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Casado ME, Canelles S, Arilla-Ferreiro E, Frago LM, Barrios V. Changes in Lipid Metabolism Enzymes in Rat Epididymal Fat after Chronic Central Leptin Infusion Are Related to Alterations in Inflammation and Insulin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087065. [PMID: 37108229 PMCID: PMC10138313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin inhibits food intake and reduces the size of body fat depots, changing adipocyte sensitivity to insulin to restrain lipid accrual. This adipokine may modulate the production of cytokines that could diminish insulin sensitivity, particularly in visceral adipose tissue. To explore this possibility, we examined the effects of chronic central administration of leptin on the expression of key markers of lipid metabolism and its possible relationship with changes in inflammatory- and insulin-signaling pathways in epididymal adipose tissue. Circulating non-esterified fatty acids and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were also measured. Fifteen male rats were divided into control (C), leptin (L, icv, 12 μg/day for 14 days), and pair-fed (PF) groups. We found a decrease in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme in the L group, with no changes in the expression of lipogenic enzymes. A reduction in the expression of lipoprotein lipase and carnitine palmitoyl-transferase-1A, together with a decrease in the phosphorylation of insulin-signaling targets and a low-grade inflammatory pattern, were detected in the epididymal fat of L rats. In conclusion, the decrease in insulin sensitivity and increased pro-inflammatory environment could regulate lipid metabolism, reducing epididymal fat stores in response to central leptin infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Casado
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, E-28009 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Canelles
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, E-28009 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Arilla-Ferreiro
- Department of Biological Systems, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Laura M Frago
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, E-28009 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, E-28009 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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Barrios V, Campillo-Calatayud A, Guerra-Cantera S, Canelles S, Martín-Rivada Á, Frago LM, Chowen JA, Argente J. Opposite Effects of Chronic Central Leptin Infusion on Activation of Insulin Signaling Pathways in Adipose Tissue and Liver Are Related to Changes in the Inflammatory Environment. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111734. [PMID: 34827732 PMCID: PMC8615824 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin modulates insulin signaling and this involves the Akt pathway, which is influenced by changes in the inflammatory environment and with leptin regulating cytokine synthesis. We evaluated the association between activation of the insulin-signaling pathway and alterations in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in inguinal fat and liver of chronic central leptin infused (L), pair-fed (PF), and control rats. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation was increased in inguinal fat and reduced in liver of L rats. Phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) was increased in inguinal fat of L rats, together with a pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, while in the liver activation of JNK and NFkB were reduced and an anti-inflammatory pattern was found. Phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, Akt and mechanistic target of rapamycin was decreased in inguinal fat and increased in liver of L rats. There was a direct relationship between pSTAT3 and JNK and a negative correlation of Akt with pSTAT3 and JNK in both tissues. These results indicate that the effects of chronically increased leptin on insulin-related signaling are tissue-specific and suggest that inflammation plays a relevant role in the crosstalk between leptin and insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (S.G.-C.); (S.C.); (Á.M.-R.); (L.M.F.); (J.A.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (J.A.)
| | - Ana Campillo-Calatayud
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (S.G.-C.); (S.C.); (Á.M.-R.); (L.M.F.); (J.A.C.)
| | - Santiago Guerra-Cantera
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (S.G.-C.); (S.C.); (Á.M.-R.); (L.M.F.); (J.A.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Canelles
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (S.G.-C.); (S.C.); (Á.M.-R.); (L.M.F.); (J.A.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Martín-Rivada
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (S.G.-C.); (S.C.); (Á.M.-R.); (L.M.F.); (J.A.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M. Frago
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (S.G.-C.); (S.C.); (Á.M.-R.); (L.M.F.); (J.A.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A. Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (S.G.-C.); (S.C.); (Á.M.-R.); (L.M.F.); (J.A.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (S.G.-C.); (S.C.); (Á.M.-R.); (L.M.F.); (J.A.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (J.A.)
