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Thomas P, Leclerc M, Evitts K, Brown C, Miller W, Hanson AJ, Banks WA, Gibbons L, Domoto‐Reilly K, Jayadev S, Li G, Peskind E, Young JE, Calon F, Rhea EM. Cerebrospinal fluid soluble insulin receptor levels in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e12603. [PMID: 38800123 PMCID: PMC11127683 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain insulin resistance and deficiency is a consistent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin resistance can be mediated by the surface expression of the insulin receptor (IR). Cleavage of the IR generates the soluble IR (sIR). METHODS We measured the levels of sIR present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from individuals along the AD diagnostic spectrum from two cohorts: Seattle (n = 58) and the Consortium for the Early Identification of Alzheimer's Disease-Quebec (CIMA-Q; n = 61). We further investigated the brain cellular contribution for sIR using human cell lines. RESULTS CSF sIR levels were not statistically different in AD. CSF sIR and amyloid beta (Aβ)42 and Aβ40 levels significantly correlated as well as CSF sIR and cognition in the CIMA-Q cohort. Human neurons expressing the amyloid precursor protein "Swedish" mutation generated significantly greater sIR and human astrocytes were also able to release sIR in response to both an inflammatory and insulin stimulus. DISCUSSION These data support further investigation into the generation and role of sIR in AD. Highlights Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble insulin receptor (sIR) levels positively correlate with amyloid beta (Aβ)42 and Aβ40.CSF sIR levels negatively correlate with cognitive performance (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score).CSF sIR levels in humans remain similar across Alzheimer's disease diagnostic groups.Neurons derived from humans with the "Swedish" mutation in which Aβ42 is increased generate increased levels of sIR.Human astrocytes can also produce sIR and generation is stimulated by tumor necrosis factor α and insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thomas
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculty of PharmacyLaval UniversityQuebecQuebecCanada
- Neuroscience AxisCHU de Québec Research Center − Laval UniversityQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Kira Evitts
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Caitlin Brown
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Wyatt Miller
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Angela J. Hanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - William A. Banks
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Laura Gibbons
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Ge Li
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Veterans Affairs Northwest Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Elaine Peskind
- Veterans Affairs Northwest Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Jessica E. Young
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Frederic Calon
- Faculty of PharmacyLaval UniversityQuebecQuebecCanada
- Neuroscience AxisCHU de Québec Research Center − Laval UniversityQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Elizabeth M. Rhea
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
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Calvo-Ochoa E, Arias C. Cellular and metabolic alterations in the hippocampus caused by insulin signalling dysfunction and its association with cognitive impairment during aging and Alzheimer's disease: studies in animal models. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:1-13. [PMID: 24464982 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of animal and epidemiological studies suggest that metabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with the development of cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer's disease, particularly in aging. Several lines of evidence suggest that insulin signalling dysfunction produces these metabolic alterations and underlie the development of these neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we address normal insulin function in the synapse; we review and discuss the physiopathological hallmarks of synaptic insulin signalling dysfunction associated with metabolic alterations. Additionally, we describe and review the major animal models of obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The comprehensive knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind the association of metabolic alterations and cognitive impairment could facilitate the early detection of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with metabolic alterations, with treatment that focus on neuroprotection. It could also help in the development of metabolic-based therapies and drugs for using in dementia and Alzheimer's disease patients to alleviate their symptoms in a more efficient and comprehensive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Calvo-Ochoa
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF, Mexico
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Chang XH, Liang LN, Zhan LB, Lu XG, Shi X, Qi X, Feng ZL, Wu MJ, Sui H, Zheng LP, Zhang FL, Sun J, Bai CC, Li N, Han GZ. The effect of Chinese Jinzhida recipe on the hippocampus in a rat model of diabetes-associated cognitive decline. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:161. [PMID: 23829668 PMCID: PMC3735391 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the effects of treatment with Multi component Chinese Medicine Jinzhida (JZD) on behavioral deficits in diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD) rats and verify our hypothesis that JZD treatment improves cognitive function by suppressing the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and improving insulin signaling transduction in the rats’ hippocampus. Methods A rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was established using high fat diet and streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, ip). Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the oral glucose tolerance test and the insulin tolerance test. After 7 weeks, the T2DM rats were treated with JZD. The step-down test and Morris water maze were used to evaluate behavior in T2DM rats after 5 weeks of treatment with JZD. Levels of phosphorylated proteins involved in the ERS and in insulin signaling transduction pathways were assessed by Western blot for T2DM rats’ hippocampus. Results Compared to healthy control rats, T2DM rats initially showed insulin resistance and had declines in acquisition and retrieval processes in the step-down test and in spatial memory in the Morris water maze after 12 weeks. Performance on both the step-down test and Morris water maze tasks improved after JZD treatment. In T2DM rats, the ERS was activated, and then inhibited the insulin signal transduction pathways through the Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) mediated. JZD treatment suppressed the ERS, increased insulin signal transduction, and improved insulin resistance in the rats’ hippocampus. Conclusions Treatment with JZD improved cognitive function in the T2DM rat model. The possible mechanism for DACD was related with ERS inducing the insulin signal transduction dysfunction in T2DM rats’ hippocampus. The JZD could reduce ERS and improve insulin signal transduction and insulin resistance in T2DM rats’ hippocampus and as a result improved the cognitive function.
