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Genetic Markers for Thrombophilia and Cardiovascular Disease Associated with Multiple Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102665. [PMID: 36289926 PMCID: PMC9599167 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with an unknown etiology, although genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors are thought to play a role. Recently, coagulation components have been shown to provide immunomodulatory and pro-inflammatory effects in the CNS, leading to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The current study aimed to determine whether patients with MS exhibited an overrepresentation of polymorphisms implicated in the coagulation and whether such polymorphisms are associated with advanced disability and disease progression. The cardiovascular disease (CVD) strip assay was applied to 48 MS patients and 25 controls to analyze 11 genetic polymorphisms associated with thrombosis and CVD. According to our results, FXIIIVal34Leu heterozygosity was less frequent (OR: 0.35 (95% CI: 0.12-0.99); p = 0.04), whereas PAI-1 5G/5G homozygosity was more frequent in MS (OR: 6.33 (95% CI: 1.32-30.24); p = 0.016). In addition, carriers of the HPA-1a/1b were likely to have advanced disability (OR: 1.47 (95% CI: 1.03-2.18); p = 0.03) and disease worsening (OR: 1.42 (95% CI: 1.05-2.01); p = 0.02). The results of a sex-based analysis revealed that male HPA-1a/1b carriers were associated with advanced disability (OR: 3.04 (95% CI: 1.22-19.54); p = 0.01), whereas female carriers had an increased likelihood of disease worsening (OR: 1.56 (95% CI: 1.04-2.61); p = 0.03). Our findings suggest that MS may be linked to thrombophilia-related polymorphisms, which warrants further investigation.
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Horjus J, van Mourik-Banda T, Heerings MAP, Hakobjan M, De Witte W, Heersema DJ, Jansen AJ, Strijbis EMM, de Jong BA, Slettenaar AEJ, Zeinstra EMPE, Hoogervorst ELJ, Franke B, Kruijer W, Jongen PJ, Visser LJ, Poelmans G. Whole Exome Sequencing in Multi-Incident Families Identifies Novel Candidate Genes for Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911461. [PMID: 36232761 PMCID: PMC9570223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system in which auto-immunity-induced demyelination occurs. MS is thought to be caused by a complex interplay of environmental and genetic risk factors. While most genetic studies have focused on identifying common genetic variants for MS through genome-wide association studies, the objective of the present study was to identify rare genetic variants contributing to MS susceptibility. We used whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by co-segregation analyses in nine multi-incident families with two to four affected individuals. WES was performed in 31 family members with and without MS. After applying a suite of selection criteria, co-segregation analyses for a number of rare variants selected from the WES results were performed, adding 24 family members. This approach resulted in 12 exonic rare variants that showed acceptable co-segregation with MS within the nine families, implicating the genes MBP, PLK1, MECP2, MTMR7, TOX3, CPT1A, SORCS1, TRIM66, ITPR3, TTC28, CACNA1F, and PRAM1. Of these, three genes (MBP, MECP2, and CPT1A) have been previously reported as carrying MS-related rare variants. Six additional genes (MTMR7, TOX3, SORCS1, ITPR3, TTC28, and PRAM1) have also been implicated in MS through common genetic variants. The proteins encoded by all twelve genes containing rare variants interact in a molecular framework that points to biological processes involved in (de-/re-)myelination and auto-immunity. Our approach provides clues to possible molecular mechanisms underlying MS that should be studied further in cellular and/or animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Horjus
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke van Mourik-Banda
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco A. P. Heerings
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Hakobjan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ward De Witte
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorothea J. Heersema
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne J. Jansen
- Department of Neurology, Bravis Hospital, 4708 AE Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands
| | - Eva M. M. Strijbis
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brigit A. de Jong
- Department of Neurology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiebe Kruijer
- Independent Life Science Consultant, 3831 CE Leusden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Jongen
- MS4 Research Institute, 6522 KJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Community & Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo J. Visser
- Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, 5022 GC Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Care Ethics, University of Humanistic Studies, 3512 HD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Poelmans
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Pashaei S, Yarani R, Mohammadi P, Emami Aleagha MS. The potential roles of amino acids and their major derivatives in the management of multiple sclerosis. Amino Acids 2022; 54:841-858. [PMID: 35471671 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reviewed the important role of carbohydrates and lipids metabolism in different clinical aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease. In the current paper, we aimed to review the contribution of amino acids and their major derivatives to different clinical outcomes of the disease, including etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In this line, Thr (threonine), Phe (phenylalanine), Glu (glutamate), Trp (tryptophan), and Sero (serotonin) are the main examples of biomolecules that have been suggested for MS therapy. It has been concluded that different amino acids and their derivatives might be considered prominent tools for the clinical management of MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Pashaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sorkhe-Ligeh Street, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Yarani
