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Nachtigall EG, de C Myskiw J, Izquierdo I, Furini CRG. Cellular mechanisms of contextual fear memory reconsolidation: Role of hippocampal SFKs, TrkB receptors and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:61-73. [PMID: 37700085 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Memories are stored into long-term representations through a process that depends on protein synthesis. However, a consolidated memory is not static and inflexible and can be reactivated under certain circumstances, the retrieval is able to reactivate memories and destabilize them engaging a process of restabilization known as reconsolidation. Although the molecular mechanisms that mediate fear memory reconsolidation are not entirely known, so here we investigated the molecular mechanisms in the hippocampus involved in contextual fear conditioning memory (CFC) reconsolidation in male Wistar rats. We demonstrated that the blockade of Src family kinases (SFKs), GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors and TrkB receptors (TrkBR) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus immediately after the reactivation session impaired contextual fear memory reconsolidation. These impairments were blocked by the neurotrophin BDNF and the NMDAR agonist, D-Serine. Considering that the study of the link between synaptic proteins is crucial for understanding memory processes, targeting the reconsolidation process may provide new ways of disrupting maladaptive memories, such as those seen in post-traumatic stress disorder. Here we provide new insights into the cellular mechanisms involved in contextual fear memory reconsolidation, demonstrating that SFKs, GluN2B-containing NMDAR, and TrkBR are necessary for the reconsolidation process. Our findings suggest a link between BDNF and SFKs and GluN2B-containing NMDAR as well as a link between NMDAR and SFKs and TrkBR in fear memory reconsolidation. These preliminary pharmacological findings provide new evidence of the mechanisms involved in the reconsolidation of fear memory and have the potential to contribute to the development of treatments for psychiatric disorders involving maladaptive memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda G Nachtigall
- Laboratory of Cognition and Memory Neurobiology, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Memory Center, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - 2nd floor - HSL, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Jociane de C Myskiw
- Memory Center, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - 2nd floor - HSL, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Ivan Izquierdo
- Memory Center, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - 2nd floor - HSL, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane R G Furini
- Laboratory of Cognition and Memory Neurobiology, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
- Memory Center, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - 2nd floor - HSL, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
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Chang R, Zhu S, Peng J, Lang Z, Zhou X, Liao H, Zou J, Zeng P, Tan S. The hippocampal FTO-BDNF-TrkB pathway is required for novel object recognition memory reconsolidation in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:349. [PMID: 37963912 PMCID: PMC10645923 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory reconsolidation refers to the process by which the consolidated memory was restored after reactivation (RA). Memory trace becomes labile after reactivation and inhibition of memory reconsolidation may disrupt or update the original memory trace, which provided a new strategy for the treatment of several psychiatric diseases, such as drug addiction and post-traumatic stress disorder. Fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is a novel demethylase of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and it has been intensively involved in learning and memory. However, the role of FTO in memory reconsolidation has not been determined. In the present study, the function of FTO in memory reconsolidation was investigated in the novel object recognition (NOR) model in mice. The results showed that RA of NOR memory increased hippocampal FTO expression in a time-dependent manner, while FTO inhibitor meclofenamic acid (MA) injected immediately, but not 6 h after RA disrupted NOR memory reconsolidation. MA downregulated BDNF expression during NOR memory reconsolidation in the hippocampus, while the TrkB agonist 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) reversed the disruptive effects of MA on NOR memory reconsolidation. Furthermore, overexpression of FTO increased BDNF expression via decreasing mRNA m6A in HT22 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that FTO may up-regulate the BDNF-TrkB pathway to promote NOR memory reconsolidation through m6A modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jionghong Peng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhenyi Lang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hailin Liao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ju Zou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
| | - Sijie Tan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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Shen Q, Xie B, Galaj E, Yu H, Li X, Lu Y, Zhang M, Wen D, Ma C. CircTmeff-1 in the nucleus accumbens regulates the reconsolidation of cocaine-associated memory. Brain Res Bull 2022; 185:64-73. [PMID: 35489671 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Reconsolidation of drug memories is the process of restoring unstable memories after unconditioned (UCS; e.g., drugs) or conditioned stimulus (CS; e.g., drug-paired contexts), and provides promise for prevention of drug relapse. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have important effects on the transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. However, the role of circRNAs in the reconsolidation of drug memories is unclear. Here, we observed that cocaine-induced memory retrieval significantly increased circTmeff-1 level in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core but not shell. Importantly, the disrupted expression of circTmeff-1 using virus in the NAc core damaged the reconsolidation of cocaine-associated memories. The knockdown of circTmeff-1 in the NAc shell or without UCS retrieval or 9 h after UCS retrieval had no such effects. Mechanistically, using bioinformatic analysis and loss- or gain- of function assays, we revealed that antagomiR-206 reversed the inhibitory effect of circTmeff-1 knockdown on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) during the reconsolidation of cocaine-associated memories. Taken together, these results demonstrate the role of circTmeff-1 in the reconsolidation of cocaine-associated memory and that circTmeff-1 may function as a decoy for miR-206 to regulate the expression of BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchao Shen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China; Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Bing Xie
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China; Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Ewa Galaj
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
| | - Hailei Yu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China; Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China; Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yun Lu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China; Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Minglong Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China; Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Di Wen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China; Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China.
| | - Chunling Ma
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China; Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China.
