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Cho SB. Comorbidity Genes of Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Associated with Memory and Cognitive Function. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2211. [PMID: 38396891 PMCID: PMC10889845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are comorbidities that result from the sharing of common genes. The molecular background of comorbidities can provide clues for the development of treatment and management strategies. Here, the common genes involved in the development of the two diseases and in memory and cognitive function are reviewed. Network clustering based on protein-protein interaction network identified tightly connected gene clusters that have an impact on memory and cognition among the comorbidity genes of AD and T2DM. Genes with functional implications were intensively reviewed and relevant evidence summarized. Gene information will be useful in the discovery of biomarkers and the identification of tentative therapeutic targets for AD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Beom Cho
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 38-13, Dokgeom-ro 3 Street, Namdon-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
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Zhu L, Wang J, Zhang Y, Xiang X, Liu K, Wei J, Li Z, Shao D, Li B, Ma Z, Qiu Y. A Porcine DNMT1 Variant: Molecular Cloning and Generation of Specific Polyclonal Antibody. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1324. [PMID: 37510229 PMCID: PMC10379332 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), the first-identified DNA methyltransferase in mammals, has been well studied in the control of embryo development and somatic homeostasis in mice and humans. Accumulating reports have demonstrated that DNMT1 plays an important role in the regulation of differentiation and the activation of immune cells. However, little is known about the effects of porcine DNMT1 on such functional regulation, especially the regulation of the biological functions of immune cells. In this study, we report the cloning of DNMT1 (4833 bp in length) from porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). According to the sequence of the cloned DNMT1 gene, the deduced protein sequence contains a total of 1611 amino acids with a 2 amino acid insertion, a 1 amino acid deletion, and 12 single amino acid mutations in comparison to the reported DNMT1 protein. A polyclonal antibody based on a synthetic peptide was generated to study the expression of the porcine DNMT1. The polyclonal antibody only recognized the cloned porcine DNMT1 and not the previously reported protein due to a single amino acid difference in the antigenic peptide region. However, the polyclonal antibody recognized the endogenous DNMT1 in several porcine cells (PAM, PK15, ST, and PIEC) and the cells of other species (HEK-293T, Marc-145, MDBK, and MDCK cells). Moreover, our results demonstrated that all the detected tissues of piglet express DNMT1, which is the same as that in porcine alveolar macrophages. In summary, we have identified a porcine DNMT1 variant with sequence and expression analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yafeng Qiu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-34293635; Fax: +86-21-54081818
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Saravanaraman P, Selvam M, Ashok C, Srijyothi L, Baluchamy S. De novo methyltransferases: Potential players in diseases and new directions for targeted therapy. Biochimie 2020; 176:85-102. [PMID: 32659446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications govern gene expression by guiding the human genome on 'what to express and what not to'. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) establish methylation patterns on DNA, particularly in CpG islands, and such patterns play a major role in gene silencing. DNMTs are a family of proteins/enzymes (DNMT1, 2, 3A, 3B, and 3L), among which, DNMT1 (maintenance methyltransferase) and DNMT3 (de novo methyltransferases) that direct mammalian development and genome imprinting are highly investigated. In recent decades, many studies revealed a strong association of DNA methylation patterns with gene expression in various clinical conditions. Differential expression of DNMT3 family proteins and their splice variants result in changes in methylation patterns and such alterations have been associated with the initiation and progression of various diseases, especially cancer. This review will discuss the aberrant modifications generated by DNMT3 proteins under various clinical conditions, suggesting a potential signature for de novo methyltransferases in targeted disease therapy. Further, this review discusses the possibility of using 'CpG island methylation signatures' as promising biomarkers and emphasizes 'targeted hypomethylation' by disrupting the interaction of specific DNMT-protein complexes as the future of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponne Saravanaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Murugan Selvam
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Cheemala Ashok
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Loudu Srijyothi
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Sudhakar Baluchamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry, 605014, India.