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Rivera P, Martos-Moreno GÁ, Barrios V, Suárez J, Pavón FJ, Chowen JA, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Argente J. A combination of circulating chemokines as biomarkers of obesity-induced insulin resistance at puberty. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12711. [PMID: 32856418 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In obesity adipose tissue undergoes structural re-modelling leading to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state linked to insulin resistance (IR). OBJECTIVE We aimed to develop a clinically relevant biomarker model for stratifying IR in adolescents with obesity. METHODS Cytokines [tumour cell derived factor 1α, monocyte chemoattract protein (MCP) 1, eotaxin and fractalkine], growth factors [brain-derived neurotrophic factor, pro-fibrotic platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) and insulin-like growth factor 1] and biochemical/metabolic factors were analysed in serum of 143 pubertal patients with obesity (50% IR; 50% non-IR) and 33 controls. Factor analysis, correlation, binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to evaluate combinations of these biomarkers as possible diagnostic tools for IR. RESULTS Two biomarker IR models combining levels of triglycerides (TG)/HDL, eotaxin, MCP-1 and PDGF-BB in pubertal patients with obesity of both sexes were defined. Altered levels of MCP-1, eotaxin, and PDGF-BB constitute a main component that determines 27.7% of the variance explaining IR. Growth and inflammatory factors comprise two other components linked to the first, together accounting for 59.2% of the variance determining IR. CONCLUSIONS PDGF-BB, MCP-1, eotaxin, TG and cholesterol concentrations constitute a solid panel of biomarkers associated with IR in pubertal children with obesity that could be useful in their stratification in a clinical setting for stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rivera
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), UGC Salud Mental, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gabriel Á Martos-Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital de la Princesa Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital de la Princesa Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), UGC Salud Mental, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Pavón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), UGC Salud Mental, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), UGC Corazón, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital de la Princesa Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), UGC Salud Mental, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital de la Princesa Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Kumar U, Singh S. Role of Somatostatin in the Regulation of Central and Peripheral Factors of Satiety and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072568. [PMID: 32272767 PMCID: PMC7177963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major social and health problems globally and often associated with various other pathological conditions. In addition to unregulated eating behaviour, circulating peptide-mediated hormonal secretion and signaling pathways play a critical role in food intake induced obesity. Amongst the many peptides involved in the regulation of food-seeking behaviour, somatostatin (SST) is the one which plays a determinant role in the complex process of appetite. SST is involved in the regulation of release and secretion of other peptides, neuronal integrity, and hormonal regulation. Based on past and recent studies, SST might serve as a bridge between central and peripheral tissues with a significant impact on obesity-associated with food intake behaviour and energy expenditure. Here, we present a comprehensive review describing the role of SST in the modulation of multiple central and peripheral signaling molecules. In addition, we highlight recent progress and contribution of SST and its receptors in food-seeking behaviour, obesity (orexigenic), and satiety (anorexigenic) associated pathways and mechanism.
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5
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Sindiani AM, Obeidat R, Jbarah O, Hazaimeh E. Relationship between newborn leptin levels and selected growth parameters. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:2591-2597. [PMID: 31109218 PMCID: PMC6567724 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519848613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to determine leptin levels in term newborns who were born in the north of Jordan. We also aimed to investigate the relationships of leptin levels with fetal growth parameters, and to assess the difference in leptin levels according to sex and gestational age. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study that involved 170 term newborns was conducted. A working sheet for data collection was created for each newborn and included sex, weight, length, head circumference, gestational age, and Apgar score. Blood samples were obtained from the umbilical cord vein of newborns after delivery to measure serum leptin levels. Data are shown as frequency, percentages, means, and standard deviations. Results We found that the mean leptin level was 1.17 ± 0.48 ng/mL. The independent t-test showed that the mean leptin level in boys (0.93 ± 0. 34 ng/mL) was significantly lower than that in girls (1.38 ± 0.47 ng/mL). Pearson’s correlations showed that leptin levels of newborns were positively and significantly correlated with weight, length, and head circumference. Conclusion In Jordanian healthy term newborns, leptin levels correlate with sex and intrauterine growth parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Mahmoud Sindiani
- Amer Mahmoud Sindiani, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and University, P.O. box 3030, Jordan Street, Irbid, 22110 Jordan.
