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Jian CD, Huang JM, Meng LQ, Li XB, Huang RY, Shi SL, Wu Y, Qin C, Chen J, Zhang YM, Wang S, Feng YL, Zhou SN. SNCA rs3822086 C>T Polymorphism Increases the Susceptibility to Parkinson's Disease in a Chinese Han Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015. [PMID: 26203864 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Dong Jian
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jian-Min Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Lan-Qing Meng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xue-Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Rui-Ya Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Sheng-Liang Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yin-Ling Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Sheng-Nian Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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SNCA Gene, but Not MAPT, Influences Onset Age of Parkinson's Disease in Chinese and Australians. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:135674. [PMID: 25960998 PMCID: PMC4413514 DOI: 10.1155/2015/135674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background. α-Synuclein (SNCA) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) are the two major genes independently, but not jointly, associated with susceptibility for Parkinson's disease (PD). The SNCA gene has recently been identified as a major modifier of age of PD onset. Whether MAPT gene synergistically influences age of onset of PD is unknown. Objective. To investigate independent and joint effects of MAPT and SNCA on PD onset age. Methods. 412 patients with PD were recruited from the Australian PD Research Network (123) and the Neurology Department, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, China (289). MAPT (rs17650901) tagging H1/H2 haplotype and SNCA (Rep1) were genotyped in the Australian cohort, and MAPT (rs242557, rs3744456) and SNCA (rs11931074, rs894278) were genotyped in the Chinese cohort. SPSS regression analysis was used to test genetic effects on age at onset of PD in each cohort. Results. SNCA polymorphisms associated with the onset age of PD in both populations. MAPT polymorphisms did not enhance such association in either entire cohort. Conclusion. This study suggests that, in both ethnic groups, SNCA gene variants influence the age at onset of PD and α-synuclein plays a key role in the disease course of PD.
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Bettencourt C, Raposo M, Kazachkova N, Santos C, Kay T, Vasconcelos J, Maciel P, Donis KC, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Jardim LB, Sequeiros J, Bruges-Armas J, Lima M. Sequence analysis of 5' regulatory regions of the Machado-Joseph disease gene (ATXN3). THE CEREBELLUM 2013; 11:1045-50. [PMID: 22422287 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-012-0373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is a late-onset autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder, which is caused by a coding (CAG)(n) expansion in the ATXN3 gene (14q32.1). The number of CAG repeats in the expanded alleles accounts only for 50 to 75 % of onset variance, the remaining variation being dependent on other factors. Differential allelic expression of ATXN3 could contribute to the explanation of different ages at onset in patients displaying similar CAG repeat sizes. Variation in 5' regulatory regions of the ATXN3 gene may have the potential to influence expression levels and, ultimately, modulate the MJD phenotype. The main goal of this work was to analyze the extent of sequence variation upstream of the ATXN3 start codon. A fragment containing the core promoter and the 5' untranslated region (UTR) was sequenced and analyzed in 186 patients and 59 controls (490 chromosomes). In the core promoter, no polymorphisms were observed. In the 5' UTR, only one SNP (rs3814834) was found, but no improvements on the explanation of onset variance were observed, when adding its allelic state in a linear model. Accordingly, in silico analysis predicted that this SNP lays in a nonconserved position for CMYB binding. Therefore, no functional effect could be predicted for this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conceição Bettencourt
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Haas BR, Stewart TH, Zhang J. Premotor biomarkers for Parkinson's disease - a promising direction of research. Transl Neurodegener 2012; 1:11. [PMID: 23211054 PMCID: PMC3514104 DOI: 10.1186/2047-9158-1-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The second most serious neurodegenerative disease is Parkinson’s disease (PD). Over the past several decades, a strong body of evidence suggests that PD can begin years before the hallmark clinical motor symptoms appear. Biomarkers for PD are urgently needed to differentiate between neurodegenerative disorders, screen novel therapeutics, and predict eventual clinical PD before the onset of symptoms. Some clinical evaluations and neuroimaging techniques have been developed in the last several years with some success in this area. Moreover, other strategies have been utilized to identify biochemical and genetic markers associated with PD leading to the examination of PD progression and pathogenesis in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, or saliva. Finally, interesting results are surfacing from preliminary studies using known PD-associated genetic mutations to assess potential premotor PD biomarkers. The current review highlights recent advances and underscores areas of potential advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Haas
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, HMC Box 359635, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