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Stoccoro A, Tannorella P, Migliore L, Coppedè F. Polymorphisms of genes required for methionine synthesis and DNA methylation influence mitochondrial DNA methylation. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1003-1012. [PMID: 32393056 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Impaired methylation of the mitochondrial DNA and particularly in the regulatory displacement loop (D-loop) region, is increasingly observed in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. The present study aims to investigate if common polymorphisms of genes required for one-carbon metabolism (MTHFR, MTRR, MTR and RFC-1) and DNA methylation reactions (DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B) influence D-loop methylation levels. Materials & methods: D-loop methylation data were available from 133 late-onset Alzheimer's disease patients and 130 matched controls. Genotyping was performed with PCR-RFLP or high resolution melting techniques. Results: Both MTRR 66A > G and DNMT3A -448A > G polymorphisms were significantly associated with D-loop methylation levels. Conclusion: This exploratory study suggests that MTRR and DNMT3A polymorphisms influence mitochondrial DNA methylation; further research is required to better address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stoccoro
- Department of Translational Research & of New Surgical & Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierpaola Tannorella
- Department of Translational Research & of New Surgical & Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Current address: Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative & Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Migliore
- Department of Translational Research & of New Surgical & Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research & of New Surgical & Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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An Evaluation of DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Chemotherapy-Associated Cognitive Impairment: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14570. [PMID: 31601979 PMCID: PMC6787348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence suggests that genetic variations in DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) may alter the downstream expression and DNA methylation patterns of neuronal genes and influence cognition. This study investigates the association between a DNMT1 polymorphism, rs2162560, and chemotherapy-associated cognitive impairment (CACI) in a cohort of breast cancer patients. This is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. From 2011 to 2017, 351 early-stage breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy were assessed at baseline, the midpoint, and the end of chemotherapy. DNA was extracted from whole blood, and genotyping was performed using Sanger sequencing. Patients' self-perceived cognitive function and cognitive performance were assessed at three different time points using FACT-Cog (v.3) and a neuropsychological battery, respectively. The association between DNMT1 rs2162560 and cognitive function was evaluated using logistic regression analyses. Overall, 33.3% of the patients reported impairment relative to baseline in one or more cognitive domains. Cognitive impairment was observed in various objective cognitive domains, with incidences ranging from 7.2% to 36.9%. The DNMT1 rs2162560 A allele was observed in 21.8% of patients and this was associated with lower odds of self-reported cognitive decline in the concentration (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.25-0.82, P = 0.01) and functional interference (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.24-0.95, P = 0.03) domains. No significant association was observed between DNMT1 rs2162560 and objective cognitive impairment. This is the first study to show a significant association between the DNMT1 rs2162560 polymorphism and CACI. Our data suggest that epigenetic processes could contribute to CACI, and further studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Coppedè F, Stoccoro A, Tannorella P, Gallo R, Nicolì V, Migliore L. Association of Polymorphisms in Genes Involved in One-Carbon Metabolism with MTHFR Methylation Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3754. [PMID: 31370354 PMCID: PMC6696388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a pivotal enzyme in the one-carbon metabolism, a metabolic pathway required for DNA synthesis and methylation reactions. MTHFR hypermethylation, resulting in reduced gene expression, can contribute to several human disorders, but little is still known about the factors that regulate MTHFR methylation levels. We performed the present study to investigate if common polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism genes contribute to MTHFR methylation levels. MTHFR methylation was assessed in peripheral blood DNA samples from 206 healthy subjects with methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM); genotyping was performed for MTHFR 677C>T (rs1801133) and 1298A>C (rs1801131), MTRR 66A>G (rs1801394), MTR 2756A>G (rs1805087), SLC19A1 (RFC1) 80G>A (rs1051266), TYMS 28-bp tandem repeats (rs34743033) and 1494 6-bp ins/del (rs34489327), DNMT3A -448A>G (rs1550117), and DNMT3B -149C>T (rs2424913) polymorphisms. We observed a statistically significant effect of the DNMT3B -149C>T polymorphism on mean MTHFR methylation levels, and particularly CT and TT carriers showed increased methylation levels than CC carriers. The present study revealed an association between a functional polymorphism of DNMT3B and MTHFR methylation levels that could be of relevance in those disorders, such as inborn defects, metabolic disorders and cancer, that have been linked to impaired DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Stoccoro
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierpaola Tannorella
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Gallo
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Doctoral School in Genetics, Oncology and Clinical Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Vanessa Nicolì
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Doctoral School in Genetics, Oncology and Clinical Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Migliore
