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Du H, Yu J, Li Q, Zhang M. New Evidence of Tiger Subspecies Differentiation and Environmental Adaptation: Comparison of the Whole Genomes of the Amur Tiger and the South China Tiger. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141817. [PMID: 35883364 PMCID: PMC9312029 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tigers are top predators and umbrella protectors, vital to the stability of ecosystems. The South China tiger has been declared extinct in the wild and only exists in captivity. The Chinese government is actively promoting the reintroduction of the South China tiger into the wild. The future of the wild population of the Amur tiger in China is not optimistic, and the recovery of the population is an essential task for the conservation of the Amur tiger. The recovery of the population is not only a macroscopic problem but also a significant study of molecular ecology. We used high-throughput sequencing technology to study the differences in adaptive selection between Amur tigers and South China tigers. Significant genetic differences were found between the Amur tiger and the South China tiger based on a principal component analysis and phylogenetic tree. We identified functional genes and regulatory pathways related to reproduction, disease, predation, and metabolism and characterized functional genes related to survival in the wild, such as smell, vision, muscle, and predatory ability. The data also provide new evidence for the adaptation of Amur tigers to cold environments. PRKG1 is involved in temperature regulation in a cold climate. FOXO1 and TPM4 regulate body temperature to keep it constant. The research also provides a molecular basis for future tiger conservation. Abstract Panthera tigris is a top predator that maintains the integrity of forest ecosystems and is an integral part of biodiversity. No more than 400 Amur tigers (P. t. altaica) are left in the wild, whereas the South China tiger (P. t. amoyensis) is thought to be extinct in the wild, and molecular biology has been widely used in conservation and management. In this study, the genetic information of Amur tigers and South China tigers was studied by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). A total of 647 Gb of high-quality clean data was obtained. There were 6.3 million high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), among which most (66.3%) were located in intergenic regions, with an average of 31.72% located in coding sequences. There were 1.73 million insertion-deletions (InDels), among which there were 2438 InDels (0.10%) in the coding region, and 270 thousand copy number variations (CNVs). Significant genetic differences were found between the Amur tiger and the South China tiger based on a principal component analysis and phylogenetic tree. The linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that the linkage disequilibrium attenuation distance of the South China tiger and the Amur tiger was almost the same, whereas the r2 of the South China tiger was 0.6, and the r2 of the Amur tiger was 0.4. We identified functional genes and regulatory pathways related to reproduction, disease, predation, and metabolism and characterized functional genes related to survival in the wild, such as smell, vision, muscle, and predatory ability. The data also provide new evidence for the adaptation of Amur tigers to cold environments. PRKG1 is involved in temperature regulation in a cold climate. FOXO1 and TPM4 regulate body temperature to keep it constant. Our results can provide genetic support for precise interspecies conservation and management planning in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Du
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (H.D.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jingjing Yu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (H.D.); (J.Y.)
- Resources & Environment College, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Minghai Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (H.D.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (M.Z.)
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Shihabi M, Lukic B, Cubric-Curik V, Brajkovic V, Oršanić M, Ugarković D, Vostry L, Curik I. Identification of Selection Signals on the X-Chromosome in East Adriatic Sheep: A New Complementary Approach. Front Genet 2022; 13:887582. [PMID: 35615375 PMCID: PMC9126029 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.887582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep are one of the most important livestock species in Croatia, found mainly in the Mediterranean coastal and mountainous regions along the East Adriatic coast, well adapted to the environment and mostly kept extensively. Our main objective was therefore to map the positive selection of the X-chromosome (18,983 SNPs that passed quality control), since nothing is known about the adaptation genes on this chromosome for any of the breeds from the Balkan cluster. Analyses were performed on a sample of eight native Croatian breeds (101 females and 100 males) representing the East Adriatic metapopulation and on 10 mouflons (five females and males), all sampled in Croatia. Three classical within-population approaches (extreme Runs of Homozygosity islands, integrated Haplotype Score, and number of Segregating Sites by Length) were applied along with our new approach called Haplotype Richness Drop (HRiD), which uses only the information contained in male haplotypes. We have also shown that phylogenetic analyses, such as the Median-joining network, can provide additional information when performed with the selection signals identified by HRiD. Our new approach identifies positive selection signals by searching for genomic regions that exhibit a sudden decline in haplotype richness. In total, we identified 14 positive selection signals, 11 using the classical approach and three using the HRiD approach, all together containing 34 annotated genes. The most reliable selection signal was mapped by all four approaches in the same region, overlapping between 13.17 and 13.60 Mb, and assigned to the CA5B, ZRSR2, AP1S2, and GRPR genes. High repeatability (86%) of results was observed, as 12 identified selection signals were also confirmed in other studies with sheep. HRiD offers an interesting possibility to be used complementary to other approaches or when only males are genotyped, which is often the case in genomic breeding value estimations. These results highlight the importance of the X-chromosome in the adaptive architecture of domestic ruminants, while our novel HRiD approach opens new possibilities for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Shihabi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Mario Shihabi, ; Ino Curik,
