured by the TechnoConcept© platform and recorded in Standard Romberg and Tandem Romberg conditions while participants performed five oculomotor tasks: two fixation tasks (central fixation cross, without and with distractors), two prosaccade tasks toward peripheral targets displayed 4° to the left or to the right of the fixation cross (reactive saccades induced by a gap 0 ms paradigm and voluntary saccades induced by an overlap 600 ms paradigm) and one antisaccade task (voluntary saccade made in the opposite direction of the visual target). The surface, the length, and the mean speed of the center of pressure were analyzed. We found that saccadic eye movements improved postural stability with respect to the fixation tasks. Furthermore, antisaccades were found to decrease postural stability compared to prosaccades (reactive as well as voluntary saccades). This result is in line with the U-shaped nonlinear model described by Lacour et al. (Neurophysiol Clin 38:411-421, 2008), showing that a secondary task performed during a postural task could increase (prosaccade task) or decrease (antisacade task) postural stability depending on its complexity. We suggest that the different degree of attentional resources needed for performing prosaccade or antisaccade tasks are, most likely, responsible for the different effect on postural control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Legrand
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neuropsychologie Cognitives, FRE 3292 CNRS, IUPDP, Université Paris Descartes, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Legrand A, Bui-Quoc E, Doré-Mazars K, Lemoine C, Gérard CL, Bucci MP. Effect of a dual task on postural control in dyslexic children. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35301. [PMID: 22523583 PMCID: PMC3327646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have examined postural control in dyslexic children; however, their results were inconclusive. This study investigated the effect of a dual task on postural stability in dyslexic children. Eighteen dyslexic children (mean age 10.3±1.2 years) were compared with eighteen non-dyslexic children of similar age. Postural stability was recorded with a platform (TechnoConcept®) while the child, in separate sessions, made reflex horizontal and vertical saccades of 10° of amplitude, and read a text silently. We measured the surface and the mean speed of the center of pressure (CoP). Reading performance was assessed by counting the number of words read during postural measures. Both groups of children were more stable while performing saccades than while reading a text. Furthermore, dyslexic children were significantly more unstable than non-dyslexic children, especially during the reading task. Finally, the number of words read by dyslexic children was significantly lower than that of non-dyslexic children and, in contrast to the non-dyslexic children. In line with the U-shaped non-linear interaction model, we suggest that the attention consumed by the reading task could be responsible for the loss of postural control in both groups of children. The postural instability observed in dyslexic children supports the hypothesis that such children have a lack of integration of multiple sensorimotor inputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Legrand
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neuropsychologie Cognitives, IUPDP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut de Psychologie, Boulogne Billancourt, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Munoz F, Salmochi JF, Faouën P, Rougier P. Low back pain sufferers: is standing postural balance facilitated by a lordotic lumbar brace? Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2010; 96:362-6. [PMID: 20452305 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of a lumbar lordosis orthotic device in the treatment of discogenic low back pain could be a valuable option and rehabilitation tool. The lumbar lordosis brace has been designed to meet these requirements and acts as a reminder to the patient to maintain a physiological lumbar lordosis curvature since it comprises a vertical panel on the chest and a curved rigid shell at the back. This lumbar lordosis brace exerts the necessary degree of compression in the lumbar region and achieves correction of the sagittal plane spine balance to improve postural control of the lumbar spine. Quantitative analysis of the centre of pressure (CoP) deviations, which are necessary to maintain the standing posture helps evaluate the impact of such device on postural balance. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eleven patients suffering from lumbar pain with discopathy (seven females and four males) had to stand on a force platform with their eyes closed under two basic conditions (fitted or not with a lumbar lordosis brace). RESULTS On the antero-posterior axis, the lordosis brace achieved a 6mm CP deviation from its mean position and a 51% reduction in the mean displacement prior to the initiation of the postural control mechanisms. DISCUSSION The forces applied by the lumbar lordosis brace (through compression and/or change in the spinal sagittal balance) seem to improve the quality of the patient's balance strategy. Posturography appears as a valuable tool for in situ investigation of the postural benefits achieved when using a thoracolumbosacral orthosis in patients suffering from lumbar pain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE LEVEL IV: .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Munoz
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, EA4338, scientific area of Savoie-Technolac, Savoie University, Le-Bourget-du-Lac, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Boudrahem S, Rougier PR. Relation between postural control assessment with eyes open and centre of pressure visual feedback effects in healthy individuals. Exp Brain Res 2009; 195:145-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-009-1761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
|