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Chang XL, Mao XY, Li HH, Zhang JH, Li NN, Burgunder JM, Peng R, Tan EK. Functional parkin promoter polymorphism in Parkinson's disease: new data and meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 2010; 302:68-71. [PMID: 21176923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A functional SNP (rs9347683) in the promoter region of the parkin gene had been implicated as a risk factor in older Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. METHODS Using a case-control methodology, we genotyped the SNP in the promoter region of the parkin gene to investigate their association with risk of PD and conducted a pooled analysis of published papers in the English literature. RESULTS A total of 1087 study subjects comprising 595 patients with PD and 492 unrelated healthy controls were recruited. The frequency of "GG" genotype in the elderly sub-group (≥ 65 years) was higher in PD compared to controls (OR=1.11) though we did not observe any difference in allele or genotype frequencies between the cases and the controls (P>0.05) in the overall PD population. Those with genotype "GG" were associated with a higher Hoehn-Yahr stage compared with PD patients carrying "GT"+"TT" (P=0.040). A pooled analysis involving more than >3000 subjects revealed that the frequency of genotypes in PD patients did not differ from the controls (OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.86-1.12). However, in the group ≥ 65 years of age, the "GG" genotype was higher in PD (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.06-2.13, P=0.020) among the ethnic Chinese. CONCLUSIONS While we did not demonstrate a significant association of the parkin promoter polymorphism with PD in our sample, the pooled data suggest that the variant may increase the risk of PD in the more elderly population among the ethnic Chinese, suggesting possible ethnicity-specific effect. Further in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate this functional parkin variant are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Li Chang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Brain molecular aging, promotion of neurological disease and modulation by sirtuin 5 longevity gene polymorphism. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 41:279-90. [PMID: 20887790 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms determining characteristic age-of-onset for neurological diseases are largely unknown. Normal brain aging associates with robust and progressive transcriptome changes ("molecular aging"), but the intersection with disease pathways is mostly uncharacterized. Here, using cross-cohort microarray analysis of four human brain areas, we show that neurological disease pathways largely overlap with molecular aging and that subjects carrying a newly-characterized low-expressing polymorphism in a putative longevity gene (Sirtuin5; SIRT5(prom2)) have older brain molecular ages. Specifically, molecular aging was remarkably conserved across cohorts and brain areas, and included numerous developmental and transcription-regulator genes. Neurological disease-associated genes were highly overrepresented within age-related genes and changed almost unanimously in pro-disease directions, together suggesting an underlying genetic "program" of aging that progressively promotes disease. To begin testing this putative pathway, we developed and used an age-biosignature to assess five candidate longevity gene polymorphisms' association with molecular aging rates. Most robustly, aging was accelerated in cingulate, but not amygdala, of subjects carrying a SIRT5 promoter polymorphism (+9 years, p=0.004), in concordance with cingulate-specific decreased SIRT5 expression. This effect was driven by a set of core transcripts (+24 years, p=0.0004), many of which were mitochondrial, including Parkinson's disease genes, PINK-1 and DJ-1/PARK7, hence suggesting that SIRT5(prom2) may represent a risk factor for mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases, including Parkinson's, through accelerated molecular aging of disease-related genes. Based on these results we speculate that a "common mechanism" may underlie age-of-onset across several neurological diseases. Confirming this pathway and its regulation by common genetic variants would provide new strategies for predicting, delaying, and treating neurological diseases.
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Bergman O, Håkansson A, Westberg L, Belin AC, Sydow O, Olson L, Holmberg B, Fratiglioni L, Bäckman L, Eriksson E, Nissbrandt H. Do polymorphisms in transcription factors LMX1A and LMX1B influence the risk for Parkinson's disease? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 116:333-8. [PMID: 19189040 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The key symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are caused by degeneration of dopamine neurons originating in substantia nigra. Whereas, transcription factor LMX1A is crucial for the differentiation of mesencephalic dopamine neurons, LMX1B appears to be important for both the development and the survival of these cells. The aim of this study was to investigate if genetic variation in LMX1A and LMX1B differs between patients with PD (n = 357) and control subjects (n = 1428) by genotyping 33 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LMX1A and 11 SNPs in LMX1B. Three SNPs in LMX1A and one in LMX1B were associated with PD. After splitting for gender, six SNPs were associated with PD in women and four in men. The significances obtained did not survive correction for multiple testing, and our results should hence be interpreted with caution, but are partly in line with a previous report, and should thus be of sufficient interest to encourage further studies of these genes in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olle Bergman
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, P.O.B. 431, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Taylor JM, Wu RM, Lin CH, Delatycki MB, Lockhart PJ. Lack of evidence for association of a parkin promoter polymorphism with early-onset Parkinson's disease in a Chinese population. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009; 15:149-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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