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Aguado-Llera D, Canelles S, Fernández-Mendívil C, Frago LM, Argente J, Arilla-Ferreiro E, López MG, Barrios V. Improvement in inflammation is associated with the protective effect of Gly-Pro-Glu and cycloprolylglycine against Aβ-induced depletion of the hippocampal somatostatinergic system. Neuropharmacology 2019; 151:112-126. [PMID: 30981749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycine-proline-glutamate (GPE) is a cleaved tripeptide of IGF-I that can be processed to cycloprolylglycine (cPG) in the brain. IGF-I protects the hippocampal somatostatinergic system from β-amyloid (Aβ) insult and although neither IGF-I-derived peptides bind to IGF-I receptors, they exert protective actions in several neurological disorders. As their effects on the hippocampal somatostatinergic system remain unknown, the objective of this study was to evaluate if cPG and/or GPE prevent the deleterious effects of Aβ25-35 infusion on this system and whether changes in intracellular-related signaling and interleukin (IL) content are involved in their protective effect. We also determined the effect of cPG or GPE co-administration with Aβ25-35 on IL secretion in glial cultures and the influence of these ILs on signaling activation and somatostatin synthesis in neuronal cultures. cPG or GPE co-administration reduced Aβ-induced cell death and pro-inflammatory ILs, increased IL-4 and partially avoided the reduction of components of the somatostatinergic system affected by Aβ25-35. GPE increased activation of Akt and CREB and reduced GSK3β activation and astrogliosis, whereas cPG increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases. Both peptides converged in the activation of mTOR and S6 kinase. Co-administration of these peptides with Aβ25-35 to glial cultures increased IL-4 and reduced IL-1β; this release of IL-4 could be responsible for activation of Akt and increased somatostatin in neuronal cultures. Our findings suggest that cPG and GPE exert protective effects against Aβ on the somatostatinergic system by a reduction of the inflammatory environment that may activate different pro-survival pathways in these neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aguado-Llera
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Canelles
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Fernández-Mendívil
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Institute Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M Frago
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Manuela G López
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Institute Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Rivera P, Martos-Moreno GÁ, Barrios V, Suárez J, Pavón FJ, Chowen JA, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Argente J. A novel approach to childhood obesity: circulating chemokines and growth factors as biomarkers of insulin resistance. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12473. [PMID: 30350467 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) in children with obesity constitutes a risk factor that should be precisely diagnosed to prevent further comorbidities. OBJECTIVE Chemokines were evaluated to identify novel predictors of IR with clinical application. METHODS We analysed the levels of cytokines (tumour necrosis factor [TNF] α and interleukins [ILs] 1β, 4, 6 and 10), chemokines (stromal cell derived factor 1α, monocyte chemoattract protein [MCP] 1, eotaxin and fractalkine) and growth factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, pro-fibrotic platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF-BB] and insulin-like growth factor 1) in serum of prepubertal children with obesity (61 girls/59 boys, 50% IR and 50% non-IR) and 32 controls. Factor analysis, correlation, binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis of combined biomarkers were used to validate their capability for preventive interventions of IR. RESULTS Changes in MCP1, eotaxin, IL1β and PDGF-BB were observed in IR children with obesity. Bivariate correlation between stromal cell derived factor 1α, MCP1, eotaxin, TNFα, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and/or PDGF-BB explained the high variance (65.9%) defined by three components related to inflammation and growth that contribute towards IR. The combination of leptin, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein, insulin-like growth factor 1, TNFα, MCP1 and PDGF-BB showed a sensitivity and specificity of 93.2% for the identification of IR. The percentage of correct predictions was 89.6. CONCLUSIONS Combined set of cytokines, adipokines and chemokines constitutes a model that predicts IR, suggesting a potential application in clinical practice as biomarkers to identify children with obesity and hyperinsulinaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rivera
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Á Martos-Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital de la Princesa Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Barrios
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital de la Princesa Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), UGC Salud Mental, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - F J Pavón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), UGC Salud Mental, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - J A Chowen
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital de la Princesa Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), UGC Salud Mental, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Argente
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital de la Princesa Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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8
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The Dynamics of Neurosteroids and Sex-Related Hormones in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:215-224. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Sun S, Xu L, Sun X, Guo F, Gong Y, Gao S. Orexin-A affects gastric distention sensitive neurons in the hippocampus and gastric motility and regulation by the perifornical area in rats. Neurosci Res 2016; 110:59-67. [PMID: 27080329 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Orexin-A is mainly produced in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) and the perifornical area (PeF). Here, we aim to elucidate the effects of orexin-A in the hippocampus (Hi) on gastric distention (GD)-sensitive neurons and gastric motility, and potential regulation mechanisms by the PeF. Retrograde tracing and fluorescent-immunohistochemical staining were used to determine orexin-A neuronal projections. Single unit discharges in the Hi were recorded extracellularly and gastric motility in conscious rats was monitored during administration of orexin-A to the Hi or electrical stimulation of the PeF. Orexin-A administration to the Hi excited most of the GD-excitatory (GD-E) neurons and GD-inhibitory (GD-I) neurons, and increased gastric motility in a dose-dependent manner. All of effects induced by orexin-A could be partly blocked by pretreatment with orexin-A antagonist, SB-334867. Electrical stimulation of the PeF excited the majority of the orexin-A-responsive GD neurons in the Hi and promoted gastric motility. Additionally, pretreatment with SB-334867 in the Hi increased the firing rate of GDI and GDE neurons following electrical stimulation of the PeF. These findings suggest that orexin-A could regulate activities of GD-sensitive neurons and gastric motility. Furthermore, the PeF may be involved in this regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Luo Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Xiangrong Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Feifei Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yanling Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengli Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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Perianes-Cachero A, Canelles S, Aguado-Llera D, Frago LM, Toledo-Lobo MV, Carrera I, Cacabelos R, Chowen JA, Argente J, Arilla-Ferreiro E, Barrios V. Reduction in Aβ-induced cell death in the hippocampus of 17β-estradiol-treated female rats is associated with an increase in IGF-I signaling and somatostatinergic tone. J Neurochem 2015; 135:1257-71. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Perianes-Cachero