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Wood IC. The Contribution and Therapeutic Potential of Epigenetic Modifications in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:649. [PMID: 30283297 PMCID: PMC6156518 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 50 million people worldwide, for which there is no cure, or effective treatment. Individuals suffering from Alzheimer’s show a decline in cognition over time beginning with memory loss and ultimately leading to severe dementia, and inability to care for themselves. The cause of Alzheimer’s is not known but likely involves a combination of genetic, biochemical, and environmental factors. Some genes have been identified as risk factors but monozygotic twins discordant for Alzheimer’s disease suggest other factors must contribute to development of the disease. Investigation on epigenetic marks including DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones have shown that the patterns of these modifications change with age in the human population. Though individuals show specific differences in epigenetic marks at the individual gene level, there is a consistent pattern of epigenetic changes at the genome scale across the population. Similar changes have been identified in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, though these occur at an earlier age compared to healthy individuals. The early cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease can be mistaken for premature ageing correlating with the timing of epigenetic changes occurring at a younger age in individuals with Alzheimer’s. Such observations suggest that the epigenetic changes may contribute to disease pathology. Exactly how epigenetic modifications contribute to specific aspects of Alzheimer’s disease is the focus of many researcher groups across the world. A number of drugs are available that inhibit the enzymes that modify chromatin and change the epigenetic landscape of the genome. Therefore, an understanding of the role of chromatin modifications in Alzheimer’s could offer an opportunity for novel therapeutic strategies. Research using animal models of Alzheimer’s suggests that the epigenetic changes in Alzheimer’s disease may have a profound impact on cognition and underlie cognitive impairment while there is no clear evidence that they might contribute directly to neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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da Rocha TJ, Silva Alves M, Guisso CC, de Andrade FM, Camozzato A, de Oliveira AA, Fiegenbaum M. Association of GPX1 and GPX4 polymorphisms with episodic memory and Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2017; 666:32-37. [PMID: 29246792 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that healthy aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with substantial declines in episodic memory. However, there is still debate about the roles of GPX1 and GPX4 polymorphisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of rs1050450 and rs713041 polymorphisms with memory. This research was composed of a cross-sectional study (334 subjects) and a case-control study (108 healthy controls and 103 with AD-NINCDS/ARDA, DSM-IV-TR criteria). For the association of the genetic polymorphisms with memory or cognitive loss, the phenotypes were analyzed as follows: 1) each memory as a quantitative trait; 2) presence of deficit on a specific memory; 3) presence of MCI; 4) presence of AD. To assess verbal learning and the ability to store new information, we used the Rey Verbal Learning Test. Scores were recorded as a function of age as in the WMS-R testing battery. DNA was obtained from whole blood, and genotypes for GPX1 (rs1050450) and GPX4 (rs713041) were detected by allelic discrimination assay using TaqMan® MGB probes on a real-time PCR system. GPX1 TT homozygotes had lower long-term visual memory scores than CC/CT group (-0.28 ± 1.03 vs. 0.13 ± 1.03, respectively, p = 0.017). For the GPX4 rs713041, the frequency of the TT genotype was higher in the group with normal scores than in the group with long-term visual memory deficits (p = 0.025). In a multivariate logistic regression, GPX1 CC homozygotes had a 2.85 higher chance of developing AD (OR = 2.85, CI95% = 1.04-7.78, p = 0.041) in comparison to the reference genotype. No significant differences were observed regarding the MCI group between genetic variants. This study is one of the first to show that polymorphisms in GPX1 and GPX4 are significantly associated with episodic memory and AD in a South Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Jacobsen da Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mônica Silva Alves
- Curso de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Campelo Guisso
- Curso de Psicologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Analuiza Camozzato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alcyr Alves de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marilu Fiegenbaum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Šimić G, Babić Leko M, Wray S, Harrington CR, Delalle I, Jovanov-Milošević N, Bažadona D, Buée L, de Silva R, Di Giovanni G, Wischik CM, Hof PR. Monoaminergic neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 151:101-138. [PMID: 27084356 PMCID: PMC5061605 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
None of the proposed mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) fully explains the distribution patterns of the neuropathological changes at the cellular and regional levels, and their clinical correlates. One aspect of this problem lies in the complex genetic, epigenetic, and environmental landscape of AD: early-onset AD is often familial with autosomal dominant inheritance, while the vast majority of AD cases are late-onset, with the ε4 variant of the gene encoding apolipoprotein E (APOE) known to confer a 5-20 fold increased risk with partial penetrance. Mechanisms by which genetic variants and environmental factors influence the development of AD pathological changes, especially neurofibrillary degeneration, are not yet known. Here we review current knowledge of the involvement of the monoaminergic systems in AD. The changes in the serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, histaminergic, and melatonergic systems in AD are briefly described. We also summarize the possibilities for monoamine-based treatment in AD. Besides neuropathologic AD criteria that include the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC), special emphasis is given to the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Both of these brainstem nuclei are among the first to be affected by tau protein abnormalities in the course of sporadic AD, causing behavioral and cognitive symptoms of variable severity. The possibility that most of the tangle-bearing neurons of the LC and DRN may release amyloid β as well as soluble monomeric or oligomeric tau protein trans-synaptically by their diffuse projections to the cerebral cortex emphasizes their selective vulnerability and warrants further investigations of the monoaminergic systems in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Selina Wray
