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Roychaudhuri S, Hannon K, Sunwoo J, Garvey AA, El-Dib M. Quantitative EEG and prediction of outcome in neonatal encephalopathy: a review. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03138-y. [PMID: 38503980 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is an important biomarker for neonatal encephalopathy (NE) and has significant predictive value for brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Quantitative analysis of EEG involves the representation of complex EEG data in an objective, reproducible and scalable manner. Quantitative EEG (qEEG) can be derived from both a limited channel EEG (as available during amplitude integrated EEG) and multi-channel conventional EEG. It has the potential to enable bedside clinicians to monitor and evaluate details of cortical function without the necessity of continuous expert input. This is particularly useful in NE, a dynamic and evolving condition. In these infants, continuous, detailed evaluation of cortical function at the bedside is a valuable aide to management especially in the current era of therapeutic hypothermia and possible upcoming neuroprotective therapies. This review discusses the role of qEEG in newborns with NE and its use in informing monitoring and therapy, along with its ability to predict imaging changes and short and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. IMPACT: Quantitative representation of EEG data brings the evaluation of continuous brain function, from the neurophysiology lab to the NICU bedside and has a potential role as a biomarker for neonatal encephalopathy. Clinical and research applications of quantitative EEG in the newborn are rapidly evolving and a wider understanding of its utility is valuable. This overview summarizes the role of quantitative EEG at different timepoints, its relevance to management and its predictive value for short- and long-term outcomes in neonatal encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriya Roychaudhuri
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie Hannon
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Sunwoo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aisling A Garvey
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- INFANT Research Centre, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mohamed El-Dib
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Bourel-Ponchel E, Querne L, Flamein F, Ghostine-Ramadan G, Wallois F, Lamblin MD. The prognostic value of neonatal conventional-EEG monitoring in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy during therapeutic hypothermia. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:58-66. [PMID: 35711160 PMCID: PMC10084260 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the prognostic value of conventional electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). METHOD In this multicentre retrospective study, 95 full-term neonates (mean of 39.3wks gestational age [SD 1.4], 36 [38%] females, 59 [62%] males) with HIE (2013-2016) undergoing therapeutic hypothermia were divided between favourable or adverse outcomes. Background EEG activity (French classification scale: 0-1-2-3-4-5) and epileptic seizure burden (epileptic seizure scale: 0-1-2) were graded for seven 6-hour periods. Conventional EEG monitoring was investigated by principal component analysis (PCA), with clustering methods to extract prognostic biomarkers of development at 2 years and infant death. RESULTS Eighty-one per cent of infants with an adverse outcome had a French classification scale equal to or greater than 3 after H48 (100% at H6-12). The H6-12 epileptic seizure scale was equal to or greater than 1 for 39%, increased to 52% at H30-36 and then remained equal to or greater than 1 for 39% after H48. Forty-five per cent of infants with a favourable outcome had a H6-12 French classification scale equal to or greater than 3, which dropped to 5% after H48; 13% had a H6-12 epileptic seizure scale equal to or greater than 1 but no seizures after H48. Clustering methods based on PCA showed the high efficiency (96%) of conventional EEG monitoring for outcome prediction and allowed the definition of three prognostic EEG biomarkers: H6-78 French classification scale mean, H6-78 French classification scale slope, and H30-78 epileptic seizure scale mean. INTERPRETATION Early lability and recovery of physiological features is prognostic of a favourable outcome. Seizure onset from the second day should also be considered to accurately predict neurodevelopment in HIE and support the importance of conventional EEG monitoring in HIE in infants cooled with therapeutic hypothermia. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Comprehensive analysis showed the high prognostic efficiency (96%) of conventional electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring. Prognostic EEG biomarkers consist of the grade of background EEG activity, its evolution, and the mean seizure burden. Persistent seizures (H48) without an improvement in background EEG activity were consistently associated with an adverse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bourel-Ponchel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1105, Research Group on Multimodal Analysis of Brain Function, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Pediatric Neurophysiology Unit, Amiens Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Laurent Querne
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1105, Research Group on Multimodal Analysis of Brain Function, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Florence Flamein
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ghida Ghostine-Ramadan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1105, Research Group on Multimodal Analysis of Brain Function, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Fabrice Wallois
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1105, Research Group on Multimodal Analysis of Brain Function, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Pediatric Neurophysiology Unit, Amiens Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
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Wang X, Liu H, Ortigoza EB, Kota S, Liu Y, Zhang R, Chalak LF. Feasibility of EEG Phase-Amplitude Coupling to Stratify Encephalopathy Severity in Neonatal HIE Using Short Time Window. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070854. [PMID: 35884659 PMCID: PMC9313332 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Goal: It is challenging to clinically discern the severity of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) within hours after birth in time for therapeutic decision-making for hypothermia. The goal of this study was to determine the shortest duration of the EEG based PAC index to provide real-time guidance for clinical decision-making for neonates with HIE. Methods: Neonates were recruited from a single-center Level III NICU between 2017 and 2019. A time-dependent, PAC-frequency-averaged index, tPACm, was calculated to characterize intrinsic coupling between the amplitudes of 12−30 Hz and the phases of 1−2 Hz oscillation from 6-h EEG data at electrode P3 during the first day of life, using different sizes of moving windows including 10 s, 20 s, 1 min, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 60 min, and 120 min. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to examine the performance of the accurate window tPACm as a neurophysiologic biomarker. Results: A total of 33 neonates (mild-HIE, n = 15 and moderate/severe HIE, n = 18) were enrolled. Mixed effects models demonstrated that tPACm between the two groups was significantly different with window time segments of 3−120 min. By observing the estimates of group differences in tPACm across different window sizes, we found 20 min was the shortest window size to optimally distinguish the two groups (p < 0.001). Time-varying ROC showed significant average area-under-the-curve of 0.82. Conclusions: We demonstrated the feasibility of using tPACm with a 20 min EEG time window to differentiate the severity of HIE and facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 75220, USA; (X.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 75220, USA; (X.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Eric B. Ortigoza
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75220, USA;
| | - Srinivas Kota
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75220, USA;
| | - Yulun Liu
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75220, USA;
| | - Rong Zhang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75220, USA;
| | - Lina F. Chalak
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75220, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-214-648-3753; Fax: +1-214-648-2481
