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Zhao YL, Xu JL, Yi HY, Baba SS, Guo YX, Hou XM, Yuan XC, Li XH, Wang YY, Liang LL, Huo FQ. Activation of 5-HT 5A receptor in the ventrolateral orbital cortex produces antinociceptive effects in rat models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Neuropharmacology 2024; 245:109830. [PMID: 38160874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) is identified as an integral component of the endogenous analgesic system comprising a spinal cord - thalamic nucleus submedius - VLO - periaqueductal gray (PAG) - spinal cord loop. The present study investigates the effects of 5-HT5A receptor activation in the VLO on allodynia induced by spared nerve injury and formalin-evoked flinching behavior and spinal c-Fos expression in male SD rats, and further examines whether GABAergic modulation is involved in the effects evoked by VLO 5-HT5A receptor activation. We found an upregulation of 5-HT5A receptor expression in the VLO during neuropathic and inflammatory pain states. Microinjection of the non-selective 5-HT5A receptor agonist 5-CT into the VLO dose dependently alleviated allodynia, and flinching behavior and spinal c-Fos expression, which were blocked by the selective 5-HT5A receptor antagonist SB-699551. Moreover, application of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline in the VLO augmented the analgesic effects induced by 5-CT in neuropathic and inflammatory pain states, whereas the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol attenuated these analgesic effects. Additionally, the 5-HT5A receptors were found to be colocalized with GABAergic neurons in the VLO. These results provide new evidence for the involvement of central 5-HT5A receptors in the VLO in modulation of neuropathic and inflammatory pain and support the hypothesis that activation of 5-HT5A receptors may inhibit the inhibitory effect of GABAergic interneurons on output neurons projecting to the PAG (GABAergic disinhibitory mechanisms), consequently activating the brainstem descending inhibitory system that depresses nociceptive transmission at the spinal cord level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Jia-Liang Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Yi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Sani Sa'idu Baba
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yi-Xiao Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xue-Mei Hou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Cui Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xu-Hui Li
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Yu-Ying Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Ling-Li Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Fu-Quan Huo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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Suzuki M, Shiraishi E, Cronican J, Kimura H. Effects of the orexin receptor 2 agonist danavorexton on emergence from general anaesthesia and opioid-induced sedation, respiratory depression, and analgesia in rats and monkeys. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:541-552. [PMID: 38296753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed emergence from general anaesthesia, opioid-induced sedation, and opioid-induced respiratory depression is associated with perioperative complications. We characterised the preclinical effects of the orexin receptor 2 (OX2R)-selective agonist danavorexton (TAK-925) on emergence from anaesthesia and reversal of fentanyl-induced sedation, respiratory depression, and analgesia. METHODS Emergence from isoflurane- or propofol-induced anaesthesia and fentanyl-induced sedation were investigated by righting reflex, rotarod, and electroencephalography in rats or monkeys. Fentanyl-induced respiratory depression was assessed by arterial blood gas analysis and whole-body plethysmography in rats and monkeys. Analgesia was evaluated using formalin- and skin incision-induced pain models in rats. RESULTS Danavorexton shortened emergence from isoflurane- or propofol-induced anaesthesia and from fentanyl-induced sedation at 1 (P=0.005), 3 (P=0.006), and 3 mg kg-1 s.c. (P=0.022), respectively, by righting reflex in rats. Danavorexton (10 mg kg-1 s.c.) accelerated recovery from isoflurane-, propofol- and fentanyl-induced motor impairment in separate rotarod tests in rats (P=0.008, P=0.007, P=0.017, respectively), and reversed anaesthesia and fentanyl-induced delta-power increases. Danavorexton shortened emergence (return of righting reflex) from isoflurane- or propofol-induced anaesthesia at 1 (P=0.002) and 3 mg kg-1 (P=0.004), respectively, in cynomolgus monkeys. Danavorexton (10 mg kg-1 s.c.) reversed fentanyl-induced increase in Pco2 (P=0.006), and decrease in Po2 (P=0.015) and pH (P<0.001) in rats, and at 3 mg kg-1 s.c. reversed fentanyl-induced increase in Pco2 (P=0.007), and decrease in Po2 (P=0.013) and SO2 (P=0.036) in monkeys. Danavorexton increased minute volume and tidal volume in fentanyl-treated animals. Danavorexton at ≤10 mg kg-1 s.c. did not compromise fentanyl analgesia in rat formalin- and skin incision-induced pain models. CONCLUSIONS Danavorexton promoted recovery from anaesthesia and fentanyl-induced sedation, and antagonised fentanyl-induced respiratory depression without compromising fentanyl analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohisa Suzuki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Eri Shiraishi
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - James Cronican
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area Unit, Takeda Development Centre Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Haruhide Kimura
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan.