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Ivana Delalle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nataša Jovanov-Milošević
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danira Bažadona
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luc Buée
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, UMR-S 1172, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, Lille, France
| | - Rohan de Silva
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Claude M Wischik
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Pezzi JC, de Bem CMBE, da Rocha TJ, Schumacher-Schuh AF, Chaves MLF, Rieder CR, Hutz MH, Fiegenbaum M, Camozzato AL. Association between DNA methyltransferase gene polymorphism and Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2017; 639:146-150. [PMID: 28041964 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and complex neurodegenerative disorder, the second most prevalent, only behind Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies suggest that environmental factors may contribute for neurodegeneration through induction of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, that is carried out by enzymes, such as DNMT1 and DNMT3B. This present study targeted to investigate the association among DNMT1 and DNMT3B polymorphisms with PD. Five hundred and twenty-two participants (214 PD patients following UK Brain Bank criteria and 308 healthy individuals) were evaluated. DNA was obtained from whole blood and genotypes were detected by an allelic discrimination assay using TaqMan® MGB probes on a real-time PCR system. The polymorphisms studied were rs2162560 and rs759920 (DNMT1) and rs2424913, rs998382 and rs2424932 (DNMT3B). Was found association between DNMT3B rs2424913 in T allele carriers with PD. The presence of the T allele was associated with PD (OR=1.80, 95% CI 1.16-2.81, p=0.009). No significant difference was observed for others DNMT3B SNPs. Also, no association between PD and the control group were observed for DNMT1 polymorphisms. This is the first study addressing an association between DNMT3B polymorphism and PD. The polymorphism may play a role in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Carlos Pezzi
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Tatiane Jacobsen da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Artur F Schumacher-Schuh
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcia Lorena Fagundes Chaves
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Rieder
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mara H Hutz
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marilu Fiegenbaum
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Camozzato
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Zai G, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ, Kennedy JL. A review of molecular genetic studies of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 72:50-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Athanasopoulos D, Karagiannis G, Tsolaki M. Recent Findings in Alzheimer Disease and Nutrition Focusing on Epigenetics. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:917-27. [PMID: 27633107 PMCID: PMC5015036 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with no effective cure so far. The current review focuses on the epigenetic mechanisms of AD and how nutrition can influence the course of this disease through regulation of gene expression, according to the latest scientific findings. The search strategy was the use of scientific databases such as PubMed and Scopus in order to find relative research or review articles published in the years 2012-2015. By showing the latest data of various nutritional compounds, this study aims to stimulate the scientific community to recognize the value of nutrition in this subject. Epigenetics is becoming a very attractive subject for researchers because it can shed light on unknown aspects of complex diseases like AD. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs are the principal epigenetic mechanisms involved in AD pathophysiology. Nutrition is an environmental factor that is related to AD through epigenetic pathways. Vitamin B-12, for instance, can alter the one-carbon metabolism and thus interfere in the DNA methylation process. The research results might seem ambiguous about the clinical role of nutrition, but there is strengthening evidence that proper nutrition can not only change epigenetic biomarker levels but also prevent the development of late-onset AD and attenuate cognition deficit. Nutrition might grow to become a preventive and even therapeutic alternative against AD, especially if combined with other antidementia interventions, brain exercise, physical training, etc. Epigenetic biomarkers can be a very helpful tool to help researchers find the exact nutrients needed to create specific remedies, and perhaps the same biomarkers can be used even in patient screening in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Magda Tsolaki
- Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; and Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
