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Wu CYC, Zhang Y, Xu L, Huang Z, Zou P, Clemons GA, Li C, Citadin CT, Zhang Q, Lee RHC. The role of serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 in brain function following cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X231224508. [PMID: 38235747 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231224508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary arrest (CA) is a major cause of death/disability in the U.S. with poor prognosis and survival rates. Current therapeutic challenges are physiologically complex because they involve hypoperfusion (decreased cerebral blood flow), neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We previously discovered novel serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is highly expressed in brain of neurons that are susceptible to ischemia (hippocampus and cortex). We inhibited SGK1 and utilized pharmacological (specific inhibitor, GSK650394) and neuron-specific genetic approaches (shRNA) in rodent models of CA to determine if SGK1 is responsible for hypoperfusion, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunctional, and neurological deficits after CA. Inhibition of SGK1 alleviated cortical hypoperfusion and neuroinflammation (via Iba1, GFAP, and cytokine array). Treatment with GSK650394 enhanced mitochondrial function (via Seahorse respirometry) in the hippocampus 3 and 7 days after CA. Neuronal injury (via MAP2, dMBP, and Golgi staining) in the hippocampus and cortex was observed 7 days after CA but ameliorated with SGK1-shRNA. Moreover, SGK1 mediated neuronal injury by regulating the Ndrg1-SOX10 axis. Finally, animals subjected to CA exhibited learning/memory, motor, and anxiety deficits after CA, whereas SGK1 inhibition via SGK1-shRNA improved neurocognitive function. The present study suggests the fundamental roles of SGK1 in brain circulation and neuronal survival/death in cerebral ischemia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Stroke Center for Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Yulan Zhang
- Stroke Center for Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Li Xu
- Stroke Center for Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Zhihai Huang
- Stroke Center for Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Peibin Zou
- Stroke Center for Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Garrett A Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Chun Li
- Stroke Center for Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Stroke Center for Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Stroke Center for Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
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