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Chen J, Zhu T, Yu D, Yan B, Zhang Y, Jin J, Yang Z, Zhang B, Hao X, Chen Z, Yan C, Yu J. Moderate Intensity of Treadmill Exercise Rescues TBI-Induced Ferroptosis, Neurodegeneration, and Cognitive Impairments via Suppressing STING Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4872-4896. [PMID: 37193866 PMCID: PMC10415513 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a universal leading cause of long-term neurological disability and causes a huge burden to an ever-growing population. Moderate intensity of treadmill exercise has been recognized as an efficient intervention to combat TBI-induced motor and cognitive disorders, yet the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Ferroptosis is known to be highly implicated in TBI pathophysiology, and the anti-ferroptosis effects of treadmill exercise have been reported in other neurological diseases except for TBI. In addition to cytokine induction, recent evidence has demonstrated the involvement of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway in ferroptosis. Therefore, we examined the possibility that treadmill exercise might inhibit TBI-induced ferroptosis via STING pathway. In this study, we first found that a series of ferroptosis-related characteristics, including abnormal iron homeostasis, decreased glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), and increased lipid peroxidation, were detected at 44 days post TBI, substantiating the involvement of ferroptosis at the chronic stage following TBI. Furthermore, treadmill exercise potently decreased the aforementioned ferroptosis-related changes, suggesting the anti-ferroptosis role of treadmill exercise following TBI. In addition to alleviating neurodegeneration, treadmill exercise effectively reduced anxiety, enhanced spatial memory recovery, and improved social novelty post TBI. Interestingly, STING knockdown also obtained the similar anti-ferroptosis effects after TBI. More importantly, overexpression of STING largely reversed the ferroptosis inactivation caused by treadmill exercise following TBI. To conclude, moderate-intensity treadmill exercise rescues TBI-induced ferroptosis and cognitive deficits at least in part via STING pathway, broadening our understanding of neuroprotective effects induced by treadmill exercise against TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongyu Yu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jungong Jin
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuojin Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuli Hao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhennan Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunxia Yan
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China.
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Yang JS, Gao FF, Yang XX, Liang F, Yang ZJ, Chen J, Zhang YX, Yan CX. The 5-HT 7 receptors in the VLO contribute to the development of morphine-induced behavioral sensitization in rats. Neurochem Int 2023:105566. [PMID: 37339717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine 7 receptor (5-HT7R) is one of the most recently cloned serotonin receptors which have been implicated in many physiological and pathological processes including drug addiction. Behavioral sensitization is the progressive process during which re-exposure to drugs intensified the behavioral and neurochemical responses to drugs. Our previous study has demonstrated that the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) is critical for morphine-induced reinforcing effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 5-HT7Rs in the VLO on morphine-induced behavioral sensitization and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that a single injection of morphine, followed by a low challenge dose could induce behavioral sensitization. Microinjection of the selective 5-HT7R agonist AS-19 into the VLO during the development phase significantly increased morphine-induced hyperactivity. Microinjection of the 5-HT7R antagonist SB-269970 suppressed acute morphine-induced hyperactivity and the induction of behavioral sensitization, but had no effect on the expression of behavioral sensitization. In addition, the phosphorylation of AKT (Ser 473) was increased during the expression phase of morphine-induced behavioral sensitization. Suppression of the induction phase could also block the increase of p-AKT (Ser 473). In conclusion, we demonstrated that 5-HT7Rs and p-AKT in the VLO at least partially contribute to morphine-induced behavioral sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Si Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University) of the National Health Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Academy of Bio-evidence Science, Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi-Xian New District, Shaanxi, 710115, China
| | - Fei-Fei Gao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University) of the National Health Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Academy of Bio-evidence Science, Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi-Xian New District, Shaanxi, 710115, China
| | - Xi-Xi Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University) of the National Health Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Academy of Bio-evidence Science, Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi-Xian New District, Shaanxi, 710115, China
| | - Feng Liang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University) of the National Health Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Zhuo-Jin Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University) of the National Health Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Academy of Bio-evidence Science, Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi-Xian New District, Shaanxi, 710115, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University) of the National Health Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Academy of Bio-evidence Science, Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi-Xian New District, Shaanxi, 710115, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University) of the National Health Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Academy of Bio-evidence Science, Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi-Xian New District, Shaanxi, 710115, China.
| | - Chun-Xia Yan
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University) of the National Health Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Academy of Bio-evidence Science, Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi-Xian New District, Shaanxi, 710115, China.
