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Li M, Cui MM, Kenechukwu NA, Gu YW, Chen YL, Zhong SJ, Gao YT, Cao XY, Wang L, Liu FM, Wen XR. Rosmarinic acid ameliorates hypoxia/ischemia induced cognitive deficits and promotes remyelination. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:894-902. [PMID: 31719255 PMCID: PMC6990785 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.268927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid, a common ester extracted from Rosemary, Perilla frutescens, and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been shown to have protective effects against various diseases. This is an investigation into whether rosmarinic acid can also affect the changes of white matter fibers and cognitive deficits caused by hypoxic injury. The right common carotid artery of 3-day-old rats was ligated for 2 hours. The rats were then prewarmed in a plastic container with holes in the lid, which was placed in 37°C water bath for 30 minutes. Afterwards, the rats were exposed to an atmosphere with 8% O2 and 92% N2 for 30 minutes to establish the perinatal hypoxia/ischemia injury models. The rat models were intraperitoneally injected with rosmarinic acid 20 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days. At 22 days after birth, rosmarinic acid was found to improve motor, anxiety, learning and spatial memory impairments induced by hypoxia/ischemia injury. Furthermore, rosmarinic acid promoted the proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the subventricular zone. After hypoxia/ischemia injury, rosmarinic acid reversed to some extent the downregulation of myelin basic protein and the loss of myelin sheath in the corpus callosum of white matter structure. Rosmarinic acid partially slowed down the expression of oligodendrocyte marker Olig2 and myelin basic protein and the increase of oligodendrocyte apoptosis marker inhibitors of DNA binding 2. These data indicate that rosmarinic acid ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction after perinatal hypoxia/ischemia injury by improving remyelination in corpus callosum. This study was approved by the Animal Experimental Ethics Committee of Xuzhou Medical University, China (approval No. 20161636721) on September 16, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Miao-Miao Cui
- Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | - Yi-Wei Gu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Lin Chen
- Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Si-Jing Zhong
- Xuzhou Medical University Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Ting Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue-Yan Cao
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fu-Min Liu
- Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang-Ru Wen
- Research Center for Neurobiology and Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Gou X, Tang Y, Qu Y, Xiao D, Ying J, Mu D. Could the inhibitor of DNA binding 2 and 4 play a role in white matter injury? Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:625-638. [PMID: 30738015 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
White matter injury (WMI) prevents the normal development of myelination, leading to central nervous system myelination disorders and the production of chronic sequelae associated with WMI, such as chronic dyskinesia, cognitive impairment and cerebral palsy. This results in a large emotional and socioeconomic burden. Decreased myelination in preterm infant WMI is associated with the delayed development or destruction of oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells, particularly oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). The development of cells from the OL lineage involves the migration, proliferation and different stages of OL differentiation, finally leading to myelination. A series of complex intrinsic, extrinsic and epigenetic factors regulate the OPC cell cycle withdrawal, OL lineage progression and myelination. We focus on the inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2), because it is widely involved in the different stages of OL differentiation and genesis. ID2 is a key transcription factor for the normal development of OL lineage cells, and the pathogenesis of WMI is closely linked with OL developmental disorders. ID4, another family member of the IDs protein, also plays a similar role in OL differentiation and genesis. ID2 and ID4 belong to the helix-loop-helix family; they lack the DNA-binding sequences and inhibit oligodendrogenesis and OPC differentiation. In this review, we mainly discuss the roles of ID2 in OL development, especially during OPC differentiation, and summarize the ID2-mediated intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways that regulate these processes. We also discuss ID4 in relation to bone morphogenetic protein signaling and oligodendrogenesis. It is likely that these developmental mechanisms are also involved in the myelin repair or remyelination in human neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Gou
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dongqiong Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Huang S, Tang C, Sun S, Cao W, Qi W, Xu J, Huang J, Lu W, Liu Q, Gong B, Zhang Y, Jiang J. Protective Effect of Electroacupuncture on Neural Myelin Sheaths is Mediated via Promotion of Oligodendrocyte Proliferation and Inhibition of Oligodendrocyte Death After Compressed Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1870-1881. [PMID: 25465241 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) has been used worldwide to treat demyelinating diseases, but its therapeutic mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, a custom-designed model of compressed spinal cord injury (CSCI) was used to induce demyelination. Zusanli (ST36) and Taixi (KI3) acupoints of adult rats were stimulated by EA to demonstrate its protective effect. At 14 days after EA, both locomotor skills and ultrastructural features of myelin sheath were significantly improved. Phenotypes of proliferating cells were identified by double immunolabeling of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine with antibodies to cell markers: NG2 [oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) marker], 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) (oligodendrocyte marker), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (astrocyte marker). EA enhanced the proliferation of OPCs and CNPase, as well as the differentiation of OPCs by promoting Olig2 (the basic helix-loop-helix protein) and attenuating Id2 (the inhibitor of DNA binding 2). EA could also improve myelin basic protein (MBP) and protect existing oligodendrocytes from apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-12 (a representative of endoplasmic reticulum stress) and cytochrome c (an apoptotic factor and hallmark of mitochondria). Therefore, our results indicate that the protective effect of EA on neural myelin sheaths is mediated via promotion of oligodendrocyte proliferation and inhibition of oligodendrocyte death after CSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chenglin Tang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shanquan Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Wenfu Cao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Chongqing Three Gorgers Central Hospital, No.165 Xin Cheng Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weitian Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Biao Gong