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Noda Y, Asada M, Kubota M, Maesako M, Watanabe K, Uemura M, Kihara T, Shimohama S, Takahashi R, Kinoshita A, Uemura K. Copper enhances APP dimerization and promotes Aβ production. Neurosci Lett 2013; 547:10-5. [PMID: 23669644 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, senile plaque. The Aβ peptide is cleaved from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase and γ-secretase. Until now, many literatures have documented that the high concentration of copper is present in Aβ plaques and enhances aggregation of. The APP copper binding domain (CuBD) is located in the N-terminal next to the growth factor-like domain that gets involved in APP homodimerization. Importantly, dimerization of APP has profound effect on Aβ production. We investigated whether copper alters the state of APP dimerization and how it affects APP metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that copper enhanced APP dimerization and increased extracellular release of Aβ. Moreover, copper chelator, D-penicillamine, suppressed APP dimerization and decreased extracellular release of Aβ. These results suggest that the action of copper may be profoundly associated with the pathway of Aβ production in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuha Noda
- Department of Health Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Lakshmanan AP, Harima M, Suzuki K, Soetikno V, Nagata M, Nakamura T, Takahashi T, Sone H, Kawachi H, Watanabe K. The hyperglycemia stimulated myocardial endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to diabetic cardiomyopathy in the transgenic non-obese type 2 diabetic rats: a differential role of unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling proteins. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 45:438-47. [PMID: 23032698 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been well demonstrated that excessive blood glucose level could be detrimental to the myocardial function through the variety of mechanisms, of which endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) could play an unprecedented role through the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR). Recently, reports are coming out with the evidences that UPR signaling proteins are regulated differentially depend on the experimental conditions and cell types. In addition, ERS has been proposed to be closely associated with the regulation of lipogenesis. Therefore, in this study we tried to find out the expressions of myocardial UPR signaling proteins as well as proteins involved in lipid and glucose metabolism in non-obese type 2 diabetic mellitus (DM) condition using Spontaneous Diabetic Torii (SDT) rat. We have found the significant up-regulation of oxidative, nitrosative and ERS marker proteins in the myocardium of the SDT rats, in comparison to its normal (Sprague-Dawley - SD) rats. In addition, the sub-arm of UPR signaling proteins, such as p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF6, CHOP/GADD153, TRAF2, apoptotic signaling proteins, such as BAD, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-7 and -12, were significantly up-regulated in the SDT rats, in comparison to the SD rats. Interestingly, there were no significant changes in the phosphorylation of IRE-1α, and XBP-1 protein expression. In addition, the proteins involved in lipid and glucose metabolisms, such as PPARα, PPARγ, CPT1, PGC-1α except GLUT4, and the proteins involved in insulin signaling, such as p-Akt and p-PI3K were shown significant attenuation in its expressions in the SDT rats, when compared with the SD rats. Taken together, it is suggested that the activation of PERK and ATF6 pathway are the major determinant rather than the IRE-1α-XBP1 pathway for the ERS-mediated metabolic dysfunction, which might eventually leads to diabetic cardiomyopathy in non-obese type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Prasath Lakshmanan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan
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Maesako M, Uemura K, Kuzuya A, Sasaki K, Asada M, Watanabe K, Ando K, Kubota M, Akiyama H, Takahashi R, Kihara T, Shimohama S, Kinoshita A. Gain of function by phosphorylation in Presenilin 1-mediated regulation of insulin signaling. J Neurochem 2012; 121:964-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Maesako M, Uemura K, Kubota M, Kuzuya A, Sasaki K, Asada M, Watanabe K, Hayashida N, Ihara M, Ito H, Shimohama S, Kihara T, Kinoshita A. Environmental enrichment ameliorated high-fat diet-induced Aβ deposition and memory deficit in APP transgenic mice. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 33:1011.e11-23. [PMID: 22197104 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is tightly associated with metabolic dysfunctions. In particular, a potential link between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and AD has been suggested epidemiologically, clinically, and experimentally, and some studies have suggested that exercise or dietary intervention reduces risk of cognitive decline. However, there is little solid molecular evidence for the effective intervention of metabolic dysfunctions for prevention of AD. In the present study, we established the AD model mice with diabetic conditions through high-fat diet (HFD) to examine the effect of environmental enrichment (EE) on HFD-induced AD pathophysiology. Here, we demonstrated that HFD markedly deteriorated memory impairment and increased β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers as well as Aβ deposition in amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice, which was reversed by exposure to an enriched environment for 10 weeks, despite the continuation of HFD. These studies provide solid evidence that EE is a useful intervention to ameliorate behavioral changes and AD pathology in HFD-induced aggravation of AD symptoms in APP transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Maesako
- School of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Heras-Sandoval D, Avila-Muñoz E, Arias C. The Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/mTor Pathway as a Therapeutic Target for Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2011. [PMCID: PMC4058660 DOI: 10.3390/ph4081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathological conditions are associated with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) dysfunction, providing an incentive for the study of the effects of PI3K modulation in different aspects of diabetes, cancer, and aging. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a key transducer of brain metabolic and mitogenic signals involved in neuronal proliferation, differentiation, and survival. In several models of neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging, the PI3K/AKT pathway has been found to be dysregulated, suggesting that two or more initiating events may trigger disease formation in an age-related manner. The search for chemical compounds able to modulate the activity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is emerging as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment and/or prevention of some metabolic defects associated with brain aging. In the current review, we summarize some of the critical actions of PI3K in brain function as well as the evidence of its involvement in aging and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clorinda Arias
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +52-55-56229215; Fax: +52-55-56229182
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Maesako M, Uemura K, Kuzuya A, Sasaki K, Asada M, Watanabe K, Ando K, Kubota M, Kihara T, Kinoshita A. Presenilin regulates insulin signaling via a gamma-secretase-independent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:25309-16. [PMID: 21622565 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.248922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenilin (PS), a causative molecule of familial Alzheimer disease, acts as a crucial component of the γ-secretase complex, which is required to cleave type I transmembrane proteins such as amyloid precursor protein and Notch. However, it also functions through γ-secretase-independent pathways. Recent reports suggested that PS could regulate the expression level of cell surface receptors, including the PDGF and EGF receptors, followed by modulating their downstream pathways via γ-secretase-independent mechanisms. The main purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of PS on expression of the insulin receptor (IR) as well as on insulin signaling. Here, we demonstrate that PS inhibited IR transcription and reduced IR expression, and this was followed by down-regulation of insulin signaling. Moreover, we suggest that neither γ-secretase activity nor Wnt/β-catenin signaling can reduce the expression of IR, but a PS-mediated increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) level can be associated with it. These results clearly indicate that PS can functionally regulate insulin signaling by controlling IR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Maesako
- School of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Effect of glycogen synthase kinase 3 β-mediated presenilin 1 phosphorylation on amyloid β production is negatively regulated by insulin receptor cleavage. Neuroscience 2011; 177:298-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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