- Neurobiochemistry Group; Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Sandra Canelles
- Department of Endocrinology; Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús; Instituto de Investigación La Princesa; Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - David Aguado-Llera
- Neurobiochemistry Group; Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Laura M. Frago
- Department of Endocrinology; Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús; Instituto de Investigación La Princesa; Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - María Val Toledo-Lobo
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology; Universidad de Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS); Madrid Spain
| | - Iván Carrera
- Department of Neuroscience; EuroEspes Biotechnology; Polígono de Bergondo; A Coruña Spain
| | - Ramón Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center; Institute for CNS Disorders and Chair of Genomic Medicine; University of Camilo José Cela; Villanueva de la Cañada Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology; Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús; Instituto de Investigación La Princesa; Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology; Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús; Instituto de Investigación La Princesa; Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Eduardo Arilla-Ferreiro
- Neurobiochemistry Group; Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology; Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús; Instituto de Investigación La Princesa; Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
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Stengel A, Karasawa H, Taché Y. The role of brain somatostatin receptor 2 in the regulation of feeding and drinking behavior. Horm Behav 2015; 73:15-22. [PMID: 26026616 PMCID: PMC4546908 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin was discovered four decades ago as hypothalamic factor inhibiting growth hormone release. Subsequently, somatostatin was found to be widely distributed throughout the brain and to exert pleiotropic actions via interaction with five somatostatin receptors (sst1-5) that are also widely expressed throughout the brain. Interestingly, in contrast to the predominantly inhibitory actions of peripheral somatostatin, the activation of brain sst2 signaling by intracerebroventricular injection of stable somatostatin agonists potently stimulates food intake and independently, drinking behavior in rodents. The orexigenic response involves downstream orexin-1, neuropeptide Y1 and μ receptor signaling while the dipsogenic effect is mediated through the activation of the brain angiotensin 1 receptor. Brain sst2 activation is part of mechanisms underlying the stimulation of feeding and more prominently water intake in the dark phase and is able to counteract the anorexic response to visceral stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stengel
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Karasawa
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Division at the University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, CA 90073, USA
| | - Yvette Taché
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Division at the University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, CA 90073, USA.
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Sobrino Crespo C, Perianes Cachero A, Puebla Jiménez L, Barrios V, Arilla Ferreiro E. Peptides and food intake. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:58. [PMID: 24795698 PMCID: PMC4005944 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms for controlling food intake involve mainly an interplay between gut, brain, and adipose tissue (AT), among the major organs. Parasympathetic, sympathetic, and other systems are required for communication between the brain satiety center, gut, and AT. These neuronal circuits include a variety of peptides and hormones, being ghrelin the only orexigenic molecule known, whereas the plethora of other factors are inhibitors of appetite, suggesting its physiological relevance in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. Nutrients generated by food digestion have been proposed to activate G-protein-coupled receptors on the luminal side of enteroendocrine cells, e.g., the L-cells. This stimulates the release of gut hormones into the circulation such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), oxyntomodulin, pancreatic polypeptides, peptide tyrosine tyrosine, and cholecystokinin, which inhibit appetite. Ghrelin is a peptide secreted from the stomach and, in contrast to other gut hormones, plasma levels decrease after a meal and potently stimulate food intake. Other circulating factors such as insulin and leptin relay information regarding long-term energy stores. Both hormones circulate at proportional levels to body fat content, enter the CNS proportionally to their plasma levels, and reduce food intake. Circulating hormones can influence the activity of the arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurons of the hypothalamus, after passing across the median eminence. Circulating factors such as gut hormones may also influence the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) through the adjacent circumventricular organ. On the other hand, gastrointestinal vagal afferents converge in the NTS of the brainstem. Neural projections from the NTS, in turn, carry signals to the hypothalamus. The ARC acts as an integrative center, with two major subpopulations of neurons influencing appetite, one of them coexpressing neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein (AgRP) that increases food intake, whereas the other subpopulation coexpresses pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript that inhibits food intake. AgRP antagonizes the effects of the POMC product, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Both populations project to areas important in the regulation of food intake, including the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, which also receives important inputs from other hypothalamic nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sobrino Crespo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Perianes Cachero
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Lilian Puebla Jiménez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Arilla Ferreiro
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- *Correspondence: Eduardo Arilla Ferreiro, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E-28871, Spain e-mail:
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13
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Perianes-Cachero A, Burgos-Ramos E, Puebla-Jiménez L, Canelles S, Frago L, Hervás-Aguilar A, de Frutos S, Toledo-Lobo M, Mela V, Viveros M, Argente J, Chowen J, Arilla-Ferreiro E, Barrios V. Acute up-regulation of the rat brain somatostatin receptor-effector system by leptin is related to activation of insulin signaling and may counteract central leptin actions. Neuroscience 2013; 252:289-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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