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Huang SQ, Tang CL, Sun SQ, Yang C, Xu J, Wang KJ, Lu WT, Huang J, Zhuo F, Qiu GP, Wu XY, Qi W. Demyelination initiated by oligodendrocyte apoptosis through enhancing endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria interactions and Id2 expression after compressed spinal cord injury in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 20:20-31. [PMID: 23937638 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demyelination is one of the most important pathological factors of spinal cord injury. Oligodendrocyte apoptosis is involved in triggering demyelination. However, fewer reports on pathological changes and mechanism of demyelination have been presented from compressed spinal cord injury (CSCI). The relative effect of oligodendrocyte apoptosis on CSCI-induced demyelination and the mechanism of apoptosis remain unclear. AIMS In this study, a custom-designed model of CSCI was used to determine whether or not demyelination and oligodendrocyte apoptosis occur after CSCI. The pathological changes in axonal myelinated fibers were investigated by osmic acid staining and transmission electron microscopy. Myelin basic protein (MBP), which is used in myelin formation in the central nervous system, was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot assays. Oligodendrocyte apoptosis was revealed by in situ terminal-deoxytransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling. To analyze the mechanism of oligodendrocyte apoptosis, we detected caspase-12 [a representative of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress], cytochrome c (an apoptotic factor and hallmark of mitochondria), and inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2, an oligodendrocyte lineage gene) by immunofluorescence and Western blot assays. RESULTS The custom-designed model of CSCI was successfully established. The rats were spastic, paralyzed, and incontinent. The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale scores were decreased as time passed. The compressed spinal cord slices were ischemic. Myelin sheaths became swollen and degenerative; these sheaths were broken down as time passed after CSCI. MBP expression was downregulated after CSCI and consistent with the degree of demyelination. Oligodendrocyte apoptosis occurred at 1 day after CSCI and increased as caspase-12 expression was enhanced and cytochrome c was released. Id2 was distributed widely in the white matter. Id2 expression increased with time after CSCI. CONCLUSION Demyelination occurred after CSCI and might be partly caused by oligodendrocyte apoptosis, which was positively correlated with ER-mitochondria interactions and enhanced Id2 expression after CSCI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qin Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Developmental changes and subcellular location in inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) immunoreactivity in the rat Corpus callosum. Acta Histochem 2012; 114:653-8. [PMID: 22172709 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination are still unclear, but understanding them will be critical for the development of therapies for multiple sclerosis. Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) is a transcription factor thought to inhibit oligodendrocyte differentiation, however, it is not known whether the developmental changes and subcellular localization of Id2 are related to myelination. Therefore, we investigated the developmental changes in and the subcellular localization of Id2 immunoreactivity in the rat Corpus callosum, at post-natal developmental stages P0, P7, P14, P21, P42 and P90, by immunohistochemistry. Id2 expression increased from P0 to a peak at P42, the late stage of myelination in the Corpus callosum. Id2 immunostaining decreased slightly, but still remained high at P90. Subcellular localization of Id2 changed from presence in cytoplasm at P14 to the nuclei at P42. Moreover, Id2 was mainly co-localized with CC-1-immunopositive mature oligodendrocytes at P42. These results may be consistent with Id2 inhibitory function in oligodendrocyte differentiation, at the end of myelination or in compaction of myelin in the Corpus callosum of postnatal rat brain.
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Chen XS, Zhang YH, Cai QY, Yao ZX. ID2: A negative transcription factor regulating oligodendroglia differentiation. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:925-32. [PMID: 22253220 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Remyelination of the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis patients is often incomplete. Remyelination depends on normal oligodendrogenesis and the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) into mature oligodendrocytes (OL). Inhibitor of DNA binding (ID), a transcription factor, is thought to inhibit oligodendrogenesis and the differentiation of OPC. This Mini-Review aims to reveal the roles of and mechanisms used by IDs (mainly ID2) in this process. An interaction between ID2 and retinoblastoma tumor suppressor is responsible for the cell cycle transition from G1 to S. The translocation of ID2 between the nucleus and cytoplasm is regulated by E47 and OLIG. An interaction between ID2 and OLIG mediates the inhibitory effects of bone morphogenic proteins and G protein-coupled receptor 17 on oligodendroglia differentiation. ID2 expression is regulated by Wnt and histone deacetylases during the differentiation of OPC. ID4, another member of the ID family, functions similarly to ID2 in regulating the differentiation of OPC. The main difference is that ID4 is essential for oligodendrogenesis, whereas ID2 is nonessential. This could have important implications for demyelinating diseases, and interfering with these pathways might represent a viable therapeutic approach for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Shu Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang LY, Niu ZZ, Hu BX, Wu JM, Jiang X, Hu XF, Huang WH, Ouyang J, Yu L, Qiu XZ. Long-term intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide induces high expression of Id2 in the brain of mice. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4193-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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