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Delval A, Girard B, Lacan L, Chaton L, Flamein F, Storme L, Derambure P, The Tich SN, Lamblin MD, Betrouni N. Neurophysiological recordings improve the accuracy of the evaluation of the outcome in perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022; 36:51-56. [PMID: 34890946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objective was to evaluate the potential additional value of electroencephalogram (EEG) and evoked potentials in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy to predict their disability at 1 and 2 years old. METHODS 30 full-term infants after perinatal asphyxia who underwent therapeutic hypothermia were evaluated at 1 year and 2 years for disability using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health classification. Scores for EEG, sensory evoked potentials and brainstem auditory evoked potentials were evaluated after withdrawal of therapeutic hypothermia that lasted 72 h. A regression approach was investigated to build models allowing to distinguish neonates according to their disability at 1 and 2 years. Two models were built, the first by considering the clinical data and EEG before and after therapeutic hypothermia and the second by incorporating evoked potentials recording. RESULTS Adding EEG and evoked potentials data after rewarming improved dramatically the accuracy of the model considering outcome at 1 and 2 years. INTERPRETATION We propose to record systematically EEG and evoked potentials following rewarming to predict the outcome of neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Combination of altered evoked potentials with no improvement of EEG after rewarming appeared to be a robust criterion for a poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Delval
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1172 - Lille, Neuroscience Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Lille University Medical Center, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Barbara Girard
- Children Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institut Régional de Réadaptation, Flavigny sur Moselle, France
| | - Laure Lacan
- EA4489, Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology Department, Lille University Medical Center, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Laurence Chaton
- Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Lille University Medical Center, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Florence Flamein
- EA4489, Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, France
| | - Laurent Storme
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Lille University Medical Center, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Derambure
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1172 - Lille, Neuroscience Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Lille University Medical Center, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sylvie Nguyen The Tich
- EA4489, Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology Department, Lille University Medical Center, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Dominique Lamblin
- Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Lille University Medical Center, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Nacim Betrouni
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1172 - Lille, Neuroscience Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France
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Chalak L, Hellstrom-Westas L, Bonifacio S, Tsuchida T, Chock V, El-Dib M, Massaro AN, Garcia-Alix A. Bedside and laboratory neuromonitoring in neonatal encephalopathy. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 26:101273. [PMID: 34393094 PMCID: PMC8627431 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2021.101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several bedside and laboratory neuromonitoring tools are currently used in neonatal encephalopathy (NE) to assess 1) brain function [amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) and EEG], 2) cerebral oxygenation delivery and consumption [near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)] and 3) blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. The aim of the review is to provide the role of neuromonitoring in understanding the development of brain injury in these newborns and better predict their long-term outcome. Simultaneous use of these monitoring modalities may improve our ability to provide meaningful prognostic information regarding ongoing treatments. Evidence will be summarized in this review for each of these modalities, by describing (1) the methods, (2) the clinical evidence in context of NE both before and with hypothermia, and (3) the research and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chalak
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA.
| | - L Hellstrom-Westas
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Division of Neonatology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden.
| | - S Bonifacio
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine; 750 Welch Road, Suite 315, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - T Tsuchida
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Children's National Hospital Division of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy and Critical Care, 111 Michigan Ave NW, West Wing, 4th Floor, Washington DC, 20010-2970, USA.
| | - V Chock
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine; 750 Welch Road, Suite 315, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - M El-Dib
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, CWN#418, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - AN Massaro
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Division of Neonatology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, USA
| | - A Garcia-Alix
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; NeNe Foundation, Madrid, Spain; Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Koskela T, Kendall GS, Memon S, Sokolska M, Mabuza T, Huertas-Ceballos A, Mitra S, Robertson NJ, Meek J, Whitehead K. Prognostic value of neonatal EEG following therapeutic hypothermia in survivors of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2091-2100. [PMID: 34284244 PMCID: PMC8407358 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early prediction of neurological deficits following neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) may help to target support. Neonatal animal models suggest that recovery following hypoxia-ischemia depends upon cortical bursting. To test whether this holds in human neonates, we correlated the magnitude of cortical bursting during recovery (≥postnatal day 3) with neurodevelopmental outcomes. METHODS We identified 41 surviving infants who received therapeutic hypothermia for HIE (classification at hospital discharge: 19 mild, 18 moderate, 4 severe) and had 9-channel electroencephalography (EEG) recordings as part of their routine care. We correlated burst power with Bayley-III cognitive, motor and language scores at median 24 months. To examine whether EEG offered additional prognostic information, we controlled for structural MRI findings. RESULTS Higher power of central and occipital cortical bursts predicted worse cognitive and language outcomes, and higher power of central cortical bursts predicted worse motor outcome, all independently of structural MRI findings. CONCLUSIONS Clinical EEG after postnatal day 3 may provide additional prognostic information by indexing persistent active mechanisms that either support recovery or exacerbate brain damage, especially in infants with less severe encephalopathy. SIGNIFICANCE These findings could allow for the effect of clinical interventions in the neonatal period to be studied instantaneously in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Koskela
- Research IT Services, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK.
| | - Giles S Kendall
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospitals, London WC1E 6DB, UK; Academic Neonatology, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London WC1E 6HU, UK.
| | - Sara Memon
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Magdalena Sokolska
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospitals, London WC1E 6DB, UK.
| | - Thalitha Mabuza
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospitals, London WC1E 6DB, UK.
| | - Angela Huertas-Ceballos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospitals, London WC1E 6DB, UK.
| | - Subhabrata Mitra
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospitals, London WC1E 6DB, UK; Academic Neonatology, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London WC1E 6HU, UK.
| | - Nicola J Robertson
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospitals, London WC1E 6DB, UK; Academic Neonatology, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London WC1E 6HU, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellors Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK.
| | - Judith Meek
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospitals, London WC1E 6DB, UK.