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Biology, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Pantea Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sajad Emami Aleagha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sorkhe-Ligeh Street, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Sternbach S, West N, Singhal NK, Clements R, Basu S, Tripathi A, Dutta R, Freeman EJ, McDonough J. The BHMT-betaine methylation pathway epigenetically modulates oligodendrocyte maturation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250486. [PMID: 33975330 PMCID: PMC8112889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into the epigenome is of growing importance as a loss of epigenetic control has been implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have implicated aberrant DNA and histone methylation in multiple sclerosis (MS) disease pathogenesis. We have previously reported that the methyl donor betaine is depleted in MS and is linked to changes in histone H3 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in neurons. We have also shown that betaine increases histone methyltransferase activity by activating chromatin bound betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT). Here, we investigated the role of the BHMT-betaine methylation pathway in oligodendrocytes. Immunocytochemistry in the human MO3.13 cell line, primary rat oligodendrocytes, and tissue from MS postmortem brain confirmed the presence of the BHMT enzyme in the nucleus in oligodendrocytes. BHMT expression is increased 2-fold following oxidative insult, and qRT-PCR demonstrated that betaine can promote an increase in expression of oligodendrocyte maturation genes SOX10 and NKX-2.2 under oxidative conditions. Chromatin fractionation provided evidence of a direct interaction of BHMT on chromatin and co-IP analysis indicates an interaction between BHMT and DNMT3a. Our data show that both histone and DNA methyltransferase activity are increased following betaine administration. Betaine effects were shown to be dependent on BHMT expression following siRNA knockdown of BHMT. This is the first report of BHMT expression in oligodendrocytes and suggests that betaine acts through BHMT to modulate histone and DNA methyltransferase activity on chromatin. These data suggest that methyl donor availability can impact epigenetic changes and maturation in oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sternbach
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nicole West
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Naveen K. Singhal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Robert Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Soumitra Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ajai Tripathi
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ernest J. Freeman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jennifer McDonough
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
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Lazarević M, Battaglia G, Jevtić B, Đedović N, Bruno V, Cavalli E, Miljković Đ, Nicoletti F, Momčilović M, Fagone P. Upregulation of Tolerogenic Pathways by the Hydrogen Sulfide Donor GYY4137 and Impaired Expression of H 2S-Producing Enzymes in Multiple Sclerosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E608. [PMID: 32664399 PMCID: PMC7402185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro effects of the slow-releasing H2S donor GYY4137 on the immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease, multiple sclerosis (MS). GYY4137 specifically potentiated TGF-β expression and production in dendritic cells and significantly reduced IFN-γ and IL-17 production in the lymph node and spinal cord T cells obtained from mice immunized with CNS antigens. Both the proportion of FoxP3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells in the lymph node cells, and the percentage of IL-17+ CD4+ T cells in the spinal cord cells were reduced upon culturing with GYY4137. Interestingly, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from the MS patients had a lower expression of the H2S-producing enzyme, 3-mercaptopyruvate-sulfurtransferase (MPST), in comparison to those obtained from healthy donors. A significant inverse correlation between the expression of MPST and several pro-inflammatory factors was also observed. Further studies on the relevance of the observed results for the pathogenesis and therapy of MS are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Lazarević
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Bojan Jevtić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Đedović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Valeria Bruno
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Eugenio Cavalli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Đorđe Miljković
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Miljana Momčilović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Li H, Lu H, Tang W, Zuo J. Targeting methionine cycle as a potential therapeutic strategy for immune disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:1-17. [PMID: 28829212 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1370454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methionine cycle plays an essential role in regulating many cellular events, especially transmethylation reactions, incorporating the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). The transmethylations and substances involved in the cycle have shown complicated effects and mechanisms on immunocytes developments and activations, and exert crucial impacts on the pathological processes in immune disorders. Areas covered: Methionine cycle has been considered as an effective means of drug developments. This review discussed the role of methionine cycle in immune responses and summarized the potential therapeutic strategies based on the cycle, including SAM analogs, methyltransferase inhibitors, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) inhibitors, adenosine receptors specific agonists or antagonists and homocysteine (Hcy)-lowering reagents, in treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic sclerosis (SSc) and other immune disorders. Expert opinion: New targets and biomarkers grown out of methionine cycle have developed rapidly in the past decades. However, impacts of epigenetic regulations on immune disorders are unclear and whether the substances in methionine cycle can be clarified as biomarkers remains controversial. Therefore, further elucidation on the role of epigenetic regulations and substances in methionine cycle may contribute to exploring the cycle-derived biomarkers and drugs in immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- a Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
- b College of Pharmacy , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Huimin Lu
- a Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
- b College of Pharmacy , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Tang
- a Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
- b College of Pharmacy , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Jianping Zuo
- a Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