| | - Boris Lukic
- Department for Animal Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Cubric-Curik
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Brajkovic
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Milan Oršanić
- Department of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Ugarković
- Department of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luboš Vostry
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ino Curik
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Mario Shihabi, ; Ino Curik,
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Cesarani A, Gaspa G, Correddu F, Dimauro C, Macciotta NPP. Unravelling the effect of environment on the genome of Sarda breed ewes using Runs of Homozygosity. J Anim Breed Genet 2022; 139:292-306. [PMID: 34984736 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural adaptation and artificial selection have shaped the genome of modern livestock breeds. Among SNP-based metrics that are used to detect signatures of selection at genome-wide level, runs of homozygosity (ROH) are getting increasing popularity. In this paper, ROH distribution and features of a sample of 823 Sarda breed ewes farmed at different levels of altitude are analysed to investigate the effect of the environment on the patterns of homozygosity. A total of 46,829 (33,087 unique) ROH were detected. OAR2 exhibited the largest average number of ROH per animal. The most frequent ROH (OAR27, 38.9-44.2 Mb) was shared by 327. ROH length was statistically affected (p < 0.001) by both the altitude and temperature of the place where the flock was located. The highest probability of a SNP falling in a ROH was observed for hill ewes, whereas the smallest one for mountain. A total of 457 SNP exceeded the 99th percentile of the ROH count per SNP distribution and were considered significant. These markers mapped in eight chromosomes and they clustered into 17 ROH islands, where 80 candidate genes were mapped. Results of this study highlighted differences in the ROH distribution and features among sheep farmed in flocks located at different levels of altitude, confirming the role of environmental adaptability in shaping the genome of this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cesarani
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Giustino Gaspa
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Alimentary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Fabio Correddu
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Corrado Dimauro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Vickrey AI, Bruders R, Kronenberg Z, Mackey E, Bohlender RJ, Maclary ET, Maynez R, Osborne EJ, Johnson KP, Huff CD, Yandell M, Shapiro MD. Introgression of regulatory alleles and a missense coding mutation drive plumage pattern diversity in the rock pigeon. eLife 2018; 7:e34803. [PMID: 30014848 PMCID: PMC6050045 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Birds and other vertebrates display stunning variation in pigmentation patterning, yet the genes controlling this diversity remain largely unknown. Rock pigeons (Columba livia) are fundamentally one of four color pattern phenotypes, in decreasing order of melanism: T-check, checker, bar (ancestral), or barless. Using whole-genome scans, we identified NDP as a candidate gene for this variation. Allele-specific expression differences in NDP indicate cis-regulatory divergence between ancestral and melanistic alleles. Sequence comparisons suggest that derived alleles originated in the speckled pigeon (Columba guinea), providing a striking example of introgression. In contrast, barless rock pigeons have an increased incidence of vision defects and, like human families with hereditary blindness, carry start-codon mutations in NDP. In summary, we find that both coding and regulatory variation in the same gene drives wing pattern diversity, and post-domestication introgression supplied potentially advantageous melanistic alleles to feral populations of this ubiquitous urban bird.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Vickrey
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Rebecca Bruders
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Zev Kronenberg
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Emma Mackey
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Ryan J Bohlender
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer CenterUniversity of TexasHoustonUnited States
| | - Emily T Maclary
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Raquel Maynez
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Edward J Osborne
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research InstituteUniversity of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignChampaignUnited States
| | - Chad D Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer CenterUniversity of TexasHoustonUnited States
| | - Mark Yandell
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
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Genetic Determinism of Fearfulness, General Activity and Feeding Behavior in Chickens and Its Relationship with Digestive Efficiency. Behav Genet 2016; 47:114-124. [PMID: 27604231 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-016-9807-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The genetic relationships between behavior and digestive efficiency were studied in 860 chickens from a cross between two lines divergently selected on digestive efficiency. At 2 weeks of age each chick was video-recorded in the home pen to characterize general activity and feeding behavior. Tonic immobility and open-field tests were also carried out individually to evaluate emotional reactivity (i.e. the propensity to express fear responses). Digestive efficiency was measured at 3 weeks. Genetic parameters of behavior traits were estimated. Birds were genotyped on 3379 SNP markers to detect QTLs. Heritabilities of behavioral traits were low, apart from tonic immobility (0.17-0.18) and maximum meal length (0.14). The genetic correlations indicated that the most efficient birds fed more frequently and were less fearful. We detected 14 QTL (9 for feeding behavior, 3 for tonic immobility, 2 for frequency of lying). Nine of them co-localized with QTL for efficiency, anatomy of the digestive tract, feed intake or microbiota composition. Four genes involved in fear reactions were identified in the QTL for tonic immobility on GGA1.
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Candidate genes in panic disorder: meta-analyses of 23 common variants in major anxiogenic pathways. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:665-79. [PMID: 26390831 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of molecular genetics approaches in examination of panic disorder (PD) has implicated several variants as potential susceptibility factors for panicogenesis. However, the identification of robust PD susceptibility genes has been complicated by phenotypic diversity, underpowered association studies and ancestry-specific effects. In the present study, we performed a succinct review of case-control association studies published prior to April 2015. Meta-analyses were performed for candidate gene variants examined in at least three studies using the Cochrane Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model. Secondary analyses were also performed to assess the influences of sex, agoraphobia co-morbidity and ancestry-specific effects on panicogenesis. Meta-analyses were performed on 23 variants in 20 PD candidate genes. Significant associations after correction for multiple testing were observed for three variants, TMEM132D rs7370927 (T allele: odds ratio (OR)=1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15-1.40, P=2.49 × 10(-6)), rs11060369 (CC genotype: OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.53-0.79, P=1.81 × 10(-5)) and COMT rs4680 (Val (G) allele: OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.14-1.42, P=2.49 × 10(-5)) in studies with samples of European ancestry. Nominal associations that did not survive correction for multiple testing were observed for NPSR1 rs324891 (T allele: OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.07-1.38, P=0.002), TPH1 rs1800532 (AA genotype: OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.14-1.89, P=0.003) and HTR2A rs6313 (T allele: OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.33, P=0.002) in studies with samples of European ancestry and for MAOA-uVNTR in female PD (low-active alleles: OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.07-1.38, P=0.004). No significant associations were observed in the secondary analyses considering sex, agoraphobia co-morbidity and studies with samples of Asian ancestry. Although these findings highlight a few associations, PD likely involves genetic variation in a multitude of biological pathways that is diverse among populations. Future studies must incorporate larger sample sizes and genome-wide approaches to further quantify the observed genetic variation among populations and subphenotypes of PD.
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Zhao Y, Shi J, Winey M, Klymkowsky MW. Identifying domains of EFHC1 involved in ciliary localization, ciliogenesis, and the regulation of Wnt signaling. Dev Biol 2016; 411:257-265. [PMID: 26783883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
EFHC1 encodes a ciliary protein that has been linked to Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. In ectodermal explants, derived from Xenopus laevis embryos, the morpholino-mediated down-regulation of EFHC1b inhibited multiciliated cell formation. In those ciliated cells that did form, axoneme but not basal body formation was inhibited. EFHC1b morphant embryos displayed defects in central nervous system (CNS) and neural crest patterning that were rescued by a EFHC1b-GFP chimera. EFHC1b-GFP localized to ciliary axonemes in epidermal, gastrocoele roof plate, and neural tube cells. In X. laevis there is a link between Wnt signaling and multiciliated cell formation. While down-regulation of EFHC1b led to a ~2-fold increase in the activity of the β-catenin/Wnt-responsive TOPFLASH reporter, EFHC1b-GFP did not inhibit β-catenin activation of TOPFLASH. Wnt8a RNA levels were increased in EFHC1b morphant ectodermal explants and intact embryos, analyzed prior to the on-set of ciliogenesis. Rescue of the EFHC1b MO's ciliary axonemal phenotypes required the entire protein; in contrast, the EFHC1b morpholino's Wnt8a, CNS, and neural crest phenotypes were rescued by a truncated form of EFHC1b. The EFHC1b morpholino's Wnt8a phenotype was also rescued by the injection of RNAs encoding secreted Wnt inhibitors, suggesting that these phenotypes are due to effects on Wnt signaling, rather than the loss of cilia, an observation of potential relevance to understanding EFHC1's role in human neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347, USA
| | - Jianli Shi
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347, USA
| | - Mark Winey
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347, USA
| | - Michael W Klymkowsky
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347, USA.