| | - Kimberley Whitehead
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospitals, London WC1E 6DB, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Nevalainen P, Metsäranta M, Marchi V, Toiviainen-Salo S, Vanhatalo S, Lauronen L. Towards multimodal brain monitoring in asphyxiated newborns with amplitude-integrated EEG and simultaneous somatosensory evoked potentials. Early Hum Dev 2021; 153:105287. [PMID: 33310460 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) offer an additional bedside tool for outcome prediction after perinatal asphyxia. AIMS To assess the reliability of SEPs recorded with bifrontoparietal amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) brain monitoring setup for outcome prediction in asphyxiated newborns undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective observational single-center study. SUBJECTS 27 consecutive asphyxiated full- or near-term newborns (25 under hypothermia) that underwent median nerve aEEG-SEPs as part of their clinical evaluation at the neonatal intensive care unit of Helsinki University Hospital. OUTCOME MEASURES aEEG-SEP classification (present, absent or unreliable) was compared to classification of SEPs recorded with a full EEG montage (EEG-SEP), and outcome determined from medical records at approximately 12-months-age. Unfavorable outcome included death, cerebral palsy, or severe epilepsy. RESULTS The aEEG-SEP and EEG-SEP classifications were concordant in 21 of the 22 newborns with both recordings available. All five newborns with bilaterally absent aEEG-SEPs had absent EEG-SEPs and the four with outcome information available had an unfavorable outcome (one was lost to follow-up). Of the newborns with aEEG-SEPs present, all with follow-up exams available had bilaterally present EEG-SEPs and a favorable outcome (one was lost to follow-up). One newborn with unilaterally absent aEEG-SEP at 25 h of age had bilaterally present EEG-SEPs on the next day, and a favorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS aEEG-SEPs recorded during therapeutic hypothermia on the first postnatal days are reliable for assessing brain injury severity. Adding SEP into routine aEEG brain monitoring offers an additional tool for very early outcome prediction after birth asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Nevalainen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, HUS Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (HUH), Helsinki, Finland; BABA Center, Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and HUH, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Marjo Metsäranta
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUH, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viviana Marchi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Stella Maris Scientific Institute, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation Pisa, Italy
| | - Sanna Toiviainen-Salo
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and HUH, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Vanhatalo
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, HUS Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (HUH), Helsinki, Finland; BABA Center, Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and HUH, Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Lauronen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, HUS Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (HUH), Helsinki, Finland
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Lacan L, Betrouni N, Lamblin MD, Chaton L, Delval A, Bourriez JL, Storme L, Derambure P, NguyenThe Tich S. Quantitative approach to early neonatal EEG visual analysis in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy severity: Bridging the gap between eyes and machine. Neurophysiol Clin 2021; 51:121-131. [PMID: 33402313 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify relevant quantitative parameters for early classification of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) severity from conventional EEGs. METHODS Ninety EEGs, recorded in full-term infants within 6 h of life after perinatal hypoxia, were visually classified according to the French EEG classification into three groups of increasing HIE severity. Physiologically significant EEG features (signal amplitude, continuity and frequency content) were automatically quantified using different parameters. The EEG parameters selection was based on their ability to reproduce the visual EEG classification. Post hoc analysis based on clinical outcome was performed. RESULTS Six EEG parameters were selected, with overall EEG classification performances between 61% and 70%. All parameters differed significantly between group 3 (severe) and groups 1 (normal-mildly abnormal) and 2 (moderate) EEGs (p < 0.001). Amplitude and discontinuity parameters were different between the 3 groups (p < 0.01) and were also the best predictors of clinical outcome. Conversely, pH and lactate did not differ between groups. DISCUSSION This study provides quantitative EEG parameters that are complementary to visual analysis as early markers of neonatal HIE severity. These parameters could be combined in a multiparametric algorithm to improve their classification performance. The absence of relationship between pH lactate and HIE severity reinforces the central role of early neonatal EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Lacan
- EA4489, Environnement périnatal et santé, Faculté de médecine, Université de Lille, 2 Avenue Eugène Avinée, 59120 Loos, France; Service de Neurologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHRU de Lille, Avenue du Professeur Emile Laine, 59037, France.
| | - Nacim Betrouni
- Inserm U 1172, Faculté de médecine, Université de Lille, 2 Avenue Eugène Avinée, 59120 Loos, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHRU de Lille, Avenue du Professeur Emile Laine, 59037, France
| | - Marie-Dominique Lamblin
- Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHRU de Lille, Avenue du Professeur Emile Laine, 59037, France
| | - Laurence Chaton
- Inserm U 1172, Faculté de médecine, Université de Lille, 2 Avenue Eugène Avinée, 59120 Loos, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHRU de Lille, Avenue du Professeur Emile Laine, 59037, France
| | - Arnaud Delval
- Inserm U 1172, Faculté de médecine, Université de Lille, 2 Avenue Eugène Avinée, 59120 Loos, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHRU de Lille, Avenue du Professeur Emile Laine, 59037, France
| | - Jean-Louis Bourriez
- Inserm U 1172, Faculté de médecine, Université de Lille, 2 Avenue Eugène Avinée, 59120 Loos, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHRU de Lille, Avenue du Professeur Emile Laine, 59037, France
| | - Laurent Storme
- EA4489, Environnement périnatal et santé, Faculté de médecine, Université de Lille, 2 Avenue Eugène Avinée, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Philippe Derambure
- Inserm U 1172, Faculté de médecine, Université de Lille, 2 Avenue Eugène Avinée, 59120 Loos, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHRU de Lille, Avenue du Professeur Emile Laine, 59037, France
| | - Sylvie NguyenThe Tich
- EA4489, Environnement périnatal et santé, Faculté de médecine, Université de Lille, 2 Avenue Eugène Avinée, 59120 Loos, France; Service de Neurologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHRU de Lille, Avenue du Professeur Emile Laine, 59037, France
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Tanaka M, Kidokoro H, Kubota T, Fukasawa T, Okai Y, Sakaguchi Y, Ito Y, Yamamoto H, Ohno A, Nakata T, Negoro T, Okumura A, Kato T, Watanabe K, Takahashi Y, Natsume J. Pseudo-sawtooth pattern on amplitude-integrated electroencephalography in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:529-535. [PMID: 31493771 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe a novel amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) pattern in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and to assess the clinical significance. METHODS The aEEG traces of infants with HIE who were treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) from 2012 to 2017 were analyzed. A pseudo-sawtooth (PST) pattern was defined as a periodic increase of the upper and/or lower margin of the trace on aEEG without showing seizure activities on conventional EEG (CEEG). RESULTS Of the 46 infants, 6 (13%) had the PST pattern. The PST pattern appeared following a flat trace or a continuous low-voltage pattern and was followed by a burst-suppression pattern. On CEEG, the PST pattern consists of alternating cycles of low-voltage irregular activities and almost flat tracing. The PST pattern was associated with neuroimaging abnormalities and with various degrees of neurodevelopmental outcomes. Positive predictive values of the PST or worse pattern for adverse outcomes were high at 12 h after birth. CONCLUSION A novel aEEG background pattern in infants with HIE was reported. The PST pattern likely indicates a suppressed background pattern and may be linked to unfavorable outcomes. Further multicenter validation study is needed to clarify its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kidokoro
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan
| | | | - Yu Okai
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoko Sakaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuji Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ohno
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nakata
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tamiko Negoro
- Department of Pediatrics, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan
| | - Akihisa Okumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Toru Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Natsume
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Developmental Disability Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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10
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Ouwehand S, Smidt LCA, Dudink J, Benders MJNL, de Vries LS, Groenendaal F, van der Aa NE. Predictors of Outcomes in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy following Hypothermia: A Meta-Analysis. Neonatology 2020; 117:411-427. [PMID: 32235122 DOI: 10.1159/000505519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prediction of neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy remains an important challenge. Various studies have shown that the predictive ability of different modalities changed after the introduction of therapeutic hypothermia. This paper reviews the diagnostic test accuracy of the different modalities that are being used to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes following therapeutic hypothermia. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using Embase and PubMed. Two reviewers independently included eligible studies and extracted data. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies Tool. Meta-analyses were performed where possible. RESULTS Forty-seven articles and 3 conference abstracts were included, reporting on 3,072infants of whom 39% died or had an adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. A meta-analysis could be performed using 37 articles on (amplitude-integrated) electroencephalography (EEG), conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) at 24 and 72 h showed similar high diagnostic OR, while aEEG at 6 h and EEG performed less, both due to a low specificity. For MRI, most studies reported scoring systems in which early (<8 days) MRI performed better than late (≥8 days) MRI. Injury to the posterior limb of the internal capsule on MRI or to the thalami on DWI were strong individual predictors, as was an increased lactate/N-acetylaspartate peak on 1H-MRS. CONCLUSIONS In the era of therapeutic hypothermia, the different modalities remain good predictors of neurodevelopmental outcome. However, timing should be taken into account. aEEG may initially be false positive and gets more reliable after 24 h. In contrast, MRI should be used during the first week, as its predictive value decreases afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ouwehand
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne C A Smidt
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Dudink
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manon J N L Benders
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda S de Vries
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Groenendaal
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, .,UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
| | - Niek E van der Aa
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Pittet-Metrailler MP, Almazrooei AM, Tam EW. Sensory assessment: Neurophysiology in neonates and neurodevelopmental outcome. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 174:183-203. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64148-9.00014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Shany E, Taha N, Benkovich E, Novoa R, Meledin I, Mandola A, Novack V, Shelef I. Association of cerebral activity with MRI scans in infants with neonatal encephalopathy undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. Eur J Pediatr 2019; 178:851-861. [PMID: 30900074 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-019-03364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to correlate amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) with early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this retrospective study, 32 neonates over 35 weeks' gestation with moderate/severe HIE who were treated with hypothermia were included. Early MRI scans and daily aEEG background were categorized to mild/normal, moderate, and severely abnormal. Time to sleep cycling was noted on aEEG. Mantel-Haenszel test for trends was used to explore associations between aEEG and MRI and outcome. LOESS regression was used for exploring the association of cycling with MRI scores. MRI was normal/mildly abnormal in 20 (63%) infants; in 9 (28%), moderately abnormal; and in 3 (9%), severely abnormal. Twenty-seven (84%) infants s urvived. MRI severity score was significantly associated with aEEG background score on the third and fourth days of life (p < 0.01). An increase in the MRI severity score was noted if sleep cycling appeared after the fifth day of life.Conclusions: Depressed aEEG at the third and fourth days of life and appearance of cycling beyond the fifth day of life are associated with cerebral MRI abnormalities and may be associated with increased risk of abnormal outcome. What is known: • Since therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to change long-term outcome, amplitude-integrated EEG in infants with hypoxic ischemic neonatal encephalopathy soon after birth have a limited predictive power for long-term outcome in treated infants. • Brain MRI after therapeutic hypothermia in the above infants has a significant predictive value for long-term outcome What is new: • Background amplitude-integrated EEG activity depression at the age of 3 and 4 days and delay of appearance of cycling activity are associated with worse MRI scores and may be predictive of worse long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilon Shany
- Neonatology Department, Soroka Medical Center, Rager Ave 151, 84101, Be'er Sheva, Israel. .,Faculty of Health sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
| | - Nasrin Taha
- Pediatrics Division, Soroka Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Ela Benkovich
- Faculty of Health sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.,Radiology Department, Soroka Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Rosa Novoa
- Faculty of Health sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.,Radiology Department, Soroka Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Irina Meledin
- Neonatology Department, Soroka Medical Center, Rager Ave 151, 84101, Be'er Sheva, Israel.,Faculty of Health sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Amarilla Mandola
- Faculty of Health sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.,Pediatrics Division, Soroka Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Victor Novack
- Faculty of Health sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.,Clinical Research Center, Soroka Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Faculty of Health sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.,Radiology Department, Soroka Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel
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13
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Han Y, Fu N, Chen W, Liang J, Cui Y, Zhang Y, Qin J. Prognostic Value of Electroencephalography in Hypothermia-Treated Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Meta-Analysis. Pediatr Neurol 2019; 93:3-10. [PMID: 30691779 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroencephalography (EEG) background activity is associated with neurological outcome in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. There is uncertainty about the prognostic value of EEG background activity after hypothermia was introduced. METHODS Searches were made on Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, from inception to March 1, 2018. Pooled sensitivities and specificities were calculated to assess the diagnostic power of burst suppression, low voltage, and flat trace background activities in the prediction of an adverse neurological outcome in the follow-up period in hypothermia-treated neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. I2 was used to assess heterogeneity, and meta-regression was done to explore the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS Eighteen studies with 940 neonates were included. Pooled sensitivities and specificities in predicting the combination of death and neurodevelopmental impairment were burst suppression (sensitivity 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79 to 0.93], specificity 0.60 [95% CI 0.44 to 0.74]), low voltage (sensitivity 0.84 [0.75 to 0.90], specificity 0.80 [0.58 to 0.92]), and flat trace (sensitivity 0.85 [0.75 to 0.92], specificity 0.94 [0.77 to 0.99]). Subgroup analysis revealed the sensitivities of background patterns obtained after 24 hours of life were higher than those within age 24 hours, whereas the specificities were just the reverse. Flat trace performed best on sensitivity 0.93 (0.60 to 0.99) and specificity 0.90 (0.64 to 0.98) in predicting death. Burst suppression demonstrated the highest sensitivity 0.87 (0.58 to 0.97) and flat trace performed best on specificity 0.85 (0.60 to 0.96) in predicting neurodevelopmental impairment. CONCLUSIONS EEG background activity is predictive of long-term neurological outcome in hypothermia-treated neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Burst suppression, low voltage, and flat trace are potential predictors of death or neurodevelopmental impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiong Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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14
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Boylan GB, Kharoshankaya L, Mathieson SR. Diagnosis of seizures and encephalopathy using conventional EEG and amplitude integrated EEG. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 162:363-400. [PMID: 31324321 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64029-1.00018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Seizures are more common in the neonatal period than at any other time of life, partly due to the relative hyperexcitability of the neonatal brain. Brain monitoring of sick neonates in the NICU using either conventional electroencephalography or amplitude integrated EEG is essential to accurately detect seizures. Treatment of seizures is important, as evidence increasingly indicates that seizures damage the brain in addition to that caused by the underlying etiology. Prompt treatment has been shown to reduce seizure burden with the potential to ameliorate seizure-mediated damage. Neonatal encephalopathy most commonly caused by a hypoxia-ischemia results in an alteration of mental status and problems such as seizures, hypotonia, apnea, and feeding difficulties. Confirmation of encephalopathy with EEG monitoring can act as an important adjunct to other investigations and the clinical examination, particularly when considering treatment strategies such as therapeutic hypothermia. Brain monitoring also provides useful early prognostic indicators to clinicians. Recent use of machine learning in algorithms to continuously monitor the neonatal EEG, detect seizures, and grade encephalopathy offers the exciting prospect of real-time decision support in the NICU in the very near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine B Boylan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Liudmila Kharoshankaya
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sean R Mathieson
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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15
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Leben M, Nolimal M, Vidmar I, Grosek Š. Passive therapeutic hypothermia during ambulance and helicopter secondary neonatal transport in neonates with hypoxic brain injury: a 10-year retrospective survey. Childs Nerv Syst 2018; 34:2463-2469. [PMID: 30022316 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-018-3914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic hypothermia is a method of treatment in newborns with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Hypothermia should be initiated no later than 6 h after birth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of the passive therapeutic cooling during neonatal transport. PURPOSE The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of our transport in maintenance of target body temperature during transport. METHODS We conducted a 10-year retrospective study in neonates, transported by helicopter or ambulance, who received therapeutic passive-induced hypothermia during transport to the Department of Pediatric Surgery and Intensive Therapy at the University Medical Centre Ljubljana between September 1, 2006, and December 31, 2016. RESULTS Out of 68 transported newborns, 57 met the criteria for therapeutic induced hypothermia. Eight out of 51 (15.7%) were within therapeutic temperature zone before start of transport while 30 out of 57 (52.6%) were within therapeutic temperature zone at the end of transport. There was a negative correlation between the duration of transport and temperature at the admission (ρ = - 0.306; p = 0.026). A positive correlation was found between the body temperature before and at the end of transport (ρ = 0.410; p = 0,003). A positive correlation between axillary and rectal temperature on admission was found (ρ = 0,832; p < 0,0005). The type of transport, meteorological season, or gender differences did not affect any of measured parameters. Newborns who received chest compression had lower temperature. CONCLUSION Therapeutic temperature zone during transport was achieved in 52.6% of transported neonates. Axillary temperature positively correlated with rectal temperature on admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manca Leben
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manca Nolimal
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Vidmar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Intensive Therapy, Surgival Service, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Štefan Grosek
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Intensive Therapy, Surgival Service, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Perinatology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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16
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Nevalainen P, Marchi V, Metsäranta M, Lönnqvist T, Vanhatalo S, Lauronen L. Evaluation of SEPs in asphyxiated newborns using a 4-electrode aEEG brain monitoring set-up. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2018; 3:122-126. [PMID: 30215022 PMCID: PMC6134187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal SEPs can be reliably detected using the 4-electrode aEEG monitoring setup. SEP is discernible in most fullterm newborns with 300 averages. Recording SEPs jointly with aEEG facilitates SEP assessment after birth asphyxia.
Objective To evaluate the reliability of recording cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in asphyxiated newborns using the 4-electrode setup applied in routine long-term amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) brain monitoring and to assess the number of averages needed for reliably detecting the cortical responses. Methods We evaluated median nerve SEPs in 50 asphyxiated full-term newborns. The SEP interpretation (present or absent) from the original recordings with 21-electrodes and approximately 600 trials served as the reference. This was compared to SEP classification (absent, present, or unreliable) based on a reduced (300 or 150) number of averages, and to classification based on only four electrodes (F3, P3, F4, P4). Results Compared to the original classification, cortical SEPs were uniformly interpreted as present or absent in all 50 newborns with the 4-electrode setup and 600 averages. Reducing number of averages to 300 still resulted in correct SEP interpretation in 49/50 newborns with 21-electrode setup, and 46/50 newborns with 4-electrode setup. Conclusions Evaluation of early cortical neonatal SEPs is reliable from the 4-electrode setup commonly used in aEEG monitoring. SEP is discernible in most newborns with 300 averages. Significance Adding SEP into routine aEEG monitoring offers an additional tool for early neonatal neurophysiological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Nevalainen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, HUS Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (HUH), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viviana Marchi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Stella Maris Scientific Institute, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marjo Metsäranta
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUH, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Lönnqvist
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUH, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Vanhatalo
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, HUS Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (HUH), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Lauronen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, HUS Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (HUH), Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Zhu X, Li H, Zhang C. Clinical effects of Ganglioside and fructose-1, 6-diphosphate on neonatal heart and brain injuries after Asphyxia. Pak J Med Sci 2017; 33:1199-1204. [PMID: 29142564 PMCID: PMC5673733 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.335.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the clinical effect of ganglioside (GM) and fructose-1, 6-diphosphate (FDP) on neonatal heart and brain injuries after asphyxia. Methods Ninety-one neonates with asphyxia neonatal heart and brain injuries were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. Both groups were given symptomatic treatment as soon as possible. On this basis, the observation group was given 200 mL of 5% glucose injection and 20 mg of GM and 250 mg/kg·d FDP by intravenous infusion. The above two drugs were given once a day for 14 days. The control group was given 20 mL of 5% glucose injection, 2 mL of cerebrolysin and 250 mg/kg·d FDP by intravenous infusion, once a day for 14 days. Both groups were administered on the first day after admission, and the course of treatment was 14 days. The treatment outcomes of the two groups were compared by detecting the levels of glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB), cTn-I and CK-MB, MRI results and Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment (NBNA) scores before and after treatment. Results The levels of GPBB, cTn-I and CK-MB in the observation group were significantly higher than those of normal neonates. After treatment, the levels of cTn-I and CK-MB in the observation group were closer to those of normal neonates compared with the control group, with significant differences (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the brain MRI examination between the two groups (P<0.05). The NBNA scores of the two groups were significantly different before and after treatment (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Neonatal heart and brain injuries after asphyxia can be well treated by combining GM with FDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhu
- Xiaojing Zhu, Department of Pediatrics, First Center Hospital of Baoding, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| | - Hongya Li
- Hongya Li, Department of Pediatrics, First Center Hospital of Baoding, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| | - Congmin Zhang
- Congmin Zhang, Department of Pediatrics, First Center Hospital of Baoding, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, P. R. China
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18
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Impact de l’hypothermie contrôlée au cours de l’encéphalopathie anoxo-ischémique sur la valeur pronostique de l’EEG standard. Neurophysiol Clin 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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19
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Nevalainen P, Marchi V, Metsäranta M, Lönnqvist T, Toiviainen-Salo S, Vanhatalo S, Lauronen L. Evoked potentials recorded during routine EEG predict outcome after perinatal asphyxia. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:1337-1343. [PMID: 28570867 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the added value of somatosensory (SEPs) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) recorded simultaneously with routine EEG in early outcome prediction of newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy under modern intensive care. METHODS We simultaneously recorded multichannel EEG, median nerve SEPs, and flash VEPs during the first few postnatal days in 50 term newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. EEG background was scored into five grades and the worst two grades were considered to indicate poor cerebral recovery. Evoked potentials were classified as absent or present. Clinical outcome was determined from the medical records at a median age of 21months. Unfavorable outcome included cerebral palsy, severe mental retardation, severe epilepsy, or death. RESULTS The accuracy of outcome prediction was 98% with SEPs compared to 90% with EEG. EEG alone always predicted unfavorable outcome when it was inactive (n=9), and favorable outcome when it was normal or only mildly abnormal (n=17). However, newborns with moderate or severe EEG background abnormality could have either favorable or unfavorable outcome, which was correctly predicted by SEP in all but one newborn (accuracy in this subgroup 96%). Absent VEPs were always associated with an inactive EEG, and an unfavorable outcome. However, presence of VEPs did not guarantee a favorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS SEPs accurately predict clinical outcomes in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and improve the EEG-based prediction particularly in those newborns with severely or moderately abnormal EEG findings. SIGNIFICANCE SEPs should be added to routine EEG recordings for early bedside assessment of newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Nevalainen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, HUS Medical, Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (HUH), Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Viviana Marchi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Stella Maris Scientific Institute, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation Pisa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marjo Metsäranta
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUH, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Lönnqvist
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUH, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Toiviainen-Salo
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and HUH, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Vanhatalo
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, HUS Medical, Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (HUH), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Lauronen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, HUS Medical, Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (HUH), Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Conventional EEG and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography are used in neonates to assess prognosis and significant changes in brain activity. Neuroactive medications and hypothermia can influence brain activity and therefore alter EEG interpretation. There are limited studies on the effect of these therapies on neonatal EEG background activity. Medication effects on the EEG or amplitude-integrated electroencephalography include increased interburst interval duration, voltage suppression, and sleep disruption. The effect is transient in term newborns but can be persistent in premature newborns. Although therapeutic hypothermia does not produce significant changes in EEG activity, it does change the time point at which EEG can accurately predict neurodevelopmental outcome. It is important to account for these effects on the EEG to avoid inaccurate interpretation that may affect prognostication.
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Mohammad K, Hicks M, Buchhalter J, Esser MJ, Irvine L, Thomas S, Scott J, Javadyan J, Kamaluddeen M. Hemodynamic instability associated with increased risk of death or brain injury in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2017; 10:363-370. [PMID: 29843258 DOI: 10.3233/npm-1816162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between hemodynamic instability requiring inotropes and brain injury or death in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). METHODS Retrospective cohort study of 221 neonates with HIE. Brain injury was defined using four HIE patterns based on MRI diffusion or T1 changes. The primary outcome was death or brain injury. Secondary outcomes were abnormal MRI, death, and abnormal EEG. Logistic regression was used to examine the risk of death or brain injury with the use of inotropes while adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS Brain injury or death occurred more often in neonates who received inotropes (71.1%, 69/97) compared to those who did not (44.3%, 55/124). The use of inotropes was associated with increased risk of death or brain injury (OR 3.11; 95% CI 1.39-7.004) and abnormal MRI (OR 2.78; 95% CI 1.22-6.34) after adjusting for confounding factors. Mortality was significantly higher in neonates exposed to inotropes (21.6%, 21/97) compared with those who did not receive inotropes (4%, 5/124), P < 0.001. CONCLUSION In infants with HIE, hemodynamic instability requiring inotropes in the first 72 hours of life was associated with increased risk of death or brain injury detected by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mohammad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - M Hicks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - J Buchhalter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - M J Esser
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - L Irvine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - S Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - J Scott
- Department Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - J Javadyan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - M Kamaluddeen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Weeke LC, Boylan GB, Pressler RM, Hallberg B, Blennow M, Toet MC, Groenendaal F, de Vries LS. Role of EEG background activity, seizure burden and MRI in predicting neurodevelopmental outcome in full-term infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in the era of therapeutic hypothermia. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016; 20:855-864. [PMID: 27370316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of EEG background activity, electrographic seizure burden, and MRI in predicting neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) in the era of therapeutic hypothermia. METHODS Twenty-six full-term infants with HIE (September 2011-September 2012), who had video-EEG monitoring during the first 72 h, an MRI performed within the first two weeks and neurodevelopmental assessment at two years were evaluated. EEG background activity at age 24, 36 and 48 h, seizure burden, and severity of brain injury on MRI, were compared and related to neurodevelopmental outcome. RESULTS EEG background activity was significantly associated with neurodevelopmental outcome at 36 h (p = 0.009) and 48 h after birth (p = 0.029) and with severity of brain injury on MRI at 36 h (p = 0.002) and 48 h (p = 0.018). All infants with a high seizure burden and moderate-severe injury on MRI had an abnormal outcome. The positive predictive value (PPV) of EEG for abnormal outcome was 100% at 36 h and 48 h and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 75% at 36 h and 69% at 48 h. The PPV of MRI was 100% and the NPV 85%. The PPV of seizure burden was 78% and the NPV 71%. CONCLUSION Severely abnormal EEG background activity at 36 h and 48 h after birth was associated with severe injury on MRI and abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome. High seizure burden was only associated with abnormal outcome in combination with moderate-severe injury on MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Weeke
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Geraldine B Boylan
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, University College Cork, Wilton, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Ronit M Pressler
- Clinical Neurosciences, UCL-Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Boubou Hallberg
- Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Blennow
- Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mona C Toet
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Floris Groenendaal
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linda S de Vries
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands.
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Awal MA, Lai MM, Azemi G, Boashash B, Colditz PB. EEG background features that predict outcome in term neonates with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy: A structured review. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:285-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Garfinkle J, Sant'Anna GM, Rosenblatt B, Majnemer A, Wintermark P, Shevell MI. Somatosensory evoked potentials in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2015; 19:423-8. [PMID: 25814390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) are reported to have high positive predictive value (PPV) for neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in neonates with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Our objective was to assess if this predictive value remains high with the use of therapeutic hypothermia. METHODS A cohort of HIE neonates treated with hypothermia was recruited between September 2008 and September 2010. SEPs were elicited after hypothermia and classified as bilateral absent N19, abnormal N19 (i.e., delayed or unilateral absent), or normal. Qualitative evaluation of MRI was also performed. The primary outcome was moderate or severe NDI around 2 years of age. RESULTS SEPs were performed after hypothermia in 26 of 34 neonates submitted to hypothermia with adequate follow-up at a median day of life 11 (IQR 9, 13). Twenty-three (88%) had moderate encephalopathy. Eleven neonates (42%) had bilateral absent N19, 4 of whom had NDI, while fifteen neonates (58%) had either abnormal or normal N19, of whom only one had NDI. SEPs thus had a PPV of 0.36 (4/11) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.93 (14/15). Eighteen neonates (69%) had brain injury on MRI. MRI thus had a PPV of 0.28 (5/18) and an NPV of 1.00 (8/8). CONCLUSIONS Neonates with HIE treated with hypothermia with bilateral absent N19 potentials may have a better prognosis than reported in the pre-hypothermia era. MRI also had a low PPV and high NPV. SEPs should be interpreted with caution in this new population and need to be re-evaluated in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred Garfinkle
- Departments of Neurology/Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Divisions of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guilherme M Sant'Anna
- Departments of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Divisions of Neonatology, Montreal Children's Hospital-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernard Rosenblatt
- Departments of Neurology/Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Divisions of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annette Majnemer
- Departments of Neurology/Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Departments of School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Divisions of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pia Wintermark
- Departments of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Divisions of Neonatology, Montreal Children's Hospital-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael I Shevell
- Departments of Neurology/Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Divisions of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Seizures and hypothermia: importance of electroencephalographic monitoring and considerations for treatment. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 20:103-8. [PMID: 25683598 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a common cause of seizures in neonates. Despite the introduction of therapeutic hypothermia, seizure rates are similar to those reported in the pre-therapeutic hypothermia era. However, the seizure profile has been altered resulting in a lower overall seizure burden, shorter individual seizure durations, and seizures that are harder to detect. Electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring is the gold standard for detecting all seizures in neonates and this is even more critical in neonates who are cooled, as they are often sedated, making seizures more difficult to detect. Several studies have shown that the majority of seizures in neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia remain subclinical, thus requiring EEG monitoring for diagnosis. Amplitude-integrated EEG monitoring is useful but shorter duration seizures are more likely to be missed. Evidence is emerging about the pharmacokinetic profile of routinely used antiepileptic drugs during therapeutic hypothermia and some modifications have been suggested, particularly for lidocaine use.
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Kato T, Tsuji T, Hayakawa F, Kubota T, Kidokoro H, Natsume J, Watanabe K, Okumura A. A new electroencephalogram classification with reduced recording time in asphyxiated term infants. Brain Dev 2014; 36:372-9. [PMID: 23835119 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Conventional electroencephalogram (cEEG) is a reliable predictor of outcome in term infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Early therapeutic hypothermia initiated within 6h after birth is a beneficial treatment in these infants. However, a classification system with reduced cEEG recording time to determine early intervention has not been reported. The aim of this study is to propose a new classification of depression on cEEG with reduced recording time in infants with HIE and to examine the correlation between the classification and short-term outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively investigated 20 term infants with HIE in whom cEEG was performed within 12h after birth, and deaths or outcomes at 18months of age were assessed. We determined grades 0-3 EEG depression in each 10-min epoch based on the most common EEG patterns of each 20s epoch defined by our criteria. RESULTS Eighteen infants could be assessed by depression grade. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient Rs between the maximum depression grade in 10-min epochs and three-grade outcomes was 0.68 (P=0.002), and that between the minimum one and outcomes was 0.66 (P=0.003). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the maximum and minimum depression grades for predicting abnormal outcome were 0.885 and 0.869, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a new cEEG depression classification with a recording time of at least 10min in term infants with HIE and a good correlation with short-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Tsuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Fumio Hayakawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kidokoro
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Natsume
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Watanabe
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Aichi Shukutoku University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihisa Okumura
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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The electroencephalogram of the full-term newborn: Review of normal features and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy patterns. Neurophysiol Clin 2013; 43:267-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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29
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Guerit JM. Clinical neurophysiology in neonatology. Neurophysiol Clin 2013; 43:265-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2013.10.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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EEG Background Patterns and Prognostication of Neonatal Encephalopathy in the Era of Hypothermia. J Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 30:122-5. [DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0b013e3182872ac2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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31
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Hypothermie thérapeutique contrôlée pour asphyxie périnatale : intérêt de l’électroencéphalogramme d’amplitude pour évaluer l’indication. Arch Pediatr 2013; 20:181-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jacobs SE, Berg M, Hunt R, Tarnow-Mordi WO, Inder TE, Davis PG. Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 2013:CD003311. [PMID: 23440789 PMCID: PMC7003568 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003311.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 765] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newborn animal studies and pilot studies in humans suggest that mild hypothermia following peripartum hypoxia-ischaemia in newborn infants may reduce neurological sequelae without adverse effects. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of therapeutic hypothermia in encephalopathic asphyxiated newborn infants on mortality, long-term neurodevelopmental disability and clinically important side effects. SEARCH METHODS We used the standard search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group as outlined in The Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2007). Randomised controlled trials evaluating therapeutic hypothermia in term and late preterm newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy were identified by searching the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library, 2007, Issue 2), MEDLINE (1966 to June 2007), previous reviews including cross-references, abstracts, conferences, symposia proceedings, expert informants and journal handsearching. We updated this search in May 2012. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials comparing the use of therapeutic hypothermia with standard care in encephalopathic term or late preterm infants with evidence of peripartum asphyxia and without recognisable major congenital anomalies. The primary outcome measure was death or long-term major neurodevelopmental disability. Other outcomes included adverse effects of cooling and 'early' indicators of neurodevelopmental outcome. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Four review authors independently selected, assessed the quality of and extracted data from the included studies. Study authors were contacted for further information. Meta-analyses were performed using risk ratios (RR) and risk differences (RD) for dichotomous data, and weighted mean difference for continuous data with 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS We included 11 randomised controlled trials in this updated review, comprising 1505 term and late preterm infants with moderate/severe encephalopathy and evidence of intrapartum asphyxia. Therapeutic hypothermia resulted in a statistically significant and clinically important reduction in the combined outcome of mortality or major neurodevelopmental disability to 18 months of age (typical RR 0.75 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.83); typical RD -0.15, 95% CI -0.20 to -0.10); number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) 7 (95% CI 5 to 10) (8 studies, 1344 infants). Cooling also resulted in statistically significant reductions in mortality (typical RR 0.75 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.88), typical RD -0.09 (95% CI -0.13 to -0.04); NNTB 11 (95% CI 8 to 25) (11 studies, 1468 infants) and in neurodevelopmental disability in survivors (typical RR 0.77 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.94), typical RD -0.13 (95% CI -0.19 to -0.07); NNTB 8 (95% CI 5 to 14) (8 studies, 917 infants). Some adverse effects of hypothermia included an increase sinus bradycardia and a significant increase in thrombocytopenia. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is evidence from the 11 randomised controlled trials included in this systematic review (N = 1505 infants) that therapeutic hypothermia is beneficial in term and late preterm newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Cooling reduces mortality without increasing major disability in survivors. The benefits of cooling on survival and neurodevelopment outweigh the short-term adverse effects. Hypothermia should be instituted in term and late preterm infants with moderate-to-severe hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy if identified before six hours of age. Further trials to determine the appropriate techniques of cooling, including refinement of patient selection, duration of cooling and method of providing therapeutic hypothermia, will refine our understanding of this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Jacobs
- Neonatal Services, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
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Stevenson NJ, Korotchikova I, Temko A, Lightbody G, Marnane WP, Boylan GB. An automated system for grading EEG abnormality in term neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Ann Biomed Eng 2012; 41:775-85. [PMID: 23519533 PMCID: PMC3605495 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-012-0710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Automated analysis of the neonatal EEG has the potential to assist clinical decision making for neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. This paper proposes a method of automatically grading the degree of abnormality in an hour long epoch of neonatal EEG. The automated grading system (AGS) was based on a multi-class linear classifier grading of short-term epochs of EEG which were converted into a long-term grading of EEG using a majority vote operation. The features used in the AGS were summary measurements of two sub-signals extracted from a quadratic time-frequency distribution: the amplitude modulation and instantaneous frequency. These sub-signals were based on a model of EEG as a multiplication of a coloured random process with a slowly varying pseudo-periodic waveform and may be related to macroscopic neurophysiological function. The 4 grade AGS had a classification accuracy of 83% compared to human annotation of the EEG (level of agreement, κ = 0.76). Features estimated on the developed sub-signals proved more effective at grading the EEG than measures based solely on the EEG and the incorporation of additional sub-grades based on EEG states into the AGS also improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Stevenson
- Neonatal Brain Research Group, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Chang T, du Plessis A. Neurodiagnostic techniques in neonatal critical care. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2012; 12:145-52. [PMID: 22318538 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-012-0254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews recent advances in the neurodiagnostic tools available to clinicians practicing in neonatal critical care. The advent of induced mild hypothermia for acute neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in 2005 has been responsible for renewed urgency in the development of precise and reliable neonatal neurodiagnostic techniques. Traditional evaluations of bedside head ultrasounds, head computed tomography scans, and routine electroencephalograms (EEGs) have been upgraded in most tertiary pediatric centers to incorporate protocols for MRI, continuous EEG monitoring with remote bedside access, amplitude-integrated EEG, and near-infrared spectroscopy. Meanwhile, recent studies supporting the association between placental pathology and neonatal brain injury highlight the need for closer examination of the placenta in the neurodiagnostic evaluation of the acutely ill newborn. As the pursuit of more effective neuroprotection moves into the "hypothermia plus" era, the identification, evaluation, and treatment of the neurologically affected newborn in the neonatal intensive care unit has increasing significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeun Chang
- Division, Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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de Haan TR, Bijleveld YA, van der Lee JH, Groenendaal F, van den Broek MPH, Rademaker CMA, van Straaten HLM, van Weissenbruch MM, Vermeulen JR, Dijk PH, Dudink J, Rijken M, van Heijst A, Dijkman KP, Gavilanes D, van Kaam AH, Offringa M, Mathôt RAA. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medication in asphyxiated newborns during controlled hypothermia. The PharmaCool multicenter study. BMC Pediatr 2012; 12:45. [PMID: 22515424 PMCID: PMC3358232 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the Netherlands, perinatal asphyxia (severe perinatal oxygen shortage) necessitating newborn resuscitation occurs in at least 200 of the 180–185.000 newly born infants per year. International randomized controlled trials have demonstrated an improved neurological outcome with therapeutic hypothermia. During hypothermia neonates receive sedative, analgesic, anti-epileptic and antibiotic drugs. So far little information is available how the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of these drugs are influenced by post resuscitation multi organ failure and the metabolic effects of the cooling treatment itself. As a result, evidence based dosing guidelines are lacking. This multicenter observational cohort study was designed to answer the question how hypothermia influences the distribution, metabolism and elimination of commonly used drugs in neonatal intensive care. Methods/Design Multicenter cohort study. All term neonates treated with hypothermia for Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) resulting from perinatal asphyxia in all ten Dutch Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) will be eligible for this study. During hypothermia and rewarming blood samples will be taken from indwelling catheters to investigate blood concentrations of several antibiotics, analgesics, sedatives and anti-epileptic drugs. For each individual drug the population PK will be characterized using Nonlinear Mixed Effects Modelling (NONMEM). It will be investigated how clearance and volume of distribution are influenced by hypothermia also taking maturation of neonate into account. Similarly, integrated PK-PD models will be developed relating the time course of drug concentration to pharmacodynamic parameters such as successful seizure treatment; pain assessment and infection clearance. Discussion On basis of the derived population PK-PD models dosing guidelines will be developed for the application of drugs during neonatal hypothermia treatment. The results of this study will lead to an evidence based drug treatment of hypothermic neonatal patients. Results will be published in a national web based evidence based paediatric formulary, peer reviewed journals and international paediatric drug references. Trial registration NTR2529.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo R de Haan
- Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Jacobs S, Hunt R, Tarnow-Mordi W, Inder T, Davis P. Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003:CD003311. [PMID: 14583966 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newborn animal and human pilot studies suggest that mild hypothermia following peripartum hypoxia-ischaemia in newborn infants may reduce neurological sequelae, without adverse effects. OBJECTIVES To determine whether therapeutic hypothermia in encephalopathic asphyxiated newborn infants reduces mortality and long-term neurodevelopmental disability, without clinically important side effects. SEARCH STRATEGY The standard search strategy of the Neonatal Review Group as outlined in the Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2003) was used. Randomised controlled trials evaluating therapeutic hypothermia in term newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy were identified by searching the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library Issue Issue 2, 2003), MEDLINE (1966 to July 2003), previous reviews including cross-references, abstracts, conferences, symposia proceedings, expert informants and journal hand searching. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials comparing the use of therapeutic hypothermia with normothermia in encephalopathic newborn infants with evidence of peripartum asphyxia and without recognisable major congenital anomalies were included. The primary outcome measure was death or long-term major neurodevelopmental disability. Other outcomes included adverse effects of cooling and 'early' indicators of neurodevelopmental outcome. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three reviewers independently selected, assessed the quality of and extracted data from the included studies. Authors were contacted for further information. Meta-analyses were performed using relative risk and risk difference for dichotomous data, and weighted mean difference for continuous data with 95% confidence intervals. MAIN RESULTS Two randomised controlled trials were included in this review, comprising 50 term infants with moderate/ severe encephalopathy and evidence of intrapartum asphyxia. There was no significant effect of therapeutic hypothermia on the combined outcome of death or major neurodevelopmental disability in survivors followed. No adverse effects of hypothermia on short term medical outcomes or on some 'early' indicators of neurodevelopmental outcome were detected. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Although two small randomised controlled trials demonstrated neither evidence of benefit or harm, current evidence is inadequate to assess either safety or efficacy of therapeutic hypothermia in newborn infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Therapeutic hypothermia for encephalopathic asphyxiated newborn infants should be further evaluated in well designed randomised controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jacobs
- Division of Paediatrics, Royal Women's Hospital, 132 Grattan Street, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3953
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