- b College of Pharmacy , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
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Weng Q, Wang J, Wang J, Tan B, Wang J, Wang H, Zheng T, Lu QR, Yang B, He Q. Folate Metabolism Regulates Oligodendrocyte Survival and Differentiation by Modulating AMPKα Activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1705. [PMID: 28496133 PMCID: PMC5431811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Folate, an essential micronutrient, is a critical cofactor in one-carbon metabolism for many cellular pathways including DNA synthesis, metabolism and maintenance. Folate deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of neurological disease, cancer and cognitive dysfunction. Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a key enzyme to regulate folate metabolism, however folate/DHFR activity in oligodendrocyte development has not been fully understood. Here we show that folate enhances oligodendrocyte maturation both in vitro and in vivo, which is accompanied with upregulation of oligodendrocyte-specific DHFR expression. On the other hand, pharmacological inhibition of DHFR by methotrexate (MTX) causes severe defects in oligodendrocyte survival and differentiation, which could be reversed by folate intake. We further demonstrate that folate activates a metabolic regulator AMPKα to promote oligodendrocyte survival and differentiation. Moreover, activation of AMPKα partially rescues oligodendrocyte defects caused by DHFR-inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these findings identify a previously uncharacterized role of folate/DHFR/AMPKα axis in regulating oligodendrocyte survival and myelination during CNS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjie Weng
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for drug safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biqin Tan
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Tao Zheng
- School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qiaojun He
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Center for drug safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Emerging Role for Methylation in Multiple Sclerosis: Beyond DNA. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:546-562. [PMID: 28478950 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The inflammatory and neurodegenerative pathways driving MS are modulated by DNA, lysine, and arginine methylation, as evidenced by studies made possible by novel tools for methylation detection or loss of function. We present evidence that MS is associated with genetic variants and metabolic changes that impact on methylation. Further, we comprehensively review current understanding of how methylation can impact on central nervous system (CNS) resilience and neuroregenerative potential, as well as inflammatory versus regulatory T helper (Th) cell balance. These findings are discussed in the context of therapeutic relevance for MS, with broad implications in other neurologic and immune-mediated diseases.
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Talaei F. Pathophysiological Concepts in Multiple Sclerosis and the Therapeutic Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide. Basic Clin Neurosci 2016; 7:121-36. [PMID: 27303607 PMCID: PMC4892317 DOI: 10.15412/j.bcn.03070206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is generally known as a manageable but not yet curable autoimmune disease affecting central nervous system. A potential therapeutic approach should possess several properties: Prevent immune system from damaging the brain and spinal cord, promote differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes to produce myelin, prevent the formation of fibronectin aggregates by astrocytes to inhibit scar formation, and enhance function of healthy endothelial cells (ECs). Methods: To determine if an increase in sulfur contents through H2S, a potent antioxidant known to induce protective autophagy in cells, could provide the above desired outcomes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs), OCPs, astrocytes, and ECs were treated with NaHS (50 μM) in vitro. Results: Transmigration assay using EC monolayer showed that serotonin increased migration of PBMNC while pretreatment of EC with NaHS inhibited the migration induced by serotonin treatment. NaHS upregulated proteins involved in immune system response and downregulated PBMNCs- and EC-related adhesion molecules (LFA-1 and VCAM-1). Furthermore, it had a cell expansion inducing effect, altering EC morphology. The effects of NaHS on OPCs and astrocytes were studied compared to mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. In NaHS treated astrocytes the induced fibronectin production was partially inhibited while rapamycin almost fully inhibited fibronectin production. NaHS slowed but did not inhibit the differentiation of OCPs or the production of myelin compared to rapamycin. Conclusion: The in vitro results point to the potential therapeutic application of hydrogen sulfide releasing molecules or health-promoting sulfur compounds in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Talaei
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T polymorphism with multiple sclerosis in Turkish patients. J Investig Med 2014; 62:980-4. [PMID: 25203152 DOI: 10.1097/jim.0000000000000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Genetic risk factors are known to contribute to the etiology of MS. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism has been associated with susceptibility to various autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between the MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism and MS in Turkish patients. METHODS The study included 130 MS patients and 150 group-matched controls. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay for the MTHFR gene exon C677T polymorphism. RESULTS The genotype and allele frequencies of C677T polymorphism showed statistically significant differences between MS patients and controls (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002; odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-2.63, respectively). A significant association was observed when the patients were compared with the controls according to CC genotype versus CT + TT genotypes (P = 0.0005; odds ratio, 2.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-3.82). There were no statistically significant association between MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism and baseline clinical and demographical characteristics of MS patients. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that T allele of C677T polymorphism was associated with MS susceptibility in Turkish population.
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