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Startin CM, Fiorentini C, de Haan M, Skuse DH. Variation in the X-linked EFHC2 gene is associated with social cognitive abilities in males. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131604. [PMID: 26107779 PMCID: PMC4481314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Females outperform males on many social cognitive tasks. X-linked genes may contribute to this sex difference. Males possess one X chromosome, while females possess two X chromosomes. Functional variations in X-linked genes are therefore likely to impact more on males than females. Previous studies of X-monosomic women with Turner syndrome suggest a genetic association with facial fear recognition abilities at Xp11.3, specifically at a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs7055196) within the EFHC2 gene. Based on a strong hypothesis, we investigated an association between variation at SNP rs7055196 and facial fear recognition and theory of mind abilities in males. As predicted, males possessing the G allele had significantly poorer facial fear detection accuracy and theory of mind abilities than males possessing the A allele (with SNP variant accounting for up to 4.6% of variance). Variation in the X-linked EFHC2 gene at SNP rs7055196 is therefore associated with social cognitive abilities in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. Startin
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Michelle de Haan
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David H. Skuse
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Helsmoortel C, Vandeweyer G, Ordoukhanian P, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Van der Aa N, Kooy RF. Challenges and opportunities in the investigation of unexplained intellectual disability using family-based whole-exome sequencing. Clin Genet 2014; 88:140-8. [PMID: 25081361 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID), characterized by an intellectual performance of at least 2 SD (standard deviations) below average is a frequent, lifelong disorder with a prevalence of 2-3%. Today, only for at most half of patients a diagnosis is made. Knowing the cause of the ID is important for patients and their relatives, as it allows for appropriate medical care, prognosis on further development of the disorder, familial counselling or access to support groups. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) now offers the possibility to identify the genetic cause for patients for which all previously available genetic tests, including karyotyping, specific gene analysis, or microarray analysis did not reveal causative abnormalities. However, data analysis of WES experiments is challenging. Here we present an analysis workflow implementable in any laboratory, requiring no bioinformatics knowledge. We demonstrated its feasibility on a cohort of 10 patients, in which we found a conclusive diagnosis in 3 and a likely diagnosis in 2 more patients. Of the three conclusive diagnoses, one was a clinically suspected mutation missed by Sanger sequencing, and one was an atypical presentation of a known monogenic disorder, highlighting two essential strengths of WES-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Helsmoortel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - G Vandeweyer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Biomedical Informatics Research Center Antwerpen (Biomina), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - P Ordoukhanian
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - F Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N Van der Aa
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R F Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Mochcovitch MD, Nardi AE, Cardoso A. Temperament and character dimensions and their relationship to major depression and panic disorder. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2012; 34:342-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbp.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Paulson L, Persson A, Vonck K, Van Dycke A, Kuhn HG, Boon P, Ben-Menachem E, Raedt R. Effect of levetiracetam on hippocampal protein expression and cell proliferation in rats. Epilepsy Res 2010; 90:110-20. [PMID: 20435441 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Levetiracetam (LEV) is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED) with possibly also antiepileptogenic properties. LEV has a specific binding site in the central nervous system and reduces brain excitability; however, the precise mechanism of action (MOA) of LEV remains unclear. To further unravel the potential MOA pathways of LEV we investigated altered protein expression and cell proliferation in rat hippocampal tissue during LEV administration. METHODS On day 1 of the experiment, rats were randomly assigned to a treatment group (LEV, 600 mg/kg/day, n=10) and a control group (saline, n=10). On days 2 and 3 rats were injected with bromodeoxyuridine (50 mg/kg, i.p., BID). After 7 days of treatment rats were killed and their brains removed. The right hemisphere was processed for histochemistry. The left hippocampus was dissected and frozen for proteomic analysis. Proteins were extracted from the tissue and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed. RESULTS Treatment with LEV did not influence hippocampal cell proliferation. Multivariate analysis of differential protein expression, determined by proteomic analysis, revealed a significant clustering of control and treatment groups. The proteins which most contribute to the difference between groups were identified with mass spectrometry. The identified proteins were either involved in cytoskeleton, energy metabolism, neurotransmission, signal transduction, myelinization or stress response. DISCUSSION LEV does not affect hippocampal cell proliferation but has significant effects on the expression of proteins involved in a variety of physiological processes involved in physiological processes that play an important role in the currently identified MOAs of AEDs such as neurotransmission and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Paulson
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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12
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Turk DC, Wilson HD. Fear of pain as a prognostic factor in chronic pain: conceptual models, assessment, and treatment implications. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2010; 14:88-95. [PMID: 20425197 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-010-0094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a pervasive health care issue affecting over 50 million Americans and costing more than $100 billion dollars annually in lost productivity and health care costs. As a financially and emotionally taxing condition, the families and friends of people with chronic pain, as well as society at large, are affected. Current theory supports the role of biological, psychological, and environmental factors in the etiology, exacerbation, and maintenance of chronic pain. Recently, the specific role of pain-related fear in pain experience has received increasing attention. This article summarizes current understanding of the role of pain-related fear in the onset of acute pain incidents, the transition of acute pain to chronic, and the pain severity and disability of patients with ongoing chronic pain conditions. Treatments demonstrated to reduce pain-related fear are presented, evidence demonstrating their efficacy at reducing disability and pain severity are summarized, and recent criticisms of the fear-avoidance model and future directions are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis C Turk
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA.
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Salum GA, Blaya C, Manfro GG, Segal J, Leistner-Segal S. Emerging research groups studying Brazilian psychiatric genetics. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2010; 32:91-2; author reply 92-4. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462010000100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Blaya
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jair Segal
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Hospital de Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre, Brazil
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