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Zhang YX, Zhu YM, Yang XX, Gao FF, Chen J, Yu DY, Gao JQ, Chen ZN, Yang JS, Yan CX, Huo FQ. Phosphorylation of Neurofilament Light Chain in the VLO Is Correlated with Morphine-Induced Behavioral Sensitization in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097709. [PMID: 37175416 PMCID: PMC10177919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofilament light chain (NF-L) plays critical roles in synapses that are relevant to neuropsychiatric diseases. Despite postmortem evidence that NF-L is decreased in opiate abusers, its role and underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We found that the microinjection of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) into the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) attenuated chronic morphine-induced behavioral sensitization. The microinjection of TSA blocked the chronic morphine-induced decrease of NF-L. However, our chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR results indicated that this effect was not due to the acetylation of histone H3-Lysine 9 and 14 binding to the NF-L promotor. In line with the behavioral phenotype, the microinjection of TSA also blocked the chronic morphine-induced increase of p-ERK/p-CREB/p-NF-L. Finally, we compared chronic and acute morphine-induced behavioral sensitization. We found that although both chronic and acute morphine-induced behavioral sensitization were accompanied by an increase of p-CREB/p-NF-L, TSA exhibited opposing effects on behavioral phenotype and molecular changes at different addiction contexts. Thus, our findings revealed a novel role of NF-L in morphine-induced behavioral sensitization, and therefore provided some correlational evidence of the involvement of NF-L in opiate addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yuan-Mei Zhu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xi-Xi Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Fei-Fei Gao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Dong-Yu Yu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jing-Qi Gao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jing-Si Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chun-Xia Yan
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Fu-Quan Huo
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
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Stimulation of nucleus accumbens 5-HT6 receptors increases both appetitive and consummatory motivation in an effort-based choice task. Neuroreport 2023; 34:116-121. [PMID: 36608167 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Activity of the serotonin 6(5-HT6) receptor impacts food intake and body weight in animal models and has also shown potential as a target for treatment of anhedonia, a symptom of major depressive disorder. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key region involved in motivational processes and has been implicated in the neural mechanisms underlying anhedonia. Here, we assessed the potential role that 5-HT6 receptors in the NAc play in regulating motivation towards food. Rats received surgical implantation of guide cannulas above the NAc shell. On testing days, they were injected with either the selective 5-HT6 agonist EMD 386088 (at 0.0, 1.0, and 4.0 mg/0.5 mL/side) or the 5-HT6 antagonist SB 252585 (at 0, 1.0, and 4.0 µg/0.5 µL/side) prior to completing a 1-h long effort-based choice task. The task simultaneously examined the impact of NAc 5-HT6 receptor manipulation on appetitive motivation, measured as the breakpoint for earning a preferred sugar pellet in a progressive ratio task, and consummatory motivation, quantified as the grams of freely-available rat chow consumed during the session. Stimulation of NAc 5-HT receptors significantly increased both appetitive and consummatory motivation as assessed in this effort-based choice task. In contrast, 5-HT6 antagonism did not affect break point nor the consumption of the freely-available chow. These data suggest that 5-HT6 receptors are functional within the NAc, that their stimulation increases motivated behavior, and that they may therefore be a viable target for the treatment of anhedonia and disorders that inhibit motivational processes.
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Zhang Y, Yang J, Yang X, Wu Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Huo F, Yan C. The 5-HT 6 Receptors in the Ventrolateral Orbital Cortex Attenuate Allodynia in a Rodent Model of Neuropathic Pain. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:884. [PMID: 32973437 PMCID: PMC7461796 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical allodynia, characterized by a painful sensation induced by innocuous stimuli, is thought to be caused by disruption in pain-related regions. Identification and reversal of this pathologic neuroadaptation are therefore beneficial for clinical treatment. Previous evidence suggests that 5-HT6 receptors in the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) are involved in neuropathic pain, but their function is poorly understood. The aim of the present study is to unveil the role of 5-HT6 receptors in the VLO and the underlying mechanisms in pain modulation. Here, by using the spared nerve injury (SNI) pain model, first, we report that 5-HT6 receptor protein decreased in the contralateral VLO compared with the ipsilateral VLO in rats with allodynia. Second, microinjection of the selective 5-HT6 receptor agonists EMD-386088 and WAY-208466 into the contralateral VLO consistently and significantly depressed allodynia. Third, microinjection of the selective antagonist SB-258585 blocked the agonist-induced anti-allodynic effect, while the antagonist applied alone to the VLO had no effect. Furthermore, the anti-nociceptive effect of EMD-386088 on neuropathic pain was prevented by the adenylate cyclase (AC) inhibitor SQ-22536, and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89, suggesting that AC/PKA signaling might underlie the antinociception of agonists. Finally, the 5-HT6 receptors were found to be colocalized with a glutamate transporter (EAAC1) by immunofluorescent staining, and the glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid was found to completely block antinociception. These findings indicated that the antinociceptive effect of 5-HT6 receptor agonists might occur via interaction with the glutamatergic system. Altogether, the agonists activated 5-HT6 receptors present in the glutamatergic neurons in the VLO to facilitate the AC/PKA cascade, which subsequently might evoke glutamate release, thus depressing allodynia. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role of 5-HT6 receptor agonists in treating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingsi Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xixi Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yangdong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuquan Huo
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunxia Yan
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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