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de Bem CMBE, Pezzi JC, Borba EM, Chaves MLF, de Andrade FM, Fiegenbaum M, Camozzato A. The synergistic risk effect of apolipoprotein ε4 and DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3B) haplotype for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:653-8. [PMID: 27188425 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-3999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and multifactorial disease with the contribution of several genes and polymorphisms to its development. Among these genes, the APOEε4 is the best known risk factor for AD. Methylation is associated with APOE expression and AD development. Recently, we found an association of the TGG haplotype in the DNMT3B gene, one of the catalyst enzyme for methylation, with AD. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate whether APOEε4 and TGG haplotype have an synergistic effect on AD. The sample was composed of 212 Caucasian individuals (108 healthy controls and 104 with AD by NINCDS-ADRDA and DSM-IV-TR criteria) from southern Brazil. The genetic analyses were performed by real time PCR for TaqMan(®) assay. Multivariate logistic regression was performed categorizing groups according to presence of APOEε4 and/or TGG haplotype as an independent variable for outcome AD. The presence of TGG haplotype plus the allele APOEε4 were strongly associated with AD [OR 11.13; 95 % CI (4.25-29.16); P < 0.001]. This association had a higher risk than each risk factor alone. We found a strong association of the interaction of DNMT3B gene with the APOEε4 in this sample of AD patients. The presence of TGG haplotype and APOEε4 significantly increased the risk of developing the disease, showing an synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Monique Boschmann Ens de Bem
- Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua: Taquara 564/306 Bairro Petrópolis, Porto Alegre, RS, 90460210, Brazil
| | - Julio Carlos Pezzi
- Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua: Taquara 564/306 Bairro Petrópolis, Porto Alegre, RS, 90460210, Brazil
| | - Ericksen Mielle Borba
- Neurology Service, Dementia Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marilu Fiegenbaum
- Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua: Taquara 564/306 Bairro Petrópolis, Porto Alegre, RS, 90460210, Brazil
| | - Analuiza Camozzato
- Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua: Taquara 564/306 Bairro Petrópolis, Porto Alegre, RS, 90460210, Brazil.
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Marei HE, Althani A, Suhonen J, El Zowalaty ME, Albanna MA, Cenciarelli C, Wang T, Caceci T. Common and Rare Genetic Variants Associated With Alzheimer's Disease. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1432-7. [PMID: 26496533 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most devastating disorders. Despite the continuing increase of its incidence among aging populations, no effective cure has been developed mainly due to difficulties in early diagnosis of the disease before damaging of the brain, and the failure to explore its complex underlying molecular mechanisms. Recent technological advances in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and high throughput next generation whole genome, and exome sequencing had deciphered many of AD-related loci, and discovered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with altered AD molecular pathways. Highlighting altered molecular pathways linked to AD pathogenesis is crucial to identify novel diagnostic and therapeutic AD targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany E Marei
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asmaa Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jaana Suhonen
- Department of Neurology, Al-Ahli Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Carlo Cenciarelli
- CNR-Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, Roma-Italy
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Thomas Caceci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia
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Chouliaras L, Kenis G, Visser PJ, Scheltens P, Tsolaki M, Jones RW, Kehoe PG, Graff C, Girtler NG, Wallin ÅK, Rikkert MO, Spiru L, Elias-Sonnenschein LS, Ramakers IHGB, Pishva E, Os JV, Steinbusch HWM, Verhey FRJ, van den Hove DLA, Rutten BPF. DNMT3A moderates cognitive decline in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: replicated evidence from two mild cognitive impairment cohorts. Epigenomics 2015; 7:533-7. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation has been associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. The present study investigated associations between common SNPs in genes regulating DNA methylation and age-related changes in cognitive decline in two independent prospective cohorts of patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment. An association between the rs1187120 SNP in DNMT3A and annual decline in cognitive functioning was discovered and replicated, suggesting that DNMT3A moderates cognitive decline in subjects with mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Chouliaras
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gunter Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Memory & Dementia Center, 3rd Department of Neurology, G Papanicolaou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Roy W Jones
- The Research Institute for the Care of Older People (RICE), Bath, UK
| | - Patrick G Kehoe
- School of Clinical Sciences, Dementia Research Group, University of Bristol Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Nicola G Girtler
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Åsa K Wallin
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Marcel Olde Rikkert
- Radboud Alzheimer Center, Department of Geriatrics, Donders Institute for Cognitive Neurosciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luiza Spiru
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lyzel S Elias-Sonnenschein
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Inez HGB Ramakers
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ehsan Pishva
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry WM Steinbusch
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frans RJ Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel LA van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart PF Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience (MHeNS), European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, PO Box 616 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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