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Gonzalez MC, Radiske A, Cammarota M. On the Involvement of BDNF Signaling in Memory Reconsolidation. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:383. [PMID: 31507380 PMCID: PMC6713924 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
When retrieval occurs concomitantly with novelty detection, mismatch perception or reactivation of conflicting information, consolidated memories can enter into a labile state, and to persist, must be restabilized through a protein synthesis-dependent reconsolidation process during which their strength and content can be modified. Extensive literature implicates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a key regulator of synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity, in the acquisition, consolidation and extinction of several memory types. However, the participation of BDNF in memory reconsolidation has been less studied. In this review, we discuss recent reports supporting the involvement of BDNF signaling in reactivation-induced memory updating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Gonzalez
- Memory Research Laboratory, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Andressa Radiske
- Memory Research Laboratory, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Martín Cammarota
- Memory Research Laboratory, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Spermidine improves the persistence of reconsolidated fear memory and neural differentiation in vitro: Involvement of BDNF. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 140:82-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Blank M, Petry FS, Lichtenfels M, Valiati FE, Dornelles AS, Roesler R. TrkB blockade in the hippocampus after training or retrieval impairs memory: protection from consolidation impairment by histone deacetylase inhibition. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 123:159-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1464-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Therapies based on the impairment of reconsolidation or the enhancement of extinction offer the possibility of decreasing the persistent recollection of distressing memories. However, the direct interplay between reconsolidation and extinction has rarely been considered. Previously, we reported that reactivation induces reconsolidation of fear extinction memory. Here, using a step-down inhibitory avoidance learning paradigm in rats, we show that intrahippocampus infusion of function-blocking anti-BDNF antibody immediately or 6 h after extinction memory reactivation impairs the reconsolidation of extinction. Extinction memory reactivation increases proBDNF, BDNF, and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) phosphorylation levels in dorsal CA1, while blocking BDNF maturation in the hippocampus with plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 hinders the persistence of extinction and induces the recurrence of fear. Moreover, coinfusion of recombinant BDNF (0.25 μg/side) after extinction memory reactivation impedes the recovery of the avoidance response induced by inhibiting gene expression and protein synthesis in the dorsal hippocampus. Our findings unravel a new role for BDNF, suggesting that this neurotrophin is necessary and sufficient to maintain the reactivated fear extinction engram.
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Jarome TJ, Lubin FD. Epigenetic mechanisms of memory formation and reconsolidation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2014; 115:116-27. [PMID: 25130533 PMCID: PMC4250295 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Memory consolidation involves transcriptional control of genes in neurons to stabilize a newly formed memory. Following retrieval, a once consolidated memory destabilizes and again requires gene transcription changes in order to restabilize, a process referred to as reconsolidation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of gene transcription during the consolidation and reconsolidation processes could provide crucial insights into normal memory formation and memory dysfunction associated with psychiatric disorders. In the past decade, modifications of epigenetic markers such as DNA methylation and posttranslational modifications of histone proteins have emerged as critical transcriptional regulators of gene expression during initial memory formation and after retrieval. In light of the rapidly growing literature in this exciting area of research, we here examine the most recent and latest evidence demonstrating how memory acquisition and retrieval trigger epigenetic changes during the consolidation and reconsolidation phases to impact behavior. In particular we focus on the reconsolidation process, where we discuss the already identified epigenetic regulators of gene transcription during memory reconsolidation, while exploring other potential epigenetic modifications that may also be involved, and expand on how these epigenetic modifications may be precisely and temporally controlled by important signaling cascades critical to the reconsolidation process. Finally, we explore the possibility that epigenetic mechanisms may serve to regulate a system or circuit level reconsolidation process and may be involved in retrieval-dependent memory updating. Hence, we propose that epigenetic mechanisms coordinate changes in neuronal gene transcription, not only during the initial memory consolidation phase, but are triggered by retrieval to regulate molecular and cellular processes during memory reconsolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Jarome
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Farah D Lubin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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Bekinschtein P, Cammarota M, Medina JH. BDNF and memory processing. Neuropharmacology 2013; 76 Pt C:677-83. [PMID: 23688925 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor has emerged as one of the most important molecules involved in memory. Its wide role in different types of memories that depend on different structures as well as its involvement in distinct memory stages points at BDNF as one likely target to treat cognitive impairments and anxiety-related memory disorders. However, regulation of BDNF expression is very complex as well as its modes of action. Here we describe the latest research carried out on the function of BDNF in memory to illustrate such complexity. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'BDNF Regulation of Synaptic Structure, Function, and Plasticity'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Bekinschtein
- Instituto de Biologia Celular y Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Argentina
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Besnard A, Caboche J, Laroche S. Reconsolidation of memory: A decade of debate. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 99:61-80. [